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</div><h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>Which type of bond is formed when a Lewis acid reacts with a Lewis base?</p>
<p>A. Covalent</p>
<p>B. Dipole-dipole</p>
<p>C. Double</p>
<p>D. Hydrogen</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which compounds can be mixed together as solutions of equal volume and concentration to form a buffer solution?</p>
<p class="p1">A. Nitric acid and potassium hydroxide</p>
<p class="p1">B. Nitric acid and potassium nitrate</p>
<p class="p1">C. Propanoic acid and potassium hydroxide</p>
<p class="p1">D. Propanoic acid and potassium propanoate</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which salt solution has the highest pH?</p>
<p class="p1">A. NH<sub><span class="s1">4</span></sub>C<span class="s2">l </span></p>
<p class="p1">B. Ca(NO<sub><span class="s1">3</span></sub>)<sub><span class="s1">2 </span></sub></p>
<p class="p1">C. Na<sub><span class="s1">2</span></sub>CO<sub><span class="s1">3 </span></sub></p>
<p class="p1">D. K<sub><span class="s1">2</span></sub>SO<sub><span class="s1">4 </span></sub></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The graph below shows the titration curve of \({\text{25 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) of \({\text{0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide, of \({\text{0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) concentration. The indicator methyl orange was used to determine the equivalence point. Methyl orange has a pH range of 3.2– 4.4.</p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-10-26_om_16.28.27.png" alt="M11/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/29"></p>
<p class="p1">If the hydrochloric acid was replaced by ethanoic acid of the same volume and concentration, which property of the titration would remain the same?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The initial pH</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The pH at the equivalence point</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The volume of strong base, NaOH, needed to reach the equivalence point</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The colour of the titration mixture just before the equivalence point is reached</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>For which equilibrium can an expression for a base dissociation constant, \({K_{\text{b}}}\), for the forward reaction be written?</p>
<p>A. \({\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3} + {{\text{H}}_3}{{\text{O}}^ + } \rightleftharpoons {\text{NH}}_4^ + + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({{\text{F}}^ - } + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{HF}} + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }\)</p>
<p>C. \({\text{NH}}_4^ + + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - } \rightleftharpoons {\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({\text{HF}} + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - } \rightleftharpoons {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}} + {{\text{F}}^ - }\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which statements are correct?</p>
<p> I. Lewis bases can act as nucleophiles.</p>
<p> II. Electrophiles are Lewis acids.</p>
<p> III. Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors.</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which combination of acid and base is most likely to have a pH of 8.5 at the equivalence point in a titration?</p>
<p>A. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide</p>
<p>B. Hydrochloric acid and ammonia</p>
<p>C. Nitric acid and ammonia</p>
<p>D. Methanoic acid and sodium hydroxide</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which definition of a base is correct?</p>
<p>A. A Lewis base accepts a proton.</p>
<p>B. A Brønsted-Lowry base accepts an electron pair.</p>
<p>C. A Brønsted-Lowry base donates an electron pair.</p>
<p>D. A Lewis base donates an electron pair.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The \({K_{\text{b}}}\) value for a base is \(5.0 \times {10^{ - 2}}{\text{ mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) at 298 K. What is the \({K_{\text{a}}}\) value for its conjugate acid at this temperature?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(5.0 \times {10^{ - 2}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(2.0 \times {10^{ - 6}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(2.0 \times {10^{ - 12}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(2.0 \times {10^{ - 13}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The colours of three indicators are shown in the table below.</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-12_om_13.55.11.png" alt="M13/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/29"></p>
<p class="p1">Equal volumes of these three indicators were mixed and the mixture was added to a solution of \({\text{pH}} = 5.0\). What colour would be seen?</p>
<p class="p1">A. Yellow</p>
<p class="p1">B. Orange</p>
<p class="p1">C. Green</p>
<p class="p1">D. Blue</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the expression for the ionic product constant of water, \({K_{\text{w}}}\)?</p>
<p>A. \({K_{\text{w}}} = {K_{\text{a}}} \times {K_{\text{b}}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({K_{\text{w}}} = {K_{\text{a}}} + {K_{\text{b}}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({K_{\text{w}}} = \frac{{{K_{\text{a}}}}}{{{K_{\text{b}}}}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({K_{\text{w}}} = {K_{\text{a}}} - {K_{\text{b}}}\)</p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The indicator, HIn is used in a titration between an acid and base. Which statement about the dissociation of the indicator, HIn is correct?</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{HIn(aq)}} \rightleftharpoons {{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{I}}{{\text{n}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}}\]</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;">colour A <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>colour B</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In a strongly alkaline solution, colour B would be observed.</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In a strongly acidic solution, colour B would be observed.</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{[I}}{{\text{n}}^ - }{\text{]}}\) is greater than [HIn] at the equivalence point.</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In a weakly acidic solution colour B would be observed.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The \({K_{\text{a}}}\) values of four weak acids W, X, Y and Z are listed below.</p>
<p class="p1">W <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({K_{\text{a}}} = 1.35 \times {10^{ - 3}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">X <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({K_{\text{a}}} = 4.47 \times {10^{ - 2}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">Y <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({K_{\text{a}}} = 9.33 \times {10^{ - 6}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">Z <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({K_{\text{a}}} = 1.47 \times {10^{ - 5}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The acid–base indicator phenol red, HIn, changes colour from yellow to red over a pH range of 6.6–8.2. Which statement is correct?</p>
<p>A. In a strongly acidic solution \({\text{[HIn]}} < {\text{[I}}{{\text{n}}^ - }{\text{]}}\).</p>
<p>B. The \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{a}}}\) of phenol red is between 6.6 and 8.2.</p>
<p>C. The \({\text{I}}{{\text{n}}^ - }\) ions are yellow.</p>
<p>D. Phenol red would be a suitable indicator for the titration of a strong acid and a weak base.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Methylamine acts as a weak base when it reacts with water. For a diluted aqueous solution, what is the \({K_{\text{b}}}\) expression for this reaction?</p>
<p>A. \({K_{\text{b}}} = \frac{{{\text{[C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}^ + {\text{][O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{]}}}}{{{\text{[C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{]}}}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({K_{\text{b}}} = \frac{{{\text{[C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{][}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O]}}}}{{{\text{[C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}^ + {\text{][O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{]}}}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({K_{\text{b}}} = \frac{{{\text{[C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}^ + {\text{][O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{]}}}}{{{\text{[C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{][}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O]}}}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({K_{\text{b}}} = \frac{{{\text{[C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{]}}}}{{{\text{[C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}^ + {\text{][O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{]}}}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Four aqueous solutions are listed below.</p>
<p class="p1">W. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">X. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{0.001 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">Y. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ KOH(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">Z. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{0.001 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ KOH(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">What is the correct order of <strong>increasing </strong>pH of these solutions?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{W}} < {\text{X}} < {\text{Y}} < {\text{Z}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{W}} < {\text{X}} < {\text{Z}} < {\text{Y}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{X}} < {\text{W}} < {\text{Y}} < {\text{Z}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{X}} < {\text{W}} < {\text{Z}} < {\text{Y}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which of the following is an example of a Lewis acid–base reaction, but not a Brønsted–Lowry acid–base reaction?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{2CrO}}_4^{2 - }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{r}}_2}{\text{O}}_7^{2 - }{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Co(}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O)}}_6^{2 + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{4HCl(aq)}} \to {\text{CoCl}}_4^{2 - }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{4}}{{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{6}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} \to {\text{NH}}_4^ + {\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{CO}}{{\text{O}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{COOH(aq)}} + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which equation represents a reaction for which a base dissociation constant expression, \({K_b}\), can be written?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH(aq)}} + {\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(aq)}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{CO}}{{\text{O}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{NH}}_4^ + {\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{HF(aq)}} \rightleftharpoons {{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{F}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p2">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{HCN(aq)}} + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{C}}{{\text{N}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(l)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(l)}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{NH}}_4^ + {\text{(aq)}} + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A weak acid is titrated with a strong base. Which statement is true for the titration curve?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-11_om_07.29.10.png" alt="M14/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/28"></p>
<p>A. <strong>A</strong> is the equivalence point.</p>
<p>B. The pH at <strong>A</strong> equals the \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{a}}}\) of the acid.</p>
<p>C. The pH at <strong>B</strong> equals 7.</p>
<p>D. <strong>C</strong> is in the buffer region.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which mixture will form a buffer in aqueous solution?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{0.10 mol N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}} + {\text{0.20 mol HCl}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{0.10 mol N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}} + {\text{0.20 mol NaOH}}\)</p>
<p class="p2">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{0.10 mol NaOH}} + {\text{0.20 mol KCl}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{0.20 mol N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}} + {\text{0.10 mol HCl}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Ammonia acts as a weak base when it reacts with water. What is the \({K_{\text{b}}}\) expression for this reaction?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(\frac{{[{\text{NH}}_4^ + ][{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }]}}{{[{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}][{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O]}}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(\frac{{[{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{][}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O]}}}}{{{\text{[NH}}_4^ + {\text{][O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{]}}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(\frac{{[{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}]}}{{[{\text{NH}}_4^ + ][{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }]}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(\frac{{[{\text{NH}}_4^ + ][{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }]}}{{[{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}]}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which titration curve is produced by the titration of \({\text{25 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) of \({\text{1.00 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) NaOH with \({\text{1.00 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}}\)?</p>
<p class="p1"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-11-01_om_06.30.02.png" alt="M12/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/27"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which reaction represents an acid–base reaction according to the Lewis theory but not according to the Brønsted–Lowry theory?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{CO}}_3^{2 - }({\text{aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_3}{{\text{O}}^ + }({\text{aq)}} \rightleftharpoons {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} + {\text{HCO}}_3^ - {\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{COOH(aq)}} + {\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}({\text{aq)}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{NH}}_4^ + ({\text{aq)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{CO}}{{\text{O}}^ - }({\text{aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}({\text{aq)}} + {\text{HF(aq)}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{NH}}_4^ + ({\text{aq)}} + {{\text{F}}^ - }({\text{aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\rm{CuS}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{4}}}{\rm{(s)}} + 5{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O(l)}} \rightleftharpoons {\rm{CuS}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{4}}}{\rm{ \bullet 5}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O(s)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which is an example of a Lewis base?</p>
<p>A. an electrophile</p>
<p>B. BF<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>C. CH<sub>4</sub></p>
<p>D. a nucleophile</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which mixtures could act as buffers?</p>
<p class="p1">I. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>NaOH(aq) and HCl(aq)</p>
<p class="p1">II. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>NaOH(aq) and \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">III. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>HCl(aq) and \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COONa(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and II only</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and III only</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>II and III only</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">At the same concentration, which acid would have the lowest pH?</p>
<p class="p1">\(\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {{\text{A.}}}&{{\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}}&{{K_{\text{a}}} = 5.6 \times {{10}^{ - 4}}{\text{ mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}} \\ {{\text{B.}}}&{{\text{HF}}}&{{K_{\text{a}}} = 6.8 \times {{10}^{ - 4}}{\text{ mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}} \\ {{\text{C.}}}&{{{\text{C}}_{\text{6}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{COOH}}}&{{K_{\text{a}}} = 6.3 \times {{10}^{ - 5}}{\text{ mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}} \\ {{\text{D.}}}&{{\text{HCN}}}&{{K_{\text{a}}} = 4.9 \times {{10}^{ - 10}}{\text{ mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}} \end{array}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Consider the equation for the dissociation of water:</p>
<p class="p1">\[\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} \rightleftharpoons {{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}}}&{\Delta H = + 57.3{\text{ kJ}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}} \end{array}\]</p>
<p class="p1">Which statement is correct?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The pH of pure water is always 7.</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>At temperatures above 298 K the pH of pure water is below 7.</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>At temperatures above 298 K the pH of pure water is above 7.</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({K_{\text{w}}}\) decreases with increasing temperature.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which pair of compounds could be used to make a buffer solution (assuming appropriate molar ratios)?</p>
<p>A. KCl and HCl</p>
<p>B. NaCl and HCl</p>
<p>C. \({\text{KHS}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}\) and \({{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COONa}}\) and \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">During a titration, \({\text{0.1 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) sodium hydroxide is added to \({\text{0.1 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) ethanoic acid. Which indicator would be the <strong>best </strong>to use as an end point indicator in this titration?</p>
<p class="p1"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-21_om_08.26.59.png" alt="N12/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/29"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Bromophenol blue changes from yellow to blue over the pH range of 3.0 to 4.6. Which statement is correct?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Molecules of bromophenol blue, HIn, are blue.</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>At \({\text{pH}} < 3.0\), a solution of bromophenol blue contains more ions, \({\text{I}}{{\text{n}}^ - }\), than molecules, HIn.</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{a}}}\) of bromophenol blue is between 3.0 and 4.6.</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Bromophenol blue is a suitable indicator to titrate ethanoic acid with potassium hydroxide</p>
<p class="p1">solution.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">\({\text{100 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) of a NaOH solution of pH 12 is mixed with \({\text{900 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) of water. What is the pH of the resulting solution?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>1</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>3</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>11</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>13</p>
</div>
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<div class="column" style="text-align: left;">The diagram represents the bonding in aluminium chloride.</div>
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<div class="column" style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></div>
<div class="column" style="text-align: center;"> </div>
<div class="column" style="text-align: center;"> </div>
<div class="column">Which statement is correct?</div>
<div class="column"> </div>
<div class="column">A. The aluminium atoms behave as Lewis acids.<br>B. The aluminium atoms behave as Lewis bases.<br>C. One aluminium atom is a Lewis base and the other a Lewis acid.<br>D. One chlorine atom is a Lewis base and the other a Lewis acid.</div>
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</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Equal volumes and concentrations of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid are titrated with sodium hydroxide solutions of the same concentration. Which statement is correct?</p>
<p class="p1">A. The initial pH values of both acids are equal.</p>
<p class="p1">B. At the equivalence points, the solutions of both titrations have pH values of 7.</p>
<p class="p1">C. The same volume of sodium hydroxide is needed to reach the equivalence point.</p>
<p class="p1">D. The pH values of both acids increase equally until the equivalence points are reached.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which statements are correct about the complex \({\text{[Cu(N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{]}}\)<span class="s1">?</span></p>
<p class="p2">I. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Oxidation state of copper is +<span class="s2">2.</span></p>
<p class="p1">II. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Ammonia is a ligand.</p>
<p class="p1">III. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Chloride ions act as Lewis acids.</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and II only</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and III only</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>II and III only</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In which reaction does \({{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}\) act as a Lewis base but not as a Brønsted–Lowry base.</p>
<p>A. \({{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}} + {\text{NH}}_4^ + \to {{\text{H}}_3}{{\text{O}}^ + } + {\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}\)</p>
<p>B. \({{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}} + {\text{CaO}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^{{\text{2}} + }} + {\text{2O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }\)</p>
<p>C. \({{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}} + {{\text{[Fe(}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}{{\text{)}}_6}{\text{]}}^{{\text{3}} + }} \to {\text{Fe[(OH)(}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}{{\text{)}}_5}{{\text{]}}^{{\text{2}} + }} + {{\text{H}}_3}{{\text{O}}^ + }\)</p>
<p>D. \({\text{6}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}} + {{\text{[Ni(N}}{{\text{H}}_3}{{\text{)}}_6}{\text{]}}^{2 + }} \to {\text{6N}}{{\text{H}}_3} + {{\text{[Ni(}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}{{\text{)}}_6}{\text{]}}^{2 + }}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The strengths of four acids are:</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>glycine <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{p}}{K_{\text{a}}} = {\text{9.87}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>chloroethanoic acid <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({K_{\text{a}}} = 1.38 \times {10^{ - 3}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>phenol <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({K_{\text{a}}} = 1.00 \times {10^{ - 10}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>butanoic acid <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{p}}{K_{\text{a}}} = 4.82\)</p>
<p class="p1">What is the order of <strong>increasing </strong>acid strength?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{chloroethanoic acid}} < {\text{butanoic acid}} < {\text{phenol}} < {\text{glycine}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{glycine}} < {\text{phenol}} < {\text{chloroethanoic acid}} < {\text{butanoic acid}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{phenol}} < {\text{chloroethanoic acid}} < {\text{butanoic acid}} < {\text{glycine}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{phenol}} < {\text{glycine}} < {\text{butanoic acid}} < {\text{chloroethanoic acid}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Based on information in the table below, which acid is the strongest?</p>
<p class="p1"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-10-26_om_16.25.20.png" alt="M11/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/27"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Methyl orange is an indicator which changes its colour from red to yellow in a pH range of 3.2 – 4.4.</p>
<p>For which titration would methyl orange be a suitable indicator?</p>
<p>A. Iodine and sodium thiosulfate solution</p>
<p>B. Hydrochloric acid and ammonia solution</p>
<p>C. Ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide solution</p>
<p>D. Ethanoic acid and ammonia solution</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{b}}}\) of \({\text{H}}{{\text{S}}^ - }\) is 7.08. What is its conjugate acid and what is the \({K_{\text{a}}}\) value of the acid?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-11_om_07.15.56.png" alt="M14/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/26"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Cobalt forms the complex \({{\text{[Co(N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{Cl]}}^{2 + }}\). Which statements are correct for this complex?</p>
<p>I. The cobalt ion acts as a Lewis acid.</p>
<p>II. The cobalt ion has an oxidation number of +II.</p>
<p>III. There are 90° bond angles between the cobalt ion and the ligands.</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of the following will form a buffer solution if combined in appropriate molar ratios?</p>
<p>A. HCl and NaCl</p>
<p>B. NaOH and HCOONa</p>
<p>C. NH<sub>4</sub>Cl and HCl</p>
<p>D. HCl and NH<sub>3</sub></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which mixtures are buffer solutions?</p>
<p class="p1">I. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{KHS}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{(aq)}}\) and \({{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">II. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COONa(aq)}}\) and \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">III. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{HCOOK(aq)}}\) and \({\text{HCOOH(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and II only</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and III only</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>II and III only</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">For which titration can the end point <strong>not </strong>be determined accurately by using an acid-base indicator?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{NaOH(aq)}} + {\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{NaOH(aq)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH(aq)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The table below shows data for the \({{K_{\text{a}}}}\) and \({{\text{p}}{K_{\text{b}}}}\) values for some acids and bases at 298 K.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-24_om_14.49.59.png" alt="N13/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/28"></p>
<p>Which two formulas represent the weakest acid and the weakest base in the table?</p>
<p>A. HClO and \({{\text{C}}_{\text{6}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({{\text{C}}_{\text{6}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{COOH}}\) and \({\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({{\text{C}}_{\text{6}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{COOH}}\) and \({{\text{C}}_{\text{6}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\)</p>
<p>D. HClO and \({\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which graph would be obtained by adding \({\text{0.10 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{HCl(aq)}}\) to \({\text{25 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) of \({\text{0.10 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{NaOH(aq)}}\)?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-11_om_09.06.14.png" alt="M14/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/30"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{b}}}\) value of ammonia is 4.75 at 298 K. What is the \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{a}}}\) value of the ammonium ion?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(\frac{{{\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - 14}}}}{{{\text{4.75}}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(\frac{{{\text{14.00}}}}{{{\text{4.75}}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(14.00 - 4.75\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(\frac{{{\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - 14}}}}{{{\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - 4.75}}}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which compound will produce an aqueous solution which has a pH greater than 7?</p>
<p>A. \({\text{CuS}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({\text{FeC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{3}}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({\text{N}}{{\text{a}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which mixture is a buffer solution?</p>
<p class="p1">A. 25 cm<span class="s1"><sup>3</sup> </span>of 0.10 mol dm<sup><span class="s2">-</span><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>NH<sub><span class="s1">3 </span></sub>(aq) and 50 cm<sup><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>of 0.10 mol dm<sup><span class="s2">-</span><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>HC<span class="s3">l </span>(aq)</p>
<p class="p1">B. 50 cm<sup>3</sup><span class="s1"> </span>of 0.10 mol dm<sup><span class="s2">-</span><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>NH<sub><span class="s1">3 </span></sub>(aq) and 25 cm<sup><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>of 0.10 mol dm<sup><span class="s2">-</span><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>HC<span class="s3">l </span>(aq)</p>
<p class="p1">C. 25 cm<sup><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>of 0.10 mol dm<sup><span class="s2">-</span><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>NaOH (aq) and 25 cm<sup><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>of 0.10 mol dm<sup><span class="s2">-</span><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>HC<span class="s3">l </span>(aq)</p>
<p class="p1">D. 50 cm<sup><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>of 0.10 mol dm<sup><span class="s2">-</span><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>NaOH (aq) and 25 cm<sup><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>of 0.10 mol dm<sup><span class="s2">-</span><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>HC<span class="s3">l </span>(aq)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The values of \({K_{\text{w}}}\), the ionic product constant of water, are:</p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-12_om_13.46.17.png" alt="M13/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/26"></p>
<p class="p1">Which statements are correct?</p>
<p class="p1">I. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The \({\text{[O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{]}}\) in water is less than the \({\text{[}}{{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{]}}\) at 18 °<span class="s1">C</span>.</p>
<p class="p1">II. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The ionization of water is an endothermic process.</p>
<p class="p1">III. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The pH of water is lower at 25 °<span class="s1">C </span>than at 18 °<span class="s1">C</span>.</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and II only</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and III only</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>II and III only</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">What is the approximate pH of a \({\text{0.01 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) ammonia solution?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>2</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>More than 2 but less than 7</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>More than 7 but less than 12</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>12</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the order of increasing acidity?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-08_om_11.25.10.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/27"></p>
<p>A. HClO < CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH < HF < HIO<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>B. HClO < HF < CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH < HIO<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>C. HIO<sub>3</sub> < HF < CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH < HClO</p>
<p>D. HIO<sub>3</sub> < CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH < HF < HClO</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the order of increasing acidity of the following acids?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>A. chloroethanoic < ethanoic < hydrogen fluoride < hydrogen cyanide</p>
<p>B. ethanoic < chloroethanoic < hydrogen fluoride < hydrogen cyanide</p>
<p>C. chloroethanoic < ethanoic < hydrogen cyanide < hydrogen fluoride</p>
<p>D. hydrogen cyanide < ethanoic < hydrogen fluoride < chloroethanoic</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which indicator is appropriate for the acid-base titration shown below?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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4FxEHC/VuF+y3Yc7pl7RAABBHwWINj53LvcGwIdBPS+HRsCCCCAgD8CBDt/+pI7QQABBBBAAIExFyDYjfl/AG4fAQQQQAABBPwRINj505fcCQIIIIAAAgiMuUBsg93ajbx5+823Wnbf5sNNo4WBi4VCy3PcgXKpZC7MzdnzVUafaysr7jD/IoAAAggggAACsRCIZbBTqPs8n28JrDD3SS7X8njjgYXcRVOp7Jjbd++Yp8+fmeurq2bj1rq5vLTUeCrfEUAAAQQQQACByArEKthVKhU7srazUzHfPzndFFUjbfp8OD/f9HjjTo3WKQjOZrMmncnYw6dOzxh9NOrHhoDPAm5WrH5Hlg0BBBBAIP4CsQp2GkGbSCTMpcXFpvIayVMY+2x1tenxZjtdeEtn0nWH0+mMcaGv7gBfEPBIwK1j94Jg51GvcisIIDDOArEKdrPZ8/YxaasOmz45bR+nJhKJVqcc2F8ul+y+ZCpVd8zVUS6V6/bzBQEEEEAAAQQQiKpArIKdglu7zT1KbXdOr8dKpd3g12s5zkcAAQQQQAABBEYtcHjUF/Tpepo9y4YAAggggAACCERFIFYjdmGgpRoe0YbRBq6JAAIIIIAAAgh0IzD2I3bJ5O67dZookdibFSs4zcDVlkwlWzpqaZRuNkb2ulHiHAQQQAABBBAYVGDsR+zce3vFQrHOslgsGE2gGMZ7e3UX4gsCIQscOXLEbJdZ7iTkbuDyCCCAQCACYx/sNBtW4W0tn9//lYoH9+4bfWbPZwNBphIEoiygJU9Yxy7KPUTbEEAAge4Fxi7YafFiPRpVcHPbleWrJpVKmnNnztpjC7mcXaC41Xp5rhz/IoAAAggggAACURI4VK1Wq1FqkI9tce/YdftOno8G3FN0Bc7/yaxt3K1/3IhuI2kZAggggEBXAmM3YteVCichgAACCCCAAAIxFCDYxbDTaDICCCCAAAIIINBMgGDXTIV9CCCAAAIIIIBADAUIdjHsNJqMQJACk5OT5snWVpBVUhcCCCCAQEgCBLuQ4LksAlERmExOmpcvX0alObQDAQQQQGAAAYLdAHgURQABBBBAAAEEoiRAsItSb9AWBBBAAAEEEEBgAAGC3QB4FEUAAQQQQAABBKIkQLCLUm/QFgQQQAABBBBAYAABgt0AeBRFAAEEEEAAAQSiJECwi1Jv0BYEQhA4NjVlr/r40aMQrs4lEUAAAQSCFCDYBalJXQjEUGBiYiKGrabJCCCAAALNBAh2zVTYhwACCCCAAAIIxFCAYBfDTqPJCCCAAAIIIIBAMwGCXTMV9iGAAAIIIIAAAjEUINjFsNNoMgIIIIAAAggg0EyAYNdMhX0IjJHA0clJe7dbW1tjdNfcKgIIIOCnQCyD3YW5ObOQyx3okXKpZHTsjdde3/9cW1k5cF7jjn7LNdbDdwTiKDC5F+xe7uzEsfm0GQEEEECgRiB2wU6Brlgo1tzCqz8XchdNpbJjbt+9Y54+f2aur66ajVvr5vLS0quTmvzVb7kmVbELAQQQQAABBBAITSA2wa5YKJhzZ86amZnTTbE06qZzZrNZk85k7DmnTs8YfTYfbjYto539lmtZIQcQQAABBBBAAIGQBGIT7C7MfWBOzewGtWZWLrylM+m6w+l0Zj+81R3Y+9JvuWZ1sQ8BBBBAAAEEEAhTIDbB7rPVVfPRx/Mtrcrlkj2WTKXqzkkkEvZ7uVSu2+++9FvOledfBBBAAAEEEEAgKgKxCXbTJ6cHMiuVdoNfr5X0W67X63A+AmEKHDlyxGyXt8NsAtdGAAEEEAhA4HAAdYxtFZp9y4aADwLHpqbM9jbBzoe+5B4QQGC8BWIzYjdoN6UaHtF2W1+/5bqtn/MQQAABBBBAAIGgBLwZsUsmd9+t0yzXxN6sWCFVKhVrlUwlm5r1W06VaUmVbjZG9rpR4hwEEEAAAQQQGFTAmxE79w5e4xp3xWLBaAKFWwKlEazfco318B0BBBBAAAEEEAhbwJtgp9mwCm9r+bxdz06wD+7dt5/Z89mWzv2Wa1khBxBAAAEEEEAAgZAEvAl28ruyfNWkUkm7kLEef+pXKrRA8aXFxX1e/cSYjin0ua2bcu5c/kXAR4GJiQnzgskTPnYt94QAAmMmcKharVbH7J5HfrvuHbtu38kbeQO54NgLfPbpp+azT/+26/dGxx4MAAQQQCCiAl6N2EXUmGYhgAACCCCAAAIjESDYjYSZiyCAAAIIIIAAAsMXINgN35grIIAAAggggAACIxEg2I2EmYsggAACCCCAAALDFyDYDd+YKyAQeYEjExO2jU+2tiLfVhqIAAIIINBagGDX2oYjCIyNwNTUlL3XnZ2dsblnbhQBBBDwUYBg52Ovck8IIIAAAgggMJYCBLux7HZuGgEEEEAAAQR8FCDY+dir3BMCCCCAAAIIjKUAwW4su52bRgABBBBAAAEfBQh2PvYq94RAjwLH9iZPPH70qMeSnI4AAgggECUBgl2UeoO2IBCSwMTecichXZ7LIoAAAggEJECwCwiSahBAAAEEEEAAgbAFCHZh9wDXRwABBBBAAAEEAhIg2AUESTUIIIAAAggggEDYAgS7sHuA6yMQIQF+eSJCnUFTEEAAgT4ECHZ9oFEEAR8Fvnv8uNn6A78V62Pfck8IIDA+AgS78elr7hQBBBBAAAEEPBfwLthdXloyb7z2uv289867ZuPWescuLJdK5sLc3H45lb+2stKxHCcggAACCCCAAAJREjgcpcYM2haFs0plx3z97TcmkUgYBbb/MPeBqVQq5qOP51tWv5C7aI/dvnvHpDMZ8+DefaOAqHJXlpdbluMAAggggAACCCAQJQFvRuwUxjYfbprZbNaGOiEnUyn7/fN83oa0ZvAKf8VCwZ6nUKft1OkZ+1F9bAgggAACCCCAQFwEvAl2xWLBmk+fnK6zT6VSNtT9a4uQ5sJbOpOuK5dOZ+yIn0IfGwLjIDD1nSnz+8ePx+FWuUcEEEDAWwFvgl2nHiqVSk1PKZd392t0r3bTo1xt5VK5djd/I+CtAD8r5m3XcmMIIDBGAt4Eu2RyN5iVGoKYG8nrt09bBcJ+66McAggggAACCCAwLAFvJk/Mns+ajfV183n+htFjVY246b27bmbF9our2bNsCCCAAAIIIIBAVAS8GbET6Bc3vzQTiYR5+8237NIlG+u3zGerq9baPVrtFV7v6LEhgAACCCCAAAJxEPBmxE7YCm/XFeR2s5z1dyN2je/Quc5xj3A1OzaxNytWx7TUibZkKulOPfDv0+fPDuxrtoORvWYq7IuawNHJSdukJ1tb5tjUVNSaR3sQQAABBLoQ8GbETrNbFaDcLFd375ocoVDXOFvWHXf7i4Wi22X/1bt5CopuCZS6g3xBwEOByb1gx+/Feti53BICCIyNgDfBTgFNIUzv2LnRNo3W3b93v+0iwwp9KreWz9v17NTzejdPH723x4YAAggggAACCMRFwJtgJ/Drq39n3V+9Y7du/mJxsW60Tj8VppE9BTe3XVm+alKppDl35qw9tpDL2QWKLy0uulP4FwEEEEAAAQQQiLzAoWq1Wo18K2PeQPeOXbfv5MX8dml+TAUeP3pkfjybNb/YWDfHT5yI6V3QbAQQQGC8BbwasRvvruTuERhMwC1QvL29PVhFlEYAAQQQCE2AYBcaPRdGIFoCbibsC4JdtDqG1iCAAAI9CBDsesDiVAQQQAABBBBAIMoCBLso9w5tQwABBBBAAAEEehAg2PWAxakIIIAAAggggECUBQh2Ue4d2obAiAWOHDlitstMnhgxO5dDAAEEAhMg2AVGSUUIxF9AEyiYFRv/fuQOEEBgfAUIduPb99w5AggggAACCHgmQLDzrEO5HQQQQAABBBAYXwGC3fj2PXeOAAIIIIAAAp4JEOw861BuB4FBBCYnJ82Tra1BqqAsAggggECIAgS7EPG5NAJRE5hMTpqXL19GrVm0BwEEEECgSwGCXZdQnIYAAggggAACCERdgGAX9R6ifQgggAACCCCAQJcCBLsuoTgNAQQQQAABBBCIugDBLuo9RPsQGKGAFijW9vjRoxFelUshgAACCAQlQLALSpJ6EPBAYGJiwoO74BYQQACB8RUg2I1v33PnCCCAAAIIIOCZgHfB7vLSknnjtdft5+033zJrN/Idu6xcKpkLc3P75VT+2spKx3KcgAACCCCAAAIIREngcJQaM2hbFnI5UywUzdfffmMSiYRRYDt35qyt9qOP51tWv5C7aI/dvnvHpDMZ8+DefaOAWKlUzJXl5ZblOICAbwLuUez29rY57tvNcT8IIIDAGAh4M2KnEKdANnN6xoY69V0ylTLpTNpsrK+37EqVKxYKZjabtaFOJ546PWM/mw83W5bjAAI+CrjJEy+2t328Pe4JAQQQ8F7Am2DXrqd2KpWWh114UwCs3dLpjB3xU+hjQwABBBBAAAEE4iDgTbDT6Nzs+ay5f+++fYQq/N3RuKL5cL71Y9hyuWT7SeVrNz3K1VYulWt38zcCCCCAAAIIIBBZAa/esdP7cO+9867RpAm3TZ+cNu3er3Pntfq3VNoNfq2Osx8BBBBAAAEEEIiKgDfBThMdLsx9YFKppPn1b39jfbXvk1zOznj94ubNwM01e5YNAd8Ejh07Zh797pH55Ce+3Rn3gwACCPgv4M2j2I1b63YSxIfzH+/3mh6nnpo5bfQenXuXbv9gl3+kGh7RdlmM0xCIrcARFimObd/RcAQQQMCbEbudnd0JEgcmQexNitAkCD2WbdySyd136/Q+XiKT2T+s0T5tyVRyf1/jH0+fP2vc1fQ7I3tNWdiJAAIIIIAAAgELeDNiVxvQao0qlR37VevTNdtc2NP6d7VbsViwy6a0Kld7Ln8jgAACCCCAAAJREPAm2GlGrEKYfjFCo2/aNOr2ef6GHalzAa4RfXetu4xZy+fto1wd13p4+qhONgTGTWByctI82doat9vmfhFAAAEvBLwJduqNL25+aRcl1sxYPf7U7FiFvdqJEwp+Oqbg5rYry1ftpAv9SoWO6RcstEjxpcVFdwr/IjA2ApPJSfPy5cuxuV9uFAEEEPBJ4FC1Wq36dENRvBf3jl237+RF8R5o0/gIfPbpp+azT//W8P91fPqcO0UAAX8EvBqx86dbuBMEEEAAAQQQQKB3AYJd72aUQMBrAbfcCe/Zed3N3BwCCHgqQLDztGO5LQT6FZiamrJFd3Z2Z5T3Ww/lEEAAAQRGL0CwG705V0QAAQQQQAABBIYiQLAbCiuVIoAAAggggAACoxcg2I3enCsiEGmBib2fFNve3o50O2kcAggggMBBAYLdQRP2IDDWAsf23rF7QbAb6/8H3DwCCMRTgGAXz36j1QgggAACCCCAwAEBgt0BEnYggAACCCCAAALxFCDYxbPfaDUCQxU4evSo2foDvxc7VGQqRwABBIYgQLAbAipVIhB3gaOTk4Z17OLei7QfAQTGUYBgN469zj0jgAACCCCAgJcCQw92C7mceeO1102lUmkKeO7MWfP2m281PcZOBBBAAAEEEEAAge4Fhh7sum8KZyKAQFQEpr4zZX7/+HFUmkM7EEAAAQS6FCDYdQnFaQiMk4BbpHic7pl7RQABBHwQ6DvYFQsF+4h17UbeXJibs3/rkasevbIhgAACCCCAAAIIjF6g72DnmnptZcV8f/qkefr8mbl9944pFoo26Lnj/IsAAvEVYGZsfPuOliOAwHgKDBzsTp2eMR99PG/10pmMmc1mzebDTfupJdUECY3oNX408seGAALREjh+4oRt0JMt1rKLVs/QGgQQQKC9wMDBbnr6ZN0Vpk9O2++Nge3rb7+xo3oa2av9KAwGsbnZt43B0X3XI+NWW7lUqnucrDIaiWRDAAEEEEAAAQTiJHB40MYmEom6KpKplP2+s9N8eZO6kwP8cn111ZjV+gq1xIqWU1Eb3ahi/Rm73xZyF+0fepSsoPng3n1zeWnJLtFyZXm5WRH2IYAAAggggAACkRMYeNj5ecQAACAASURBVMSu8Y40+qVtYqI+8DWeN4rvCmc7lYq5vvp3LS+n9mp0UY+Q3eihHi/ro0fKbAiMo4B+eULbFo9ix7H7uWcEEIixwMDBrlisf0fOhSEXksKy0aibPrPns8aNIjZry6v2pusOp9MZ40Jf3QG+IDAGApN7we7lzs4Y3C23iAACCPgjMHCw07trG7fWrYiC1Of5vNF7du5du7Co1vJ5+wj2w/ndiR2t2lEu744wNoY/94i5XCq3Ksp+BBBAAAEEEEAgUgIDBzs9stxYX7ezXTWBQUHqi5s3Q71JjcLZx6vnszbcDdKY0t6j5UHqoCwCcRQ4cuSI2S5vx7HptBkBBBAYW4GBJ0/okaWduNCCsNmkhtpTNWEh6O3B/Xu2Sr03N8xNs2fZEPBV4NjUlNneJtj52r/cFwII+Ckw8IhdFFn0SFjv+DU+Xu2nram9Wb79lKUMAggggAACCCAwSoGBR+xG2dhurqXHsFrm5MOZmW5ON8nk7vIsmiiRqFlTT3VoS6aSLevRenzdbIzsdaPEOVEUYPJEFHuFNiGAAAKtBfoesdOImIJNu/XhWl92eEfcwsjdzsp1kzz0U2i1m2b7agJFt/XUluVvBHwQOPG9E+bJkyc+3Ar3gAACCIyNQN/BLqpCbpZrqs1IW23b9bhW4U2zaF0orF0qpfZc/kYAAQQQQAABBKIs4F2w0yNUjbS1er9OPxWmR6MKb267snzVKAjqVyp0TLN7Ndv30uKiO4V/ERhbgR3WshvbvufGEUAgfgKHqtVqNX7NjleL3Tt23b6TF6+7o7W+Cjx+9Mj8eDZrfrGxbo6fOOHrbXJfCCCAgFcC3o3YedU73AwCCCCAAAIIINCDAMGuByxORWAcBXgUO469zj0jgEBcBQh2ce052o3AkAXc49cnW1tDvhLVI4AAAggEJUCwC0qSehBAAAEEEEAAgZAFCHYhdwCXRyDKAvxebJR7h7YhgAACBwUIdgdN2IMAAnsC/F4s/xUQQACBeAkQ7OLVX7QWAQQQQAABBBBoKUCwa0nDAQQQmJycNEye4P8BAgggEB8Bgl18+oqWIjBygcnkpHn58uXIr8sFEUAAAQT6EyDY9edGKQTGSoC17Maqu7lZBBCIsQDBLsadR9MRGLYAa9kNW5j6EUAAgWAFCHbBelIbAggggAACCCAQmgDBLjR6LoxA9AW03Im2x48eRb+xtBABBBBAwBDs+E+AAAItBSYmJloe4wACCCCAQPQECHbR6xNahECkBI4ePWq2/sDvxUaqU2gMAggg0EKAYNcCht0IILArcHRy0jArlv8NCCCAQDwECHbx6CdaiUBoAnoc+2J7O7Trc2EEEEAAge4FCHbdW3EmAmMpMPWdKfPixYuxvHduGgEEEIibgHfBbuPWunnvnXfNG6+9bj8LuVzHPimXSubC3Nx+GZW9trLSsRwnIDAOAkf2JlDw02Lj0NvcIwIIxF3Aq2C3diNv1vJ5c33178zT58/M7bt3TLFQtKGtXUct5C6aSmXHnq9y11dXjQLi5aWldsU4hsBYCEztLXnCe3Zj0d3cJAIIxFzAm2BXqVTM5/m8mc1mTTqTsd2if/V98+Gm0ahcs037i4VCXblTp2eMPirHhsC4C2jyhLatLWbGjvv/Be4fAQSiL+BNsHtw775RuJs5PVOn/tHH83b0LplK1e13X1x4S2fSbpf9N53O2DCo0MeGwDgLTO4FOyZQjPP/Au4dAQTiIuBNsFOoSyQSplQq170v1+lxarm8O5LXGPxUl7ZyqRyXvqSdCAxN4NixY6xlNzRdKkYAAQSCE/Am2LmA9kkuZ2az5+0o3dffftPVO3btOEstHuG2K8MxBHwT0E+LMXnCt17lfhBAwEeBw77clEbs9Lm0uGjfj9N9adRN79hp1E6PXKdPTgd6u5o9y4bAOAgc/94J889ffWXDnfv92HG4b+4RAQQQiJuANyN2qb136BrDm3t3rt935Vy9cetY2otAkALHT5yw1X31y18GWS11IYAAAggELODNiN3ExO47cVq2pNnm3plrPJZM7k6q0OzYxN5sWp2j0T9tyVSyscj+dy2N0s3GyF43SpwTZQFNoPju8ePmq3/6pbn8059Guam0DQEEEBhrAW9G7NxI3b9uPqzrUK1jp80drztYs9+d544XiwX7KNctneL28y8C4yrw/r//kXn58qVh1G5c/wdw3wggEAcBb4KdXbPufNYuLOzWrNOo28b6upk9nzWNs15d52i/ymphY/e4Vkun6KNybAggsCvw/o9+ZI4ePWo++1+fQoIAAgggEFEBb4KdfK8sL5sP5+fNuTNn7c+Dvf3mW+bUzIzd7/z1U2F6NKrg5rYry1dNKpXcL6efIdMCxZqIwYYAAq8ENGqn341l1O6VCX8hgAACURI4VK1Wq1FqkI9tce/YdftOno8G3JMfAvpZsTOndhcBv/vgvpnY+x1ZP+6Ou0AAAQTiL+DViF38u4M7QCDaAgpyl//7T+2o3ZW//KtoN5bWIYAAAmMoQLAbw07nlhEYROAHP/yh+eP337fr2v3Fn/35IFVRFgEEEEAgYAFvljsJ2IXqEECgjcBf/8+/sUe1aLE2jeLxWLYNGIcQQACBEQkQ7EYEzWUQ8E2gNtzp58b0nV+l8K2XuR8EEIibAI9i49ZjtBeBCAkozK38zTWzvb1tzv/JrPn7n/0sQq2jKQgggMD4CRDsxq/PuWMEAhXQ+na3/nHD6Ncprv7V/zDvTp80jx89CvQaVIYAAggg0J0Awa47J85CAIE2AnoEq+VP/utP/5vRkig/ns3agKf17vSdDQEEEEBgNAKsYzcCZ9axGwEyl4iMgIKcAt0//J+f2WVR1LB/+4MfmOPfO2FOnDjBe3iR6SkaggACPgoQ7EbQqwS7ESBziUgK6JHsV//0S/toVr9Y4bbvHj9upr4zZWfSHj9xwu52/7pz+BcBBBBAoHcBgl3vZj2XINj1TEYBDwU0c/bRo0fmyR+27GSL3z9+3PIujx07Zo60+VWLE9/bDYMtK6g5oHqmpqZq9nT+k5DZ2YgzEEAgmgIEuxH0C8FuBMhcIpYCmk37Ynvbvoen4KdNj3K3/rD7d7ObermzY548edLsUGj7jh49ao5OTvZ0fTdi2UshvcvY63qB/ZTppU2ciwAC0RIg2I2gPwh2I0DmEgi0EHDhscXhA7sVLF3IPHCwxQ4F0V4niegaL1++bFFjuLs7jZg2a51mRU8mewu3/YymKtiyXmKzHmAfArsCBLsR/E8g2I0AmUsgMAYC/Swj00+ZR7/rfbmaKAdV/dfQe529bv2MqhJWe1Xm/KAFCHZBizapj2DXBIVdCCAw9gIKg72OdPY6AivkTo/3W3VEu/dAW5UZ5f5Rjazqnvp571SvJ2gkl220AgS7EXgT7EaAzCUQQACBCAj0E1b7efyvW+1nZFXvtNbOUI8AWV0Tjhw50vOjdi2QzvZKgGD3ymJofxHshkZLxQgggAACQxboN3hu6T3SHhco3y5v21nzvdwSwa5ei2BX7zGUbwS7obBSKQIIIIAAAgg0CPCTYg0gfEUAAQQQQAABBOIq4FWw23y4aTQ61vh5+8232vZPuVQyF+bm6spdW1lpW4aDCCCAAAIIIIBA1AQOR61Bg7SnWCjY4r/+7W9MMpXquqqF3EV77u27d0w6kzEP7t03l5eWTKVSMVeWl7uuhxMRQAABBBBAAIEwBbwasSuXSzbQ9RLqNFqnQDibzdpQp844dXrGfjQCyIYAAggggAACCMRFwKtgpyA2fXK6J3sX3tKZdF25dDpjXOirO8AXBBBAAAEEEEAgogLeBDs9NlUQ00fv1Ln37PRItd2mUT5tjaN8iUTC7i+Xyu2KcwwBBBBAAAEEEIiMgDfBrlgoWtSJRMJ8/e035unzZ/ajoKeJEf1updJu8Ou3POUQQAABBBBAAIFRCXgzeUKPYBXmGrdTM6ftRIiNW+tm9ny28fBA3936dANVQmEEEEAAAQQQQCAgAW9G7Fp5uHfn3CPXVue12p/qYXZtqzrYjwACCCCAAAIIjELAmxG7TlgTE7vvzDWel0zuLouiR7aJTGb/sN7Z05ZMJff3Nf7RbISw8Rx9Z2SvmQr7EEAAAQQQQCBoAW9G7NZu5G2AcrNcHZR7967VbFm33523X65YMJpAoXXt2BBAAAEEEEAAgTgIeBPs9P6cZrZ+nr+x765Rtwf379l361oFNJXRsbV83q5np8JaoFifoN/J228YfyCAAAIIIIAAAkMQ8CbYaXTt5ze/NJoV65Y6+TfvvGu+P32y7tcj9FNhOq7g5rYry1dNKpU0586ctccWcjm7QPGlxUV3Cv8igAACCCCAAAKRFzhUrVarkW9lzBvo3rHr9p28mN8uzUcAAQQQQACBkAS8GbELyY/LIoAAAggggAACkREg2EWmK2gIAggggAACCCAwmADBbjA/SiOAAAIIIIAAApERINhFpitoCAIIIIAAAgggMJgAwW4wP0ojgAACCCCAAAKRESDYRaYraAgCCCCAAAIIIDCYAMFuMD9KI4AAAggggAACkREg2EWmK2gIAggggAACCCAwmADBbjA/SiOAAAIIIIAAApERINhFpitoCAIIIIAAAgggMJgAwW4wP0ojgAACCCCAAAKRESDYRaYraAgCCCCAAAIIIDCYAMFuMD9KI4AAAggggAACkREg2EWmK2gIAggggAACCCAwmADBbjA/SiOAAAIIIIAAApERINhFpitoCAIIIIAAAgggMJgAwW4wP0ojgAACCCCAAAKRESDYRaYraAgCCCCAAAIIIDCYgNfB7tyZs0afTlu5VDIX5ubMG6+9vv+5trLSqRjHEUAAAQQQQACBSAl4G+zWbuRNsVDoCnshd9FUKjvm9t075unzZ+b66qrZuLVuLi8tdVWekxBAAAEEEEAAgSgIeBnsNh9uGo24JRKJjsYarVMAnM1mTTqTseefOj1j9FE9bAgggAACCCCAQFwEvAt2lUrFjrTNns+aZCrVsR9ceEtn0nXnptMZ40Jf3QG+IIAAAggggAACERXwLti5kbory8tdkZfLJXteYwh0o33lUrmrejgJAQQQQAABBBAIW+Bw2A0I8vp6L06fL27eDKzaUmk3+AVWIRUhgAACCCCAAAJDEvAm2OmxqUbrLi0umumT00Piqq9Ws2jZEEAAAQQQQACBqAh48yhWM1j1ntxHH88Hapvq4j29QC9IZQgggAACCCCAQJ8CXozYaVarmwTRbBRN+7SEiWa6Nm7J5O4EC434JfZmxeocTcLQlkwlG4vsf9fSKN1szdrUTTnOQQABBBBAAAEEehHwIthpmZJmIcstTqz16Vpt7rFtsVDcX+5E5xaLBbtcilsCpVV59iOAAAIIIIAAAlER8OZRbL+gmg2r8LaWf7Wg8YN7940+WjKFDQEEEEAAAQQQiIvA2AU7TbDQo1EFN7ddWb5qUqmk/fkxHVvI5exjW03EYEMAAQQQQAABBOIicKharVbj0ti4ttO9Y9fscXFc74l2I4AAAggggED0BMZuxC56XUCLEEAAAQQQQACBYAQIdsE4UgsCCCCAAAIIIBC6AMEu9C6gAQgggAACCCCAQDACBLtgHKkFAQQQQAABBBAIXYBgF3oX0AAEEEAAAQQQQCAYAYJdMI7UggACCCCAAAIIhC5AsAu9C2gAAggggAACCCAQjADBLhhHakEAAQQQQAABBEIXINiF3gU0AAEEEEAAAQQQCEaAYBeMI7UggAACCCCAAAKhCxDsQu8CGoAAAggggAACCAQjQLALxpFaEEAAAQQQQACB0AUIdqF3AQ1AAAEEEEAAAQSCESDYBeNILQgggAACCCCAQOgCBLvQu4AGIIAAAggggAACwQgQ7IJxpBYEEEAAAQQQQCB0AYJd6F1AAxBAAAEEEEAAgWAECHbBOFILAggggAACCCAQuoBXwa5SqZiFXM688drr9vPeO++ajVvrHZHLpZK5MDe3X07lr62sdCzHCQgggAACCCCAQJQEDkepMYO25cLcB7aKX//2NyaZSpm1G3lzeWnJ7ps9n21Z/ULuoj12++4dk85kzIN79205BcUry8sty3EAAQQQQAABBBCIkoA3I3YKY8VCwVxaXLShTsgffTxv/95Ybz1qp9E6lZvNZm2oU7lTp2fsZ/PhZpT6irYggAACCCCAAAJtBbwJdgpjT58/M9Mnp9vecONBF97SmXTdoXQ6Y1zoqzvAFwQQQAABBBBAIKIC3gS7Zr56DKtwptG4Vlu5XLKH9Oi2dkskEvZruVSu3c3fCCCAAAIIIIBAZAW8esfOKWvig96v06YRPI3m9buVSrvBr9/ylEMAAQQQQAABBEYl4GWw03t2+mjygyZUnDtz1mhihBuFCwpXs2fZEEAAAQQQQACBqAh4/ShWQU6PYfU4VpMr+tlSDY9o+6mDMggggAACCCCAwCgEvByxq4Vzo3QavWu2JZO779Yp/CUymf1T3PnJVHJ/X+MfmqzRzcbIXjdKnIMAAggggAACgwp4M2Knd+oUoLR0Se3mAlqrkTc3i7ZYKNYWM8ViwT661bp2bAgggAACCCCAQBwEvAl2WoDYLkqc3500IXyNwmkNu3YTKFRG4W0tn98PhXpsq0+7RY3j0Lm0EQEEEEAAAQTGS8CbYKdHrj+/+aXtPY3c6aNJE6dmZswXN2/u96pmzOpY7Tt3V5avmlQqac/XMf0smWbSagIGGwIIIIAAAgggEBeBQ9VqtRqXxsa1nQqL2rp9Jy+u90m7EUAAAQQQQCBcAW9G7MJl5OoIIIAAAggggED4AgS78PuAFiCAAAIIIIAAAoEIEOwCYaQSBBBAAAEEEEAgfAGCXfh9QAsQQAABBBBAAIFABAh2gTBSCQIIIIAAAgggEL4AwS78PqAFCCCAAAIIIIBAIAIEu0AYqQQBBBBAAAEEEAhfgGAXfh/QAgQQQAABBBBAIBABgl0gjFSCAAIIIIAAAgiEL0CwC78PaAECCCCAAAIIIBCIAMEuEEYqQQABBBBAAAEEwhcg2IXfB7QAAQQQQAABBBAIRIBgFwgjlSCAAAIIIIAAAuELEOzC7wNagAACCCCAAAIIBCJAsAuEkUoQQAABBBBAAIHwBQh24fcBLUAAAQQQQAABBAIRINgFwkglCCCAAAIIIIBA+AIEu/D7gBYggAACCCCAAAKBCHgV7IqFgrkwN2feeO31/c+1lZWOUOVSqa9yHSvmBAQQQAABBBBAYIQC3gS73XD2gaX7+ttvzNPnz8z11VWzcWvdhrZ2pgu5i6ZS2TG3796pK3d5aaldMY4hgAACCCCAAAKREvAm2G2sr5tKpWKuLC+bRCJhkU+dnjEfzs+bzYebRqN5zTYFQh2bzWZNOpPZL6eyKseGAAIIIIAAAgjERcCbYHdpcdGOtiVTqab25VK56X4X3tKZdN3xdDpjXOirO8AXBBBAAAEEEEAgogLeBLtWvuVyyR5qDG7ufHe8MRC6Ub9WgdCV518EEEAAAQQQQCAqAl4HO424Pbh33+ixamNw67YDSqXdYNjt+ZyHAAIIIIAAAgiEJXA4rAsP+7p6306TIhTo9N7dMDbNvmVDAAEEEEAAAQSiIuBtsPskl7OTKX5+88v9yRT9oKdavLPXT12UQQABBBBAAAEEhingXbDT41ctU1IqlY1CXadHsMnk7mQLlUvszYoVuEb8tCVTyZb+WlKlm42RvW6UOAcBBBBAAAEEBhXw6h07rVn33jvv7q9J1ynUCW/65LQ1LBaKdZbFYsGO9LklUOoO8gUBBBBAAAEEEIiggDfBTqFOI3UKYl/08PhV4U9l1vL5/bXuNOFCn9nz2Qh2GU1CAAEEEEAAAQSaC/gT7NbX7R1qseG333xr/yfF3M+Lrd3I2+P6iTHtU3Bz25XlqyaVSppzZ87aYwu5nJ1Jq7Xx2BBAAAEEEEAAgbgIHKpWq9W4NDau7XTv2HX7Tl5c75N2I4AAAggggEC4At6M2IXLyNURQAABBBBAAIHwBQh24fcBLUAAAQQQQAABBAIRINgFwkglCCCAAAIIIIBA+AIEu/D7gBYggAACCCCAAAKBCBDsAmGkEgQQQAABBBBAIHwBgl34fUALEEAAAQQQQACBQAQIdoEwUgkCCCCAAAIIIBC+AMEu/D6gBQgggAACCCCAQCACBLtAGKkEAQQQQAABBBAIX4BgF34f0AIEEEAAAQQQQCAQAYJdIIxUggACCCCAAAIIhC9AsAu/D2gBAggggAACCCAQiADBLhBGKkEAAQQQQAABBMIXINiF3we0AAEEEEAAAQQQCESAYBcII5UggAACCCCAAALhCxDswu8DWoAAAggggAACCAQiQLALhJFKEEAAAQQQQACB8AUIduH3AS1AAAEEEEAAAQQCEfA22G0+3DRvvPa6KRYKHaHKpZK5MDdnz1cZfa6trHQsxwkIIIAAAggggECUBLwMdgpzn+RyXTsv5C6aSmXH3L57xzx9/sxcX101G7fWzeWlpa7r4EQEEEAAAQQQQCBsAe+CnUba9Plwfr4rW43WKQjOZrMmncnYMqdOzxh9NOrHhgACCCCAAAIIxEXAq2C3diNvw9hnq6td+7vwls6k68qk0xnjQl/dAb4ggAACCCCAAAIRFfAq2E2fnLaPUxOJRNfc5XLJnptMperKuDrKpXLdfr4ggAACCCCAAAJRFfAq2LlHqUFil0q7wS/IOqkLAQQQQAABBBAYhsDhYVQ6LnVq9iwbAggggAACCCAQFQGvRuyGgZpqeEQ7jGtQJwIIIIAAAgggEITA2I/YJZO779ZpokRib1asYCuVivVNppItnbU0SjcbI3vdKHEOAggggAACCAwqMPYjdppwoa1YKNZZFosFowkUw3hvr+5CfEEAAQQQQAABBAISGPtgp9mwCm9r+fz+r1Q8uHff6DN7PhsQM9UggAACCCCAAALDFxi7YKfFi/VoVMHNbVeWr5pUKmnOnTlrjy3kcnaB4kuLi+4U/kUAAQQQQAABBCIvcKharVYj38qYN9C9Y9ftO3kxv12ajwACCCCAAAIhCYzdiF1IzlwWAQQQQAABBBAYugDBbujEXAABBBBAAAEEEBiNAMFuNM5cBQEEEEAAAQQQGLoAwW7oxFwAAQQQQAABBBAYjQDBbjTOXAUBBBBAAAEEEBi6AMFu6MRcAAEEEEAAAQQQGI0AwW40zlwFAQQQQAABBBAYugDBbujEXAABBBBAAAEEEBiNAMFuNM5cBQEEEEAAAQQQGLoAwW7oxFwAAQQQQAABBBAYjQDBbjTOXAUBBBBAAAEEEBi6AMFu6MRcAAEEEEAAAQQQGI0AwW40zlwFAQQQQAABBBAYugDBbujEXAABBBBAAAEEEBiNAMFuNM5cBQEEEEAAAQQQGLoAwW7oxFwAAQQQQAABBBAYjQDBbjTOXAUBBBBAAAEEEBi6AMFu6MRcAAEEEEAAAQQQGI2AV8GuXCqZC3Nz5o3XXt//XFtZ6SjZb7mOFXMCAggggAACCCAwQgGvgt1C7qKpVHbM7bt3zNPnz8z11VWzcWvdXF5aakvab7m2lXIQAQQQQAABBBAYsYA3wU6jbsVCwcxmsyadyVjGU6dnjD6bDzdbsvZbrmWFHEAAAQQQQAABBEIS8CbYufCWzqTrKNPpjHHhre7A3pd+yzWri30IIIAAAggggECYAt4Eu3K5ZB2TqVSdZyKRsN/LpXLdfvel33KuPP8igAACCCCAAAJREfAm2HUCLZV2g1+n8xqP91uusR6+I4AAAggggAACwxY4POwL+Fy/Zt/2svV6fi91cy4CCCCAAAIIxE9Akz2D3MZmxC7V8Ii2W8R+y3VbP+chgAACCCCAAAJBCXgzYpdM7r5bp4kSib1ZsUKqVCrWKplKNjXrt5wqCzplN20gOxFAAAEEEEAAgS4FvBmxmz45bW+5WCjW3XqxWDCaQOGWQKk7aIzpt1xjPXxHAAEEEEAAAQTCFvAm2Gk2rMLbWj5v17MT7IN79+1n9ny2pXO/5VpWyAEEEEAAAQQQQCAkgUPVarUa0rUDv6wWKNZPiLm16XQBhbory8v719LxtRt5+6sUWrxYWzfl9ivgDwQQQAABBBBAIKICXgW7iBrTLAQQQAABBBBAYCQC3jyKHYkWF0EAAQRiJqDfy9ZSS/p0+t3smN0azUUAgSYCBLsmKOxCAAEEfBDQqgB6/eT23Tvm62+/sa+p6N1jNgQQ8FfAm+VO/O0i7gwBBBDoT0ArAijQadNSUDuVimm19FN/V6AUAghETYARu6j1CO1BwGOBC3Nz5r133m17hxphevvNt9qe4w5qIpQeMWoCVBy2c2fO2pn6o26rnOSuVQAaf0971G3hegggMFwBgt1wfakdAQRqBGaz5+3IUe3M9ZrD9k+9E9ZuiaLG8+PyXSNm+rjZ+KNs90cfz9sF1bVu5+f5/CgvzbUQQGDEAgS7EYNzOQTGWUChRiNGG+u3mjIo1Om9sFMzu0sRNT0ppjsVZtOZ9EhbL0uNaCpQapuYSIz0+lwMAQRGL0CwG705V0RgrAVms1nzrw8393/urxbjwf179tdg3C/FKOjp8aWb1alHue1e/l/I5Q48xnXhRo94temxrerT40nV5+pWWQUg/ev26bjK126qxx139dQeb/W37u3UzOlWh+1+98jU1e/arIPusXPjOfque6q9F1dO79hpHU89hlWdD+7fNx/Oz7dtAwcRQCDeAgS7ePcfrUcgdgLuMatCW+2mcKJRLT2u1abjWp5Do1z6XWb328wKXu0e5dbW2e5vPZLUtVSvwo8CowJQOp2x+zSTVD9R6EKS6lJ4Uruur67ac/Sv6ulmGRHV5X7CsFm7FNB0rZnTM/t1u3215yuc/fzml/YcWarMhbkP9u/l0uKiDYHOV+c4P92Twh4bAgj4K0Cw87dvuTMEIimgYPH9k9N2rsIgmwAAAs1JREFU9Ki2gQosekzr3kHTzwNq5K72l2O+uHnTnlMbtmrr6OVvXcddS+FH7VLw0vto2nRthUoXIhWU9LdGvFw5/avvOtZuAodCY6eJCwqIOkfBTJvqVntcQLM79Ws62aw9z56zNwJY2ya1X/ei38lmQwCB8RMg2I1fn3PHCIQuoJEyN0LnGnP/3n0bWvRdx+xEgybv2insuOOubD//JpOpA8UmGkaz9F1LhGhzQUkjarWbG4VzAbD2mPt7c/Nh2/cGVVaPfF1drpyCrFuuxO2rfU8vkZhwuw/82/gI+cAJ7EAAAS8FWMfOy27lphCItoACjEbE3Dt1GtFSgHKPaculcssbcI8SRx1c3PVaLdeys1P/Ll7tDSi4XVlu/X6dC4/u3mrL8jcCCCDQiwDBrhctzkUAgcAENPNVjx/1qFWzZPV41gWbdovouoClx5bGbAbWnk4VubZpBM393amMjruRvMbRuNqybqTQ3VvtMf5GAAEEehHgUWwvWpyLAAKBCbh32TRBQOHHTZrQBTSap+Cm9+4aN52rY92GK01aCGLTpAptmtFbu2m00c44bfFTXXps3C7UqS4d1/24EOjq16QM1d243x3nXwQQQKBRgGDXKMJ3BBAYmYAevWrUTkGuMfx8ND9v36WrnXGqWal69652QkVtYxW+NOqlsKhN5wYx0UJ1qa1q51+vrOwvuaLQpu9qu5tQUdse/a1wOj19snH3ge+aAKH2urarboVG1d1oc6AwOxBAAIE9AR7F8l8BAQRCE9DjWAWZD5tMknDv222sr9tRKzVSAUdLjLQKOm4UUGFOH43saRapQlIQm5YLUb1acsXkdmtUO1sFTQU1fVqFvto2ubbrfl0YbVd3bVn+RgABBJzAoWq1WnVf+BcBBBBAAAEEEEAgvgI8io1v39FyBBBAAAEEEECgToBgV8fBFwQQQAABBBBAIL4C/x80Iy0Z2IN3aAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></p>
<p>A. Thymol blue (p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> = 1.5)<br>B. Methyl orange (p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> = 3.7)<br>C. Bromophenol blue (p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> = 4.2)<br>D. Phenolphthalein (p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> = 9.6)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A buffer is produced by mixing 20.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.10 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> ethanoic acid, CH<sub>3</sub>COOH(aq), with 0.10 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq).</p>
<p>What is the volume of NaOH required and the pH of the buffer?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The forward reaction of this equilibrium is endothermic.</p>
<p>\[{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(l)}} \rightleftharpoons {{\text{H}}^{\text{ + }}}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{(aq) }} {K_w} = 1.0 \times {10^{ - 14}}{\text{ at 25 }}^\circ {\text{C}}\]</p>
<p>What is correct about water at 50 °C?</p>
<p>A. \({\text{[}}{{\text{H}}^{\text{ + }}}{\text{]}} > {\text{[O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{]}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({\text{[}}{{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{]}} < {\text{[O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{]}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({\text{pH}} < {\text{7.0}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({\text{pH}} = {\text{7.0}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which indicator would be the most appropriate for titrating aqueous ethylamine, \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\), with nitric acid, \({\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\)?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Bromophenol blue \({\text{(p}}{K_{\text{a}}} = {\text{ }}4{\text{.}}1)\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Bromothymol blue \({\text{(p}}{K_{\text{a}}} = {\text{ }}7{\text{.}}3)\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Phenol red \({\text{(p}}{K_{\text{a}}} = {\text{ }}8{\text{.}}0)\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Thymolphthalein \({\text{(p}}{K_{\text{a}}} = {\text{ }}10{\text{.}}0)\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which mixture of solutions can be used to prepare a buffer solution?</p>
<p>A. \({\text{50.0 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}{\text{ 0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ HCl}}\) and \({\text{100.0 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}{\text{ 0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({\text{50.0 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}{\text{ 0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ HCl}}\) and \({\text{50.0 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}{\text{ 0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({\text{50.0 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}{\text{ 0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ HCl}}\) and \({\text{100.0 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}{\text{ 0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{Cl}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({\text{50.0 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}{\text{ 0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ HCl}}\) and \({\text{50.0 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}{\text{ 0.100 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{Cl}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">An equal amount of each of the following salts is added separately to the same volume of water.</p>
<p class="p1">Which salt will have the greatest effect on the pH of water?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Al(N}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{N}}{{\text{a}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>RbCl</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>KBr</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which compound forms an acidic solution when dissolved in water?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{FeC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{3}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{NaN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{N}}{{\text{a}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which compounds can be mixed together as aqueous solutions of equal volume and concentration to form an acidic buffer solution?</p>
<p>A. Sodium hydrogensulfate and sulfuric acid</p>
<p>B. Sodium propanoate and propanoic acid</p>
<p>C. Ammonium chloride and ammonia solution</p>
<p>D. Sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which statements about an acid–base indicator are correct?</p>
<p>I. It can be a weak acid.</p>
<p>II. It is a substance in which the conjugate acid/base pair are different colours.</p>
<p>III. It can be a weak base.</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
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<p>Which titration curve would occur when a weak acid is added to a strong base?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" 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