File "HL-paper1.html"
Path: /IB QUESTIONBANKS/4 Fourth Edition - PAPER/HTML/Chemistry/Topic 15/HL-paper1html
File size: 137.86 KB
MIME-type: text/html
Charset: utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>IB Questionbank</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/application-746ec5d03ead8d9e8b3bb7d32173f2b4e2e22a05f0c5278e086ab55b3c9c238e.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="css/print-6da094505524acaa25ea39a4dd5d6130a436fc43336c0bb89199951b860e98e9.css">
<script src="js/application-3c91afd8a2942c18d21ed2700e1bdec14ada97f1d3788ae229315e1276d81453.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML-full"></script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js'></script>
<![endif]-->
<meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token">
<meta name="csrf-token" content="iHF+M3VlRFlNEehLVICYgYgqiF8jIFlzjGNjIwqOK9cFH3ZNdavBJrv/YQpz8vcspoICfQcFHW8kSsHnJsBwfg==">
<link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon">
</head>
<body class="teacher questions-show">
<div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container">
<div class="brand">
<div class="inner"><a href="http://ibo.org/">ibo.org</a></div>
</div>
<ul class="nav">
<li>
<a href="../../index.html">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="active dropdown">
<a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
Questionbanks
<b class="caret"></b>
</a><ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>
<a href="../../geography.html" target="_blank">DP Geography</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../physics.html" target="_blank">DP Physics</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../chemistry.html" target="_blank">DP Chemistry</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../biology.html" target="_blank">DP Biology</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../furtherMath.html" target="_blank">DP Further Mathematics HL</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../mathHL.html" target="_blank">DP Mathematics HL</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../mathSL.html" target="_blank">DP Mathematics SL</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../mathStudies.html" target="_blank">DP Mathematical Studies</a>
</li>
</ul></li>
<!-- - if current_user.is_language_services? && !current_user.is_publishing? -->
<!-- %li= link_to "Language services", tolk_path -->
</ul>
<ul class="nav pull-right">
<li>
<a href="https://06082010.xyz">IB Documents (2) Team</a>
</li></ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-content container">
<div class="row">
<div class="span24">
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-header">
<div class="row">
<div class="span16">
<p class="back-to-list">
</p>
</div>
<div class="span8" style="margin: 0 0 -19px 0;">
<img style="width: 100%;" class="qb_logo" src="images/logo.jpg" alt="Ib qb 46 logo">
</div>
</div>
</div><h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>In which reaction will the entropy of the system increase significantly?</p>
<p>A. \({\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_3}{\text{(s)}} \to {\text{CaO(s)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(g)}} \to {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({\text{HCl(g)}} + {\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_4}{\text{Cl(s)}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({\text{NaOH(aq)}} + {\text{HCl(aq)}} \to {\text{NaCl(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Consider the values of \(\Delta {H^\Theta }\) and \(\Delta {S^\Theta }\) À for the reaction of nitrogen with oxygen at 298 K.</p>
<p> \({{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{2NO(g)}}\) \(\Delta {H^\Theta } = + 181{\text{ kJ}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}\)</p>
<p> \(\Delta {S^\Theta } = + 25{\text{ J}}\,{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}\)</p>
<p>Which statement is correct for this reaction?</p>
<p>A. \(\Delta {G^\Theta }\) is positive at all temperatures.</p>
<p>B. \(\Delta {G^\Theta }\) is negative at all temperatures.</p>
<p>C. \(\Delta {G^\Theta }\) is positive at high temperatures.</p>
<p>D. \(\Delta {G^\Theta }\) is positive at low temperatures.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the standard enthalpy of formation, in kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>, of IF (g)?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">IF<sub>7</sub> (g) + I<sub>2</sub> (s) → IF<sub>5</sub> (g) + 2IF (g) <em>ΔH\(^\theta \)</em> = –89 kJ</p>
<p><em>ΔH</em>\(_f^\theta \) (IF<sub>7</sub>) = –941 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p><em>ΔH</em>\(_f^\theta \) (IF<sub>5</sub>) = –840 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p>A. –190</p>
<p>B. –95</p>
<p>C. +6</p>
<p>D. +95</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which is a correct definition of lattice enthalpy?</p>
<p class="p1">A. It is the enthalpy change that occurs when an electron is removed from 1 mol of gaseous atoms.</p>
<p class="p1">B. It is the enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mol of a compound is formed from its elements.</p>
<p class="p1">C. It is the enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mol of solid crystal changes into a liquid.</p>
<p class="p1">D. It is the enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mol of solid crystal is formed from its gaseous ions.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which equation corresponds to the lattice enthalpy for silver iodide, AgI?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{AgI(s)}} \to {\text{Ag(s)}} + {\text{I(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{AgI(s)}} \to {\text{Ag(s)}} + \frac{1}{2}{{\text{I}}_2}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{AgI(s)}} \to {\text{A}}{{\text{g}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{I}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{AgI(s)}} \to {\text{A}}{{\text{g}}^ + }{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{I}}^ - }{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which reaction has the largest increase in entropy?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({{\text{H}}_2}({\text{g)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_2}({\text{g)}} \to {\text{2HCl(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_3}{\text{(s)}} + {\text{NaOH(aq)}} \to {\text{Al(OH)}}_4^ - {\text{(aq)}} + {\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{N}}{{\text{a}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_3}({\text{s)}} + 2{\text{HCl(aq)}} \to {\text{2NaCl(aq)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}({\text{g)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{BaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}({\text{aq)}} + {\text{N}}{{\text{a}}_2}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_4}({\text{aq)}} \to {\text{BaS}}{{\text{O}}_4}({\text{s)}} + 2{\text{NaCl(aq)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which reaction has the greatest increase in entropy?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{S(g)}} \to {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} + {\text{3S(s)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{CaO(s)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_3}{\text{(s)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Ca}}{{\text{C}}_2}{\text{(s)}} + {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} \to {\text{Ca(OH}}{{\text{)}}_2}{\text{(s)}} + {{\text{C}}_2}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({{\text{N}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{2NO(g)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which equation represents enthalpy of hydration?</p>
<p>A. Na(g) → Na<sup>+</sup>(aq) + e<sup>−</sup></p>
<p>B. Na<sup>+</sup>(g) → Na<sup>+</sup>(aq)</p>
<p>C. NaCl(s) → Na<sup>+</sup>(g) + Cl<sup>−</sup>(g)</p>
<p>D. NaCl(s) → Na<sup>+</sup>(aq) + Cl<sup>−</sup>(aq)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which ionic compound has the most endothermic lattice enthalpy?</p>
<p class="p1">A. NaCl</p>
<p class="p1">B. KCl</p>
<p class="p1">C. NaF</p>
<p class="p1">D. KF</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which statement is correct?</p>
<p>A. If Δ<em>H </em>< 0, reaction is always spontaneous.</p>
<p>B. If Δ<em>H </em>> 0, reaction is never spontaneous.</p>
<p>C. If Δ<em>S </em>< 0, reaction can be spontaneous if temperature is low enough.</p>
<p>D. If Δ<em>S </em>< 0, reaction can be spontaneous if temperature is high enough.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which step(s) is/are endothermic in the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of LiCl?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(\frac{1}{2}{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{Cl(g)}}\) <strong>and</strong> \({\text{Li(s)}} \to {\text{Li(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Cl(g)}} + {{\text{e}}^ - } \to {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(g)}}\) <strong>and</strong> \({\text{Li(g)}} \to {\text{L}}{{\text{i}}^ + }{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{e}}^ - }\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{L}}{{\text{i}}^ + }{\text{(g)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{LiCl(s)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(\frac{1}{2}{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{Cl(g)}}\) <strong>and</strong> \({\text{Cl(g)}} + {{\text{e}}^ - } \to {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which ion’s hydration energy is the most exothermic?</p>
<p>A. Li<sup>+</sup></p>
<p>B. Na<sup>+</sup></p>
<p>C. Br<sup>–</sup></p>
<p>D. I<sup>–</sup></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which value represents the lattice enthalpy, in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, of strontium chloride, SrCl<sub>2</sub>?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-08_om_11.13.49.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/16"></p>
<p>A. – (–829) + 164 + 243 + 550 + 1064 – (–698)</p>
<p>B. –829 + 164 + 243 + 550 + 1064 – 698</p>
<p>C. – (–829) + 164 + 243 + 550 + 1064 – 698</p>
<p>D. –829 + 164 + 243 + 550 + 1064 – (–698)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which change will <span class="s1"><strong>not </strong></span>increase the entropy of a system?</p>
<p class="p1">A. Increasing the temperature</p>
<p class="p1">B. Changing the state from liquid to gas</p>
<p class="p1">C. Mixing different types of particles</p>
<p class="p1">D. A reaction where four moles of gaseous reactants changes to two moles of gaseous products</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which reaction has the greatest increase in entropy?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({{\text{C}}_3}{{\text{H}}_8}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{5}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{3C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{4}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({{\text{H}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{2HCl(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({{\text{N}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{3}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{2N}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({{\text{C}}_2}{{\text{H}}_4}{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {{\text{C}}_2}{{\text{H}}_6}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which combination of \(\Delta H\) and \(\Delta S\) signs will always result in a spontaneous reaction at all temperatures?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-24_om_13.57.34.png" alt="N13/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/19"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which compound has the most positive lattice enthalpy of dissociation?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>NaCl</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>NaBr</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{MgB}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<div class="page" title="Page 3">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 4">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 5">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 5">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 6">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 6">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 7">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 7">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p style="display: inline !important;">Which transition represents an enthalpy of hydration?</p>
<p style="display: inline !important;"> </p>
<p style="display: inline !important;"> </p>
</div>
<div class="column"> </div>
<div class="column">A. 2H<sub>2</sub>O (l) → H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> (aq) + OH<sup>−</sup> (aq)</div>
<div class="column">B. NaCl (s) → Na<sup>+</sup> (aq) + Cl<sup>−</sup> (aq)<br>C. K<sup>+(</sup>s)→K<sup>+</sup>(aq)<br>D. K<sup>+</sup>(g)→K<sup>+</sup>(aq)</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">Which combination of \(\Delta H\)</span> <span class="s1">and \(\Delta S\)</span> values corresponds to a non-spontaneous reaction at all temperatures?</p>
<p class="p1"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-01_om_18.10.25.png" alt="M15/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/18"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which reactions/processes have a positive entropy change, \(\Delta {S^\Theta }\)?</p>
<p class="p1">I. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{NaCl(s)}} \to {\text{NaCl(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">II. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{N}}{{\text{a}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_3}{\text{(s)}} + {\text{2HCl(aq)}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{2NaCl(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">III. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{AgN}}{{\text{O}}_3}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{NaCl(aq)}} \to {\text{AgCl(s)}} + {\text{NaN}}{{\text{O}}_3}{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and II only</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and III only</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>II and III only</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which change leads to an increase in entropy?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(s)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{S}}{{\text{F}}_6}({\text{g)}} \to {\text{S}}{{\text{F}}_6}({\text{l)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} \to {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(s)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{NaCl(s)}} \to {\text{NaCl(aq)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which ionic compound has the most endothermic lattice enthalpy?</p>
<p>A. Sodium chloride</p>
<p>B. Sodium oxide</p>
<p>C. Magnesium chloride</p>
<p>D. Magnesium oxide</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which factors will increase the entropy of this system?</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(s)}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{CaO(s)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}}\]</p>
<p class="p1">I. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Increasing the temperature without changing the volume of the container.</p>
<p class="p1">II. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Decreasing the concentration of the gas without changing the volume of the container.</p>
<p class="p1">III. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Increasing the pressure without changing the volume of the container.</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and II only</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and III only</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>II and III only</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which system has the most negative entropy change, Δ<em>S</em>, for the forward reaction?</p>
<p>A. N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g) \( \rightleftharpoons \) 2NH<sub>3</sub>(g)</p>
<p>B. CaCO<sub>3</sub>(s) → CaO(s) + CO<sub>2</sub>(g)</p>
<p>C. 2S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>(aq) + I<sub>2</sub>(aq) → S<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup>(aq) + 2I<sup>–</sup>(aq)</p>
<p>D. H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → H<sub>2</sub>O(g)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which change <strong>must</strong> be negative when a reaction occurs spontaneously?</p>
<p>A. \(\Delta H\)</p>
<p>B. \(\Delta G\)</p>
<p>C. \(\Delta S\)</p>
<p>D. \(\Delta T\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which statements are correct for ionic compounds?</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">I. Lattice energy increases as ionic radii increase.<br>II. Within the same group, the melting point of salts tends to decrease as the radius of the cation increases.<br>III. Solubility in water depends on the relative magnitude of the lattice energy compared to the hydration energy.</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which processes have a negative value for \(\Delta {S^\Theta }\)?</p>
<p>I. \({{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(l)}} \to {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(s)}}\)</p>
<p>II. \({\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(l)}} \to {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(l)}} + {{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p>III. \({\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(g)}}\)</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which processes are predicted to have a positive entropy change, \(\Delta S\)?</p>
<p>I. \({{\text{I}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {{\text{I}}_2}{\text{(s)}}\)</p>
<p>II. \({\text{4N}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{5}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{4NO(g)}} + {\text{6}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(g)}}\)</p>
<p>III. \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{OH(l)}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{OH(g)}}\)</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which equation represents the lattice enthalpy of magnesium sulfide?</p>
<p>A. MgS (s) → Mg (g) + S (g)</p>
<p>B. MgS (s) → Mg<sup>+</sup> (g) + S<sup>–</sup> (g)</p>
<p>C. MgS (s) → Mg<sup>2+</sup> (g) + S<sup>2–</sup> (g)</p>
<p>D. MgS (s) → Mg (s) + S (s)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which equation represents the second electron affinity of oxygen?</p>
<p>A. \(\frac{1}{2}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{2}}{{\text{e}}^ - } \to {{\text{O}}^{2 - }}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({\text{O(g)}} + {\text{2}}{{\text{e}}^ - } \to {{\text{O}}^{2 - }}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{4}}{{\text{e}}^ - } \to {\text{2}}{{\text{O}}^{2 - }}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({{\text{O}}^ - }{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{e}}^ - } \to {{\text{O}}^{2 - }}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which combinations of values will result in a spontaneous reaction?</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-02_om_08.06.44.png" alt="M15/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/18"></p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and II only</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I and III only</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>II and III only</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<div class="page" title="Page 3">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 4">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 5">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 5">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 6">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 6">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 7">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 7">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 8">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p>What are the signs for the entropy changes associated with this reaction?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">H<sub>2</sub>O(g) → H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA2cAAADhCAYAAABMSs09AAAgAElEQVR4Ae3dC3RU5b338R8wCUMdsIkNlhEjEtGURNscLykUX4wHEioG4eVVQdsGqIZaG7FEqjlQjCw4WV7ACwIVq8KxNGqbEoO2JqBopYZ4sJFDAhGFQyMO1RQiMJhJMpJ3zSU795CZJMwk881arHn23s/l/3x2mJ3/7MsMaGhoaBA/CCCAAAIIIIAAAggggAACARUYGNDRGRwBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQMAtQHLGLwICCCCAAAIIIIAAAgggEAQCJGdBsBMIAQEEEEAAAQQQQAABBBAgOeN3AAEEEEAAAQQQQAABBBAIAgGSsyDYCYSAAAIIIIAAAggggAACCJCc8TuAAAIIIIAAAggggAACCASBAMlZEOwEQkAAAQQQQAABBBBAAAEESM74HUAAAQQQQAABBBBAAAEEgkCA5CwIdgIhIIAAAggggAACCCCAAAKmUCOoq6vTbbNmhdq0mS8CCCCAQA8LXHjhhfr00097uFe6QwABBBAINYHMRYs0btw497RDLjk7ffq06uvr9eTq1aG235kvAggggEAPCmQ98IB+/eCDOvfcc3uwV7pCAAEEEAglgY0bNuj48ePGlEMuOXPN/OjRoxo1apSBQAEBBBBAAAFfBY5/+aWsVquioqJ8bUp9BBBAAAEE3AKuE0dff/21ocE9ZwYFBQQQQAABBBBAAAEEEEAgcAIkZ4GzZ2QEEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAwBAgOTMoKCCAAAIIIIAAAggggAACgRMgOQucPSMjgAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYAyZlBQQEBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQCJwAyVng7BkZAQQQQAABBBBAAAEEEDAESM4MCgoIIIAAAggggAACCCCAQOAESM4CZ8/ICCCAAAIIIIAAAggggIAhQHJmUFBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQAABBAInQHIWOHtGRgABBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQMAZIzg4ICAggggAACCCCAAAIIIBA4AZKzwNkzMgIIIIAAAggggAACCCBgCJCcGRQUEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAAIHACZCcBc6ekRFAAAEEEEAAAQQQQAABQ4DkzKCggAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAggEToDkLHD2jIwAAggggAACCCCAAAIIGAImo0QBAQR6VcBZXy9Hba0sFssZx7FXlirvlTxtLzvsrfsNjbnyWt00M1Xx1jO3P+MAVEAAAQQQCGmBL7/8Ut/85je7YGBXaWGe8l7drn1fSUMlfeO8Mbr2xpuUmhQvjkhdIKQKAj4IkJz5gEVVBLojkD3vJzpxSYKeevBXnXTjVMn6ezQzO79NnW1F+VqXk6lp2Zv1VHqi+M/bhogVCCCAAAJdEDj2v1uVmPJLfby/rPPaVSX6+XdnqKBNrSIV5K7RIk3XS7uf0oQojkhtiFiBgJ8CXNboJxzNEPBJwFGml998R3/Z3Dbpat5Pdcm6dhOz5nUKsmfoiR1VzVdRRgABBBBAoMsCjy5Zqhp7td6q+KSTNlVafVt7iVnzJvma9cN14ojU3IQyAt0TIDnrnh+tEeiSQO5jK1QjqebEUBXu3Nlhm/3vNvt8MjlL28oP6rCtUqXvbtKt1qZmTzz+Z9mbFikhgAACCCDQJYHaU/v06vZ/SGrQf/7nuo7bVH+kLeWNm626f9Nb+qTSpkMHd+ulnNmNGyRbjjaXcURqAqGEQPcESM6650drBLogUKlH177jqefYo0ef+G0Hbaq1u9A4EirxygmKjTBLMikqJklL1ixs1q62WZkiAggggAACXRN4dtl/6IS3asXf/qqqGtdHh21/7IdKtddYfZEmjIuV2SSZzFGakLZE9zb7wLC2vt6oSQEBBLonQHLWPT9aI3BGgfc2rdEXzWpV7D2gf1a1dxFIhMamxBk1S3Kmas6KPB2odrrXRSTeq4r9B/VJZaUO5aVzE7YhRQEBBBBAoCsCDQ1faN2mkqaqNZ8p57d5TcvNSpZRCRprLBcrdcIc5ZYckPeIpHt3HNQnBw/qUGWlMhIijJoUEECgewIkZ93zozUCZxCo1tLFL2pA+De0IvOHnrr/OqkV63/fbrvRV17XYv22NRmaGBetmZmrVVLpkMViltlk4mEgLZRYQAABBBDoisCf1i3T8dPS/F8v1vBBnhb5zz3XftOI0ZrY7OyYbEVaNONajbpqplbnlchhNstsNstk4mEg7QOyFgH/BEjO/HOjFQJdEvjH279TRZ007sb/p7TM/3A/gliyqXBzvr7++us2fViTFiuv+bX83holuTma+f1LNWd1IfeatVFjBQIIIIDAmQXsemzVnyRzpLLuSNekiRe7m9R9cVx/3Pn3dppbtfgvmzWteYLmqmUr1sMZMxRrnaPCA9xr1g4cqxDolgDJWbf4aIxAZwIOLflVjjTApBWZ8yXF6NbrL3Q3+MoWptw332y3cWLaSn2yq0hL5yW32b4tZ67SVpe2Wc8KBBBAAAEEOhPYVbBan34lTZ1zp0xhYbrn1w94PzD8px7NWdN+06hErd11UG+8kK3E1kmaivTTa9NUQn7Wvh1rEfBTgOTMTziaIXAmgS8/2aLth6XLfnC9xlzs+YRy4bIsea4kKdOaJ55v6sLpUHV1tapsNtmqHTJb45W+fIMO7d+pdVnTm+pJKtn4Jo8tbiHCAgIIIIBA5wJOPfTQammgWcvvneuuOvKyVI0e4bkk8bPSD/VxdbXRhcNereqqKtkqbXLIrPiUdOXtqtR7rz/T6kxasd79sL17qI2uKCCAgI8CJGc+glEdga4KrPjVAkkDlX1/htFk2Ogp+jfvp4+fVh7V/kOH3Nvse57V5XFxSrjqKl1zy3/J4W1hskQrNWOtSjfdbfThuqTkIJ9UNnlQQgABBBDoVKDy739Q6RHp36bNUtSwYUbde36Z5ik7j+g/n9zoXW/Xf82I0+Xf/a6u+f5VerbMOCIpOiFVa3ftbvGkxuLSw0Z/FBBAoPsCJGfdN6QHBNoIOP/1nl7ZKQ0fc4WuvfLKZtvNum/hHM/yMZuWr208GA5uqlP+nt5pcR2/Qx+Vfdy0Pe46XWppWux7Jacqtm/RlsISuT6nrSrbobwt21XleQRY35sOESOAAAJBLrAs6yFJg7RiyS9aRDr5tns1PNyz6q2X/6D6hgZJ9VJT/qa33yhuca+zw/aRymxN3Yy7ZlTTQo+VnKqq4lPIHuOkoz4lQHLWp3YXwfYVgbUP/kpfa4Duz7qnTcg/uO2X+rY7F6vWjsK3VFtbK8vIizTCqOm6jv9SJc/J1JIlmUq2jtasnCJj69iUBPXthxY7tHXRfN01d4n226XDb9yrBfNv10eNH84aM6WAAAIIINBdgS//+Y4K95zQxT+YosutLW8cGzjwPN06/Wr3EF8fP6X1r7u+kzNCYxov8XBdSr/qdsVaJytzyRJlzpmsS666RduMoOJ05eihxlLPFGxaPTlaN2xs+t7PnumXXhDoGwI8/7Rv7Cei7EsCjgqt2XzQHfFne/fosbKyFtEPCpcGeR9hXFc1SGv+WKCFt9+sF1dO16TMfKPu3qLcZl8A6l1t/bl+e+8Eo051ZYUOHamRzhmmMbExsrj+RzuqVfnFSQ0dHi3Xd1g7qm364qQ0PNoqs3tbjYYODdPnhz7XN0ZdKNPJ4wobGikdO6TPFanYGKtMsutA2cc6UR+m80bFKjrC81bh7qsmTFZrlPtx/tW2Sp3UUEVbI7zjhGn4cJMO7Tsk57DzvX15wnVWV2rP/qM6b/R5GhbveuLXMLk+sB154xNad5l0mev7tr3xDY8erpMVFTrsHKJRl8S45+HqxdPHEQ25ME6XDKuR7Vi9Z16S2rUwpCgggAACoSnw2ANL5TofFnVuuB5/7DG1fE7wIJ0yNSZXX2jdyqd0943XKWnBBk1bk6wCg6xcLz/fNlm664XnlBTlOT447TZVfPyp6nWOzh8VK2uEyTj+RFqtnuOTs1qVtpMaEmlVlMXU7vu2/cAH2lIuRVz3harsTnc9T9+fS0PO0yWx0XIdLjzHC6es0UNlK9unozpPl8dHS1WV2nPwqIaN/o5iotw1jVlQQKAvCJCc9YW9RIx9SuDN3Bd0yhvxqsceP0PsFVqzLNudnMXOXqt3vp2olU+vVkFxs2tG3D1YNSfnUWWmJXnPmjm147FbNWtVcbP+p+uN/Ws16uPfafzUHN27uVz3JUZo3+/SlJpTrvtf36+58mxrbDRi4cOKWHV/syRwtt7bfYuWfndGs09GpbteeFeLU2K8fVUrb/8uJVrs+t207+thW5b22DJ0yDtOY9+u17F3b1LR4iTZy3IVm5zZfJNRPrz1Id2VI+Xt36oh3tiNje7CbG07uFIjP2mvjzjl7f+L6n/TvkV8n778s6UCSwgggICvAnV1x7ShyHNZ/Pt/3qz3/9x5D19+tFMf22waY43X2v1vKfHJp/T0mnwdadVsRPI8PfJAppJiPddx2Ms2KjY5q0Wt+1/ZrckHMjQpq1hzXtil5SlWVf5lucbPz9W0Z/6m2z66r51j2Aq9ce18zzFpzXwl1LyiPbM+VXJyZlMM47L0fl6Ghu1reTxzDT4ibpyOlDceF61at3OnUqP5U7fFjmEh6AX4jQ36XUSAfU0g4ab79c7/Sfcr7JikNK1NStMqe7VOnqhRvVw3Yg1RpDXK80mh0etJ7S10HYCsWvdWgUZ+nKe8/5FOnXBIYZ771wZ77yMIG3yBJNcnnvXGNsXN07r7rtXw0edq3Sppr+J0/+p7dNnIWP1t0UR3YnbX6tc193tfavmtt2vd3J9pYvlWfXOw60YEzxkvVyjDLnJdATNYYXJ17RlnWvYreuhG6cGrblHB22WqXjxOBQ96ErOlr+zUjG/t1s+un68S71zC3H3KfRatMXaNW6h3fnub3l8+TYtyc7V13yINW+7tY/NOzTi3sQ9XLCe1uyMLC5+aGr8yFBBAIAQFLHrn3Xd9mvf5jQ8MscQqbfFapS1epeqqk6qpr5fTKQ2JjFRUq/fWj7f/zj3GXc8Uae6Yz7T22Xf1rbB6xU77pcZmFWtDbrGWp9ykv+XlSkrWnUnf1H8/1d4xbIh+WrRaLydnKGLeSq3LvEDPTb5FRzRdebsf0bd2PqmJ83O0cstNeuhiz7FuxOyVevWBWK384VS9XF6s+195V5OrX9Kk+WuU97dPlBod69P8qYxAoAVIzgK9Bxi/3wlERkbK9a87P2ZLhFz/Ov4ZqhFXuHIum+66/irJGqc56fdp9HCzdKzjVo1bJv3oR0pNiZUcpVrnWhl3s+6cmSqzqvTYEtdylhbMTJDrxNM9GckqyCpS6f5qJTV20O7rSUnjdOdPJijK7FDiOKmg+G3tt89U1T9cfWbrtgnRsmi4po2TSho/3Gynr8SUKYqJsKr+ingp13UWsbqpj8TWfXRi0U7frEIAAQRCRSA8PFwxMTHdnK5ZEVHmTu91HpmQ4v4QcN38ZPcxJXH2QqWOGCZFXKX506UF+VtUUjlSha7bp2fP1uWWoTrcwTEsIvIyRbsijr5cMWFfyHMhyftat+gX0snP3HP560dHJM831OjOuTNkjZKuuEh62TZdkyfE6JKKke56J/9V08250xyBsy9Acnb2zRkRgR4QMOmHS97Vc+Pf1/6KXXr77VxtyJ6rw4Pf0tPeh0O+/d+fKSOh/QRv/JWeA5cRyDC5z9FJJrk/iyz/XCckd3JWc8KVdMl7asvbwvvOUeuq1PrH/dTFpkcvhmuIBrvCqD7hOnfn/qlt3ab1cq2nptOoaPb0UV7pzj0tcuqEMXbHFhvS+MS0NS3LCCCAQE8LRH3/Z3pj02V6r+wjffh2oQpyV2nmO4NVsStD19+2UMpfpZnf9zzY6v4fXSOTOnnfvrXxSCHJdI7OdwcboZS0OxR57FONT6nTmPGjJe12b6mt9xxv3IeLuO/JdXRzNB08enqq9IdArwvwtMZeJ2YABHpBwFGmW+Ou1U9zdilh1gL98kez3YN8IzzM/aAO10JJYb4Kt+fqweymJz02RlJb7z34OSV36nXCfdGjpKEadYXraV7Pa86S9dqS+5jSc1ynuGbrhssjVO8++hXryafzVLjxV1rmulqy2SOXG/tv/lqnobrU9QmpbZV++VietqxfrGXes2Z1zSu2W/YmhrJ4+tDzmjlniZbMuVQPN96b3olFu12yEgEEEECgRwXy7rhUU26frxOXTlHmkp8p0dV7hOeyw4jv36hbjdE8xxJ19r7t/WyvpPAl5e02KzHO0/ikzlH40Xe1LDtLr/2v8emc0XPzAmcemmtQ7msC/P72tT1GvAi4BMzxenxTtu64PVuzrnVdwy+NSM5S5owYmc2RWjF9vRbnr9VPi62aNn2clF/sOSPm1fMcMl2fSoZ5PpUc5rlvzHXmLPXhAh1ThhY/n627XPWt0/Xin1YoxiQ5bvqFJuUUa9uqDG2zxrkf/990o7jriV+NyZR3IA3VOSaTEh8q0pz/SdYGVzuNc1/WWFA81HOfmZramUzeyLwvQ85zfX+OK/YhSnl4l1a44sp9Xu8nT9dY5btvGq/rxKIxCl4RQAABBHpP4KZHN6v05Aw9MTdZT7iHSdaTj9/svvpCpljdcnecXl5TrrFZt7iPJTJ1fAyTqVL/Fue69P15LXhkjMp+/7o+vm2qlt0+1d3z2Nk5eiA1Rip7073ceDxzv7b6sPD8YUN6b9L0jEAvCQxoaHB/42AvdR983TocDk26/nrteO+94AuOiBDwWcApu931BWEmWVrdoO2w2yWzRWY/P4JxOuxyOCWLpfUjDz1jmi0W4yxd18J2yl7tkDnC13au3h3Ky7xdvz96vqbd8YBu/94JZV+XrA1aqNJd9ynKHUDHFl2Lj1oI+CZww5Qp2vjii4qK8vwG+taa2gj0PwHXccd14qvp+OBQddUh/W7R9Xq4SHry3YOaGdP8QU0dvW+3Ps64jh8npSFDZfH3oNb/uJlRPxF4cOlSXZOYqKlTPR9A+PlnWz/RYBoI9HkBV1LWOnnyTMp1cOzOj8ls8Xzq2aaTjsdsU7XFCpMsEf7GZNbVyd/RgrnPq6QoX4u9/U5bOcWbmLlW+BtXiyBZQAABBBDwU6D1ccde9qwuT87x9DZ9tVJaJGau1R29b7de7zp+tH8PtZ+h0gyBoBUgOQvaXUNgCCDQXCA6Zbk+2Z2ufQePqE7hOvfCUYq1crBubkQZAQQQCCYBS/xcbXv9GtWEjdB34r1fHh1MARILAkEoQHIWhDuFkBBAoH0Bc1S0EqLcD1luvwJrEUAAAQSCSMCi2AT340GCKCZCQSC4BXhaY3DvH6JDAAEEEEAAAQQQQACBEBEgOQuRHc00EUAAAQQQQAABBBBAILgFSM6Ce/8QHQIIIIAAAggggAACCISIAMlZiOxopokAAggggAACCCCAAALBLUByFtz7h+gQQAABBBBAAAEEEEAgRARIzkJkRzNNBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQCG4BkrPg3j9EhwACCCCAAAIIIIAAAiEiQHIWIjuaaSKAAAIIIIAAAggggEBwC5CcBff+IToEEEAAAQQQQAABBBAIEQFTiMzTmOaAAQNkMpmUPGmSsY4CAggggAACvgqc/+1v67ZZs+Q6rvCDAAIIIICAPwL19fUaP3680TTkkrOGhgaFh4frlT/8wUCggAACCCCAgK8C8+bN0zPr1ysyMtLXptRHAAEEEEDALfDkE0/o9OnThkbIJWeumX/11Vf6ZkSEgUABAQQQQAABXwUcNTUaOmwYxxNf4aiPAAIIIGAInG5okOtf4w/3nDVK8IoAAggggAACCCCAAAIIBFCA5CyA+AyNAAIIIIAAAggggAACCDQKkJw1SvCKAAIIIIAAAggggAACCARQgOQsgPgMjQACCCCAAAIIIIAAAgg0CpCcNUrwigACCCCAAAIIIIAAAggEUIDkLID4DI0AAggggAACCCCAAAIINAqQnDVK8IoAAggggAACCCCAAAIIBFCA5CyA+AyNAAIIIIAAAggggAACCDQKkJw1SvCKAAIIIIAAAggggAACCARQgOQsgPgMjQACCCCAAAIIIIAAAgg0CpCcNUrwigACCCCAAAIIIIAAAggEUMDUvbHt2pGbp70na3Xe2CmaOSG6e93RGgEEEEAAAQQQQAABBBAIUYFuJWfOA1s0KzPLS/eRvle5UjHd6jFE9wLTRgABBBBAAAEEEEAAgZAX6NZljR9s/mMzwFy9tLOq2TJFBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQACBrgr4n5w5K7RxVbF7nLFxVvfrusf/LHtXR6YeAggErUBF4UZt3F4ZtPERGAIIIIAAAggg0B8F/E7OqnbmqcAt8nM99ZsVGuEqF6/W9kpnf3RiTgiEkIBdW+dmafEHR0NozkwVAQQQQAABBBAIvICfyZlD2367xh392IWTFRvzA90Z51q0afUrHwR+VkSAAALdEhgcJ40d3K0uaIwAAggggAACCCDgo4B/yVlVsVYVeUaaP+O7kiyacs9s94q9qzaqzOFjFFRHAAEEEEAAAQQQQAABBEJcwK/krOzPG3XEBTcuWykxZjdh9OS5muQu5euld2whzsr0EehbAk6nU55/rrjr3cHvPX7K/dq4rW/NiGgRQAABBM62gNPhkOOM/7j95WzvF8brWwJ+PPi+Uq+u9p42GzpUn1ce0OGv6hUWVq+R3rlveOw1ZaakK6JvWRAtAiEpYC9drdipOW3nXn6LRq5tvnq6tlWuVawf7xrNe6GMAAIIIND/BOxl6xWbnN2FiVmVt3+XEi1dqEoVBEJQwOc/s+xlb2hd44mxokxN9OZpLezKs/XGgZ9otvesWottLCCAQFAJmEdO1nPPXCqFu8IKV3i4Xa8tmq+/TszWIzPGqO5UnWdb3TkaFlSREwwCCCCAQLAImC/4d724aYzCwsI6Dam+PkyjPRdddVqPjQiEqoCPyZlTf3thvcfKOk63ThzVyq1Gf83Nd1/yuOqFYs1entRqO4sIIBBsAqaoWKWkxjYLy6HKCGnPZeOVNCG+2XqKCCCAAAIItC9giohRUlJM+xtZiwACXRbwLTmzf6D1uZ7TZnc9+hstTopqM1DZZV9pSnaRjjz/tEofSFICp63bGLECgeAWcKrWFWCt596z4I6V6BBAAAEEEEAAgf4j4NMDQSq3v6IS99yTddO4tomZa1P8jbM933mmYj1beMBd21lVqrzcXOUVlooHOfafXx5mggACCCCAAAIIIIAAAj0n4ENyVqVXn8p1jzxi3mzFd3S9sPUH+kWyJ8CCnM1ynWdzHN6hBZmZWrB4h2p6LnZ6QgABBBBAAAEEEEAAAQT6jUDXkzP7Qb1d7pn3nbN+0AmARTfcsdCz3VaoPTanFOZ9jMBFg9X5baKddMsmBBA4SwIWpW+1qSgj4SyNxzAIIIAAAggggAACLoGu33NmSVSerfExjZ3jRU24T4dt9zVVsqbpsC2taZkSAggggAACCCCAAAIIIIBAC4Gunzlr0YwFBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQACBnhQgOetJTfpCAAEEEEAAAQQQQAABBPwUIDnzE45mCCCAAAIIIIAAAggggEBPCpCc9aQmfSGAAAIIIIAAAggggAACfgqQnPkJRzMEEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAoCcFSM56UpO+EEAAAQQQQAABBBBAAAE/BUjO/ISjGQIIIIAAAggggAACCCDQkwIkZz2pSV8IIIAAAggggAACCCCAgJ8CJGd+wtEMAQQQQAABBBBAAAEEEOhJAZKzntSkLwQQQAABBBBAAAEEEEDATwGSMz/haIYAAggggAACCCCAAAII9KTAgIaGhoae7DDY+3I4HJo9a5bOP//8YA+V+BBAAAEEgligvq5OAwcN0qBBg4I4SkJDAAEEEAhmgRPHj2vOvHlKTk52h2kK5mB7K7awsDDdcccdvdU9/SKAAAIIhIDA008/rR//+MeyDB0aArNliggggAACvSFQUFCg5ufKQjI5s332ma66+ure8KVPBBBAAIEQEfji888Vd/nlioqKCpEZM00EEEAAgZ4W2LJli5xOp9Et95wZFBQQQAABBBBAAAEEEEAAgcAJkJwFzp6REUAAAQQQQAABBBBAAAFDgOTMoKCAAAIIIIAAAggggAACCAROgOQscPaMjAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAggYAiRnBgUFBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQCBwAiRngbNnZAQQQAABBBBAAAEEEEDAECA5MygoIIAAAggggAACCCCAAAKBEyA5C5w9IyOAAAIIIIAAAggggAAChgDJmUFBAQEEEEAAAQQQQAABBBAInADJWeDsGRkBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQMARIzgwKCggggAACCCCAAAIIIIBA4ARMvg3tUEney9ptlwa3aRiub0fH6vKrL5fV4mO3bfpiBQIIIIAAAggggAACCCAQWgI+ZlFO7f5NlpaVd45076adui8puvNKbEUAAQQQQAABBBBAAAEEEDAEfEzOpMHDGtuO071Z10m1rrNotfr8yEEV5ubriKQnbv+/umzXTqVafe6+sXNeEUAAAQQQQAABBBBAAIGQEvA7e0rMXqH70mNbYC1fcqd+HjdVBbKpZI9NqVbOnrUAYgGBPiJQUbhRJeFJSuMMeB/ZY4SJAAIIBJ8Ax5Lg2ydEFPwC/j8QpLam7ewixmi0d+37+4+23c4aBBDoAwJ2bZ2bpcUf8H+4D+wsQkQAAQSCVIBjSZDuGMIKcgH/k7PBYW2m5qwq10Hv2uRrRrXZzgoEEOgbAoPjpLFtn/rTN4InSgQQQACBoBDgWBIUu4Eg+piA35c1lvxhrVacuMB9z5lrzsc++7tezi/2TD85R2mJEX2MgnARQAABBBBAAAEEEEAAgcAJ+J2cqTxf6zp6auPIb2to4ObEyAgg4KOA0+n0tjDJZKp3l/ceP+V+bdxmMvn/duFjOFRHAAEEEOiDAo3HC4ljSR/cfYQcJAJ+/7U1InmhHph5sVTnmeu75bUAAA+tSURBVEmd3aZdBRv1crFNen6uLql5Rp+sTJU5SCZKGAgg0L6AvXS1YqfmtN1YfotGrm2+erq2Va5VrN/vGs37oowAAggg0J8EOJb0p73JXAIp4PefWdHjp2hmanyL2GenZehH6+coNbtIyt2gfQ+lKsHSogoLCCAQZALmkZP13DOXSuGuwMIVHm7Xa4vm668Ts/XIjDGqO1Xn2VZ3joxv0giyORAOAggggEBgBTiWBNaf0fuPgN/JmWo9lz61pki47S6NzS7SXhkn1VpXYRkBBIJIwBQVq5TU5l+L4VBlhLTnsvFKmtDyA5ggCptQEEAAAQSCSIBjSRDtDELp0wI9+rRGl0T1h++6E7M+rULwCIS0gNP13fLq6AOYkKZh8ggggAACXRTgWNJFKKoh0ELA7zNnJR9+JFv1+VKN9wyas0af7v6zfj1/lXeABI3wXtLorCrVq9sqpMhYTU1J4D60FruABQQQQAABBBBAAAEEEEDA9TgdH3/cn6i72uRn6Jr8jhsvff1uRXs3Ow7v0ILMHMmapetJzjpGYwsCCCCAAAIIIIAAAgiErICPyZlZF30nTipu/xn6I+LidHXizUpLv02J0c2eBBLmfYzARYPV9qurQ9aeiSMQpAIWpW+1KT1IoyMsBBBAAIG+IMCxpC/sJWIMPgEfkzOTUpZv1eHlvk3EEp+mw7Y03xpRGwEEEEAAAQQQQAABBBAIIQH/HwgSQkhMFQEEEEAAAQQQQAABBBDobQGSs94Wpn8EEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAoAsCJGddQKIKAggggAACCCCAAAIIINDbAiRnvS1M/wgggAACCCCAAAIIIIBAFwRIzrqARBUEEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAoLcFSM56W5j+EUAAAQQQQAABBBBAAIEuCJCcdQGJKggggAACCCCAAAIIIIBAbwuQnPW2MP0jgAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAl0QIDnrAhJVEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAAIHeFiA5621h+kcAAQQQQAABBBBAAAEEuiBg6kKdfldl1KhRKnj11X43LyaEAAIIIHD2BEaOHKm33nxTQ4YMOXuDMhICCCCAQL8SqK+rU5ipKSVrKvWraXY8mQEDBuj06dP68MMPO67EFgQQQAABBLogUFZWprCwsC7UpAoCCCCAAAJtBY5WV8uVnzT+hFxy1tDQoMrKSv3+pZcaDXhFAAEEEEDAZ4EbpkzRipwcRUVF+dyWBggggAACCLgEHly6VHX19QYG95wZFBQQQAABBBBAAAEEEEAAgcAJkJwFzp6REUAAAQQQQAABBBBAAAFDgOTMoKCAAAIIIIAAAggggAACCAROgOQscPaMjAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAggYAiRnBgUFBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQCBwAiRngbNnZAQQQAABBBBAAAEEEEDAECA5MygoIIAAAggggAACCCCAAAKBEyA5C5w9IyOAAAIIIIAAAggggAAChgDJmUFBAQEEEEAAAQQQQAABBBAInADJWeDsGRkBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQMARIzgwKCggggAACCCCAAAIIIIBA4ARM3RnabqvQ9q1b9XbJPh396itJ39CYK6/VTTNTFW+1dKdr2iKAAAIIIIAAAggggAACISXgZ3JWrS0r7tBda4rbYG0ryte6nExNytqk32QkydymBisQQAABBBBAAAEEEEAAAQRaC/hxWaNThUsmNyVmcbP16Auv6I2iIr30TI4mWT1DbMu5XQvzDrQej2UEEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAAIF2BHxOzqpL1umnz9vcXU3K3qxDW1dqdsoExcfHa0Jqmjbs2q2lyZ6RCjLWqsLZzqisQgABBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQaCHgY3Lm0BvrcjwdxGXp8fREtb0uMkrpy57xDpKrkgp7iwFZQAABBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQaCvQNrdqW6dpjWOfCos8i3c9OEsRTVtalqJ/qNJduzRkuFUW30Zo2Q9LCCCAAAIIIIAAAggggECICPiZOll1RXSHqZkkk6Ks3pvPQgSSaSKAAAIIIIAAAggggAAC3RHw6bJG+yf/o23u0eI1crifeV13oqUtAggggAACCCCAAAIIINBPBXzKsCyjrlCipBJ9plMnJZ6T309/K5hWyAk4HQ6d+dk9JpnNPr1lhJwjE0YAAQRCWYBjSSjvfebeUwJ+/qVVrtLDdk2I6viLpm1lJfrcdKG+c4lV/D3XU7uLfhDoeQF72XrFJmd3oWOr8vbvUmLH/+270AdVEEAAAQT6owDHkv64V5lTIAR8S84so3RdnFRSLr29o1wZCa7zaO38OCv0H8kz3JdAjs0uUlF6fDuVWIUAAsEgYL7g3/XipjEKCwvrNJz6+jCN5lvlOzViIwIIIBCqAhxLQnXPM++eFvAtOVOEJtw8Tg+XF6sk527l3bBTM2PadnHg1We996ZZlXFjbE/HTH8IINCDAqaIGCUlxfRgj3SFAAIIIBBqAhxLQm2PM9/eEvDpgSCuIBLmrdA0dzQ2Lbj2h1q/vUx2780qTkeVtq/P1MSMXE+807M02epJ3pxVpcrLzVVeYakcvTUb+kUAAQQQQAABBBBAAAEE+qhA29NeZ5qIKVaPFK1UQXKmpHItuz1ZyySNsFp1xGZr1jpZeStmGs8McRzeoQWZOZI1S9enJBjrmzWgiAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAgiErIDPZ85cUpb42fpk1+taOi/ZgGtKzKy6NesZvV+5QYnNvwotbJin7kWD1fmdLUaXFBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQACBkBHw/cyZl8ZsTVD68g1Kz7ar6osTqnevD1Pk8Kh2n85oiU/TYVtayMAyUQQQQAABBBBAAAEEEEDAFwG/kzNjEJNFUVaerW14UEAAAQQQQAABBBBAAAEE/BDw67JGP8ahCQIIIIAAAggggAACCCCAQCcCJGed4LAJAQQQQAABBBBAAAEEEDhbAiRnZ0uacRBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQACBTgRIzjrBYRMCCCCAAAIIIIAAAgggcLYESM7OljTjIIAAAggggAACCCCAAAKdCJCcdYLDJgQQQAABBBBAAAEEEEDgbAmQnJ0tacZBAAEEEEAAAQQQQAABBDoRIDnrBIdNCCCAAAIIIIAAAggggMDZEiA5O1vSjIMAAggggAACCCCAAAIIdCJg6mRbv900cNAgOZ3Ofjs/JoYAAggg0PsCAwcOdB9LOJ70vjUjIIAAAqEiEJLJ2VenTmnC+PGhso+ZJwIIIIBALwiMuvhizbjppl7omS4RQAABBEJF4PTp0xrXLC8JyeTMbDZrx3vvhco+Z54IIIAAAr0gcMOUKdry+uuKiorqhd7pEgEEEEAgFAQeXLpUX3/9tTFV7jkzKCgggAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAoETIDkLnD0jI4AAAggggAACCCCAAAKGAMmZQUEBAQQQQAABBBBAAAEEEAicAMlZ4OwZGQEEEEAAAQQQQAABBBAwBEjODAoKCCCAAAIIIIAAAggggEDgBEjOAmfPyAgggAACCCCAAAIIIICAIUByZlBQQAABBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQCJ0ByFjh7RkYAAQQQQAABBBBAAAEEDAGSM4OCAgIIIIAAAggggAACCCAQOAGSs8DZMzICCCCAAAIIIIAAAgggYAiQnBkUFBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQACBwAmYfB3aVrJFr+0+psGDW7UMD1dk5IUa8504xUZHtNrIIgIIIIAAAggggAACCCCAQGcCPidnn7//lJbllHfWp0ZMz9JLqzIUY+60GhsRQAABBBBAAAEEEEAAAQS8Aj4nZ2GDL5DkSs7G6d6s66TaWvdZtBOfH9Q7b+Rrr006kp+jie/X6v1d98kKNQIIIIAAAggggAACCCCAwBkFfE7OGntMzF6h+9JjGxfdr4uXr1LJ+oWamZ0v2VZped4MrZ0Z06IOCwgggAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAm0F/H8gSG1N295kVmL6Kj053XO+rCDjBR1wtlONVQgggAACCCCAAAL9WqCicKM2bq/s13Nkcgj0tID/yVmHkZg19efp3q37dMLRYUU2IIAAAggggAACCPRLAbu2zs3S4g+O9svZMSkEekugF5IzyXzJ1ZrkjvgfOnyMU2e9tfPoFwEEEEAAAQQQCFaBwXHS2NZP9w7WYIkLgSAR6JXkrGluNh06erJpkRICCCCAAAIIIIAAAggggEC7An4/EKTd3oyVYUZpsJrKxkoKCCAQVAJOh0NnPsdtktncS28ZQaVBMAgggAAC/gg4nY1HEpNMpnp3F3uPn3K/Nm4zmTiO+GNLm9AR6J3/Icc+cz9s3/W4/e+OsYSOJjNFoA8K2MvWKzY5uwuRW5W3f5cS+S/dBSuqIIAAAqElYC9drdipOW0nXX6LRq5tvnq6tlWuVWzv/AXafCDKCPRJgV75r1H2Wq6OuDmG6pxeGaFPWhM0AkEpYL7g3/XipjEKC+v8LHd9fZhG88XyQbkPCQoBBBAItIB55GQ998ylUrgrknCFh9v12qL5+uvEbD0yY4zqTtV5ttWdo2GBDpbxEQhiAf9Tp8Ht/yHntBVqYXaRe8pj775D8fwxF8S7n9AQkEwRMUpK4vsI+V1AAAEEEPBfwBQVq5TU5t9/61BlhLTnsvFKmhDvf8e0RCDEBPxOzko++ki26vOlGs81xc4Tx7Sv9A0tyVzlPWsWp6z0CQans6pUr26rkCJjNTUlQeRsBg0FBBBAAAEEEECgnwk4VeuaUa3n78R+Njmmg0CvCfidnCk3Q9fkdhzX0s2/V1JU03bH4R1akJkjWbN0PclZEwwlBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQECS/8lZGz6rxsbF65ppKfrRrJsVG9Wq6zDvFcYX8fzGNnSsQAABBBBAAAEEEEAAgZAXaJVBndkjPn2DDqefuV7rGpb4NB22pbVezTICCCCAAAIIIIBAvxOwKH2rTX78ydjvJJgQAr4I9PKXUPsSCnURQAABBBBAAAEEEEAAgdAVIDkL3X3PzBFAAAEEEEAAAQQQQCCIBEjOgmhnEAoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAgiErgDJWejue2aOAAIIIIAAAggggAACQSRAchZEO4NQEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAIHQFSM5Cd98zcwQQQAABBBBAAAEEEAgiAZKzINoZhIIAAggggAACCCCAAAKhK0ByFrr7npkjgAACCCCAAAIIIIBAEAmQnAXRziAUBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQCF0BkrPQ3ffMHAEEEEAAAQQQQAABBIJIgOQsiHYGoSCAAAIIIIAAAggggEDoCgxoaGhoCKXp19bW6pabb1ZkZGQoTZu5IoAAAgj0sMCAgQP1tdOpgQP5nLOHaekOAQQQCBkBu92u9PR0TU5Ods/5/wOuybEvs/EFBQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which combination of Δ<em>H </em><sup>θ </sup>and Δ<em>S </em><sup>θ</sup> will result in a non-spontaneous reaction at all temperatures?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The combustion of glucose is exothermic and occurs according to the following equation:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (s) + 6O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 6CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + 6H<sub>2</sub>O (g)</p>
<p>Which is correct for this reaction?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAArgAAADhCAYAAAAj3sY5AAAgAElEQVR4Ae2d34+dx3nfjwIlaFKE/AfCjYzoogHIyLWBJhAZOQ7QNFpattsaKClT1p1EmZLRtJEJy7opKrOSfNHAMq2VgjiVRYu8SArDDpdAeqHa4QrphQHbZIEWECB5GaQpkAste5XkYovPu/wezs6+5+x7dpfL857zGeDs+2N+PfOZeWaed2bed+9ZX19fH+gkIAEJSEACEpCABCQwIwR+ZkbKYTEkIAEJSEACEpCABCTQELh32jncf9+Hpl1E5ZOABCQgAQlIQAISuEsE3n3/vS05T72Bi8Rtgm8piTckIIEdEeAhUh3bETojSWBbAurXtogMIIFdERg1EeoWhV1hNbIEJCABCUhAAhKQwLQR0MCdthpRHglIQAISkIAEJCCBXRHQwN0VPiNLQAISkIAEJCABCUwbAQ3caasR5ZGABCQgAQlIQAIS2BUBDdxd4TOyBCQgAQlIQAISkMC0EdDAnbYaUR4JSEACEpBADwisra0NXnt1acBb7Pl9/KGPNfemSXxkfPzUqWkSad9lST1duby873nfrQx78ZmwuwXHfCUgAQlIQAISaCfw+KnHBtevXdvkeWN1dfDVl14a3Ly5Nnj27NlNfnfj4tJbFxt5Di0s3I3spybP69c36unBY0enRqY7LYgzuHeasOlLQAISkIAEZowAM4Exbp986nTzLW2+p334yJGmpMwYxn/Git7L4rxzdaWpm4MHD/ZS/p0IrYG7E2rGkYAEJCABCcwxgdXV1WHpHzx6bHj+5OnTw/Pr164358yiZgsDhjHbGLj+6AMfHuBXO+59+pFPDuNwXi+tJw0MaWaMkz5hY1jj9/xzzzXJM7NMGO7FcZ54HEmzzIe43Gd7AzIhL9ccy3CkR/rPnDkzTK9OK3muXF3ZFI60SpkIV+abeBzLMud+XYY2VvBgO8nROZq9hY8GblqJRwlIQAISkIAEOhHITC2BMcgwtDCiHj6+OJzNPfHoyS1pYQRiDOIIn7gJSDrci5HKfc6JVxuC+GHclvc3wj6d5EYeiUPc0sVILfPGH6MUmZAXx7EsB/FqwzJplbKRDsZyaRyTFnKQ3qSurQxhVZaBfHGHD2/Mrk+aT1/Da+D2teaUWwISkIAEJHCXCDAbiDGLw5jDSMsMJ4YX99ocRi9bGX744x8NZxRfX9qYVU06xCsN5eRDHnW6LLm/ceFCk2b2/BKGH1snXjh3rhGDPbjkyz1c8nzl/Pnm/ts/+H5znz+ZeR7eGAya/cTEJ6+4GI6vLW0Y9zAhDL/kSz4xjDGScTwckB/hIjNGb9tsdvJqO166uDH7HaaklwcPZIqbx/23lF0DNy3AowQkIAEJSEACnQlgHGLI1UvfGKIsp5eziEk0Bh2Gac4xAAm7fOsNf/xIOy7GItcJEz+Mu+S/eMvgxm919UaCtB4xsDEI2WqBQf65U4+1huMmRmMMY/LKC2sxXGPocsyWhxizG2W73pQvxvkL574yTIN0Y5SurFwdKUObR8qNYczMMOU4cXLjAaLkN4/7b+HlVxTaWo33JCABCUhAAhLYlgAGJj8cBt47K1eHWwYwdMsZTwzD8iWn8nxt7ebgxo2NWd8D1YtQhCNuDMRSqAMHdvbSFLJhEHZxBw8eGBusTa4yAv6luV2Wm3CHjxxuDOCbt7ZAlHHHnfOAgAHN7C/sY2hjXGPgMvPNgwNhTszZ/lu4aeCOaz36SUACEpCABCSwhUBe5mL28Tvf+27jz4wiP4wqjK16FhVDD2MrBh7ncQsLhwaHDm18yqs29Ai3nRGZdLockS3GbTODevhIYwwy+7oTF+MbgzMzvXU65Ww25TlUBMiWiBj24VMEaU5rLoRrZmrPDxojl9loHjAoH3t6f3jsR0Ojd9723wLMLQp1C/J6XwjQWbGkkuUclrMm3X+0L4KaiQR6SED96mGl9UzkLI9juDEbGpfZRK4xWmtXLt0nHgYiv6SJAVi+dJU4pFVuQ6jTHnddGoelsfzw4mJj3MbgHZfGKL/IzZ7YGLKULV9cIB4PAjFcn3/uy0ODnXwT5+itr1FkVhrDN36EKx8IOM+eZ/JithbjuvyiBWWe1/23MHcGd1SL9f6QwNf+4A8G/+oznxn80i/90vDebk/Y78ReoSxf8cRJJ8ZSTfYj7TYP40ugLwT2WsfUr77UfH/lfOL06WY/LMYixlebgZg9tmUpMYDvv7x5pjSfFqPvx0gjrbZw7MXFEJ7ExajEIMTgZDtF8iMdZqLjCEu40pCM37gj6SEvLMr0iAOnOOTHcMdoZVKndOVWj4yByFGnlzjIStoYt238MXhhNa/7b+HkDG5ai8dWAjdv3hy8vvTa4I//6I9a/bnJzGtmYvO0WQaOXzpAOgKewsulHJ6Av3j27ODK8vz8G8GSkefzS6CLjkEH3eIhMPrEkVUQHg5Lp36VNDy/UwQwsNia0GbEYqzhF0OtlIFJjRippMESe/bwEo70MATLuJzX4co0x51j6PGLYxsE+ZMe+eNqOVjmn8SR3hsX3tycz8JCU45ynEMOyl/KQ94pc/JkPCxfrIu84ZZwpF2zwo/0KB99BkZyZpgTb16O96yvr69Pc2HpxHnTUXd3CPzpn/zJ4PkvPTf4mZ/5mcH//N//q1WIPEHiyZup6TS4RsHyBIrCodjU6TiHwpYd3riw+u2egDq2e4a7SeGPv/nNwcv/6cWxOpaZoVEzS9Et5FC/dlMbex9X/dqYBMk2A8fzvW9j857iKB1zi8K8t4xtyv/VF18a/MM//MPgZ3/2ZwcYu//6M5/ZEiP/0Yan7NK4JeCN4lMth27tx2qeLK9f2/Lkz8wT+4U0brcg9sYME3jtG69uq2P5ziYzON+68GYzA4Wx+/ipx4Yzu5kVUr9muLFYNAlIoDMBtyh0RjV/ATFo//Zv/7YpOEbuH772eiuEvAEaA7YMlA3u3MuSEwMx3zLMlgX8WGZ9mY3yi7eXksp0PJfALBLoqmN5KYY96lmm5GEyewkxdrM9SP2axZZimSQggUkJaOBOSmyOwr914dtNaf/Zr//64Od+7ucG77/33uCv/uqvNhFgYB0Ovi3/BrCc3S0jMgvFPieWFvixfMVgHSO4DOu5BGaVQBcdo+x5M5pVjrykwn2MWZZ8+ZW6o37NaovpZ7lYlUs77WcJlLqPBNyD28da2weZ/8df/uXgsydODv7pRz4y+P0vPjv4/JOnm83q/+J3f3dwfunVoQTlHtvhzZYTBmKWTnXTR2DU/qXpk3S2JOqqY5SaB8kvnDmz6YUyDFoeCtEt3fQSUL+mt26UbDYIjNIxZ3Bno373vBTZjoBx++u/8RuDf/TzP9/k8d/ffnvAW99x9RvcuV8f5/Ej0zUDryVQEuiqY8RhOwJvX/OQmDeiebhkNrf8XmiZvucSkIAE5pmABu481/6IsrMNAUOWvX4Yt7h/9/v/fvgC2X/78z8fxrx58/Z/oskSVI757zYEXpjw24XDDDyRwAwSmETHyuIzW4uh+/YPvj+cuWXbAj+dBCQgAQncJqCBe5uFZ7cIfO0//0Fz9m9/7/eGTP757/zO4O///u8Hf/d3fzf4+tdeGd7Piy3l/r945uUzrnk5RicBCWwQ6Kpj7G9n+Y1facTy8Flu+WELg04CEpCABG4T0MC9zcKzwaDZfvBf//RPB7/wj39h8Kl/+ekhkwMHDjRfOOBzYf/nr/96wP5BXIzYNgP2xo3VJgzLq3nze5igJxKYUwJs8emqY+hNPr136eJbm/7DUvkVkjb9m1O8FlsCd5QAD5PoXr7re0czM/FdEfA7uLvCN3uR/8s3v9kU6hd/8cDg0X9zYlMB/9/Nm4N77rmn+WYn/73sn/zqrw4HXP47TO0yu6txW5Pxep4JTKJjbBHKv+Nkvzv/e752/DejthWUOpzXEpDA7gnwj40Y//xe++5Z3ukUNHDvNOGepf+Hr/9hI/H//Zu/GfAb5b733e8OFj9xfOjdtsd23OzuMKInEpgzApPo2H944T82/9Ia/VpevrxpmwJG7YmTJx1o56z9WFwJSKAjAf5V7zS7X/nl+6ZZPGWTQO8JqGO9r0ILMMUEplm/Ln77rXXk43f1L66uf+oTjwyvl77x6haqhC/DcL78Z5c3hfut33yoSYP4L7/44jA9wl77yU82hW27IL2kgVwf+bUH1mtZvvylLzXpfu6zn238UgbyoBy1Iz7pJNzTn//8JllWf/rToR9lxL8M+8EHHzRJkl/u55j8KFvtj5yJSwIpVxc2dX2Qdhu/ScoWWZGlrPvwaisDdViWIWGn6UhdtDlncDs+CBhMAhKQgAQkMKsEHj91alPRWIpn/3eW4tl3yr3S5VN1z66ebVYaSr/2sE83XwApw5XnbMOpP3vHntekxXac0hG+/FQl8lAOvuCTbTtcl2GIny+PlOGSbr23lrBweOHcuQTZckRG/m12/bInWxm4V74QSuSUJwltcLzNhjxrDhtl/eSuypb82o6jykC98w+b6jK0pTFt93zJbNpqRHkkIAEJSEAC+0wg/xWPT9DlvYn8q3W+5hGjLOH4HGT+yQh++Y+WERujkE/aEe7Zs2eb24SpwyU8xyvLl5tL8s/nJmPUvr60VAYdnmN4EhZjNXK/dissBmaMW2QgHOWL8fvMmaeH6eQEP8IQNt+cThqUJwZ//jsbYWLIEjdyJ1y26iV9jtux4d/W4yIzaSa91MNOylbKUJ9jVMdAT/lj1OKXd2rqeNN8rYE7zbWjbBKQgAQkIIF9IJAZSozEGHYxRpdvfWcZwyxGDyIlDucJE1ExyJLOYvHf9lZXbyTIlmP+IRD5fvyhjzVfKzhw4GBjNP7wxz/aGp596I+ebO5jXLInHffO1ZXmuLJytTliiMdQpnz8B0Ac+dSGG34xlB9e3HjPJByaSC1/SBsjFIM0X1jAAB3lxrEhr+SHMZvPBCa9GNs7KdsoebifuuI87Jm5jbGbh4JxaUybn1sUpq1GlEcCEpCABCSwzwQwXke5fPLxQBWGOBiDMcjK+Bim41y9dQADixlSZhEzI5zZSo4YkZkJTrr15/FShsxEZvY099vira3dHH6KD/+6jIkz7pgtBm0c2uKNYzPuASBpkc9Oypb4bUfqkYcXtmikDggHe+rma+fPb+LUlsa03XMGd9pqRHkkIAEJSEACU0Qgn4G8Wf1DEQyhrkZd1+JkNpQtBxi0maFlZpSl8tLFyMu9GLaZgY0BnPsJV8Y7ePBAbu/4GIOcWU5kZra5Nsa7Jr6wcGgYNFs8su0hR8rXtWyjDPaaCZky043skT9lYNZ41BaRobBTeKKBO4WVokgSkIAEJCCBaSGQ5WuMovLlp/KFrHIbQhe5a+ONa2Z1WZLniBGHsZttB6RZG2XMnGL44ji/dHFjW0DkzZYHDOOEwyDPHt0NQ/FIF3G3hCllyazroYVDjcw8CFxZ3myMb0lgxA1k4od7fenVYZk//cgnGzbh37Vs5ex19jjDIKwiBnxgz/YE/Bv2j54cylKWN3Gm/aiBO+01pHwSkIAEJCCBu0iAmUkMHhzGYvaFZkaVvbgxynYjZjljyD81IR8MOxzp56W2Mg9mTxMus8nZY4vM2TuacBhwGMMYfq+c/3qZVKfzGIzhwN7YGNS5FyORBOtZ7y6ZfPHWS3nMnIYDMuN2UrbIh6ylEVvKwkw5jGEYY5q8w7R80CjjTfO5Bu40146ySUACEpCABKaAAMYnhmwMRkTinH2b2UawWzFJj5nc2pAl/W9deHPLHlAMt/JFN+KXX1NAnmx1iGHKPdJ/48Kbm8rSVXYMvZIBRiFsSpk5J18cM595MaxrHsSHa5kPZYVNea9r2WAUIxcZ4JmHicgEHxjnQSb32/KN37Qf7+HjuNMsJE8b7DvRSUACd4aAOnZnuJqqBCCgfu19O2BrRGZOMfp0801glI45gzvf7cLSS0ACEpCABCQggZkjoIE7c1VqgSQgAQlIQAISkMB8E/A7uPNd/5ZeAhKQgAQk0CsC7Ckt9972SniF3TcCzuDuG2ozkoAEJCABCUhAAhLYDwIauPtB2TwkIAEJSEACEpCABPaNQC++orBvNMxIAhKQgAQkIAEJSKBXBNq+ttWLPbhtgveKvMJKYIoJjPrEyhSLrGgS6A0B9as3VaWgPSWAjrU5tyi0UfGeBCQgAQlIQAISkEBvCWjg9rbqFFwCEpCABCQgAQlIoI2ABm4bFe9JQAISkIAEJCABCfSWgAZub6tOwSUgAQlIQAISkIAE2gho4LZR8Z4EJCABCUhAAhKQQG8JaOD2tuoUXAISkIAEJCABCUigjYAGbhsV70lAAhKQgAQkIAEJ9JaABm5vq07BJSABCUhAAhKQgATaCGjgtlHxngQkIAEJSEACEpBAbwlo4Pa26hRcAhKQgAQkIAEJSKCNgAZuGxXvSUACEpCABCQgAQn0loAGbm+rTsElIAEJSEACEpCABNoIaOC2UfGeBCQgAQlIQAISkEBvCWjg9rbqFFwCEpCABCQgAQlIoI3AWAP30lsXB/ff96HBRx/48GBtba0tvvckMBGB5597bvDaq0vDOLStZ86cGV57IgEJjCdQ6wz6hF7FoU+E0UlAAu0E6nGoPZR3+05gvIF78eLg8JEjjXGLsauTwG4IXL92bVC3ox/++EeDV86f302yxpXAXBGodeb1paVNExDoE2F0EpDAVgJt49DWUN6ZBQIjDVwaAb+HFxcbI/fK8vIslNcySEACEpCABCQgAQnMOIGRBm4M2sXji42RG4N3xnnMRPHYTsLWkq++9FKzdMk5v08/8snBlcubH1RurK42WwQS5uMPfWzLLCvpseyZMI+fOjVMl3YRR34JU+dHvuSPI1yWUMvlVvIm7dpxD7840uJe8uK8lCPhPEpgvwjQjln2rPUE/SodKxjoQdl2a52s9Yj2XaYTnYmecyQN0kQPyi0K5XkpB9saEp77XfqBMr7nEuhKoO6vab/lNrW0RY7089GNMgx50c7RsfhzRFdKh27xIy75EKbMD1naxiHSqPMv4+Efvax1uNweFFnqtNBD5C9dnQ56XvYFpIH89diWMiat7fgm3Fwe10e43/rNh9Y/99nPNr6rP/3p+q/88n3rX/7Sl0aEvnO3yVc3GYEPPvigqS/Yvfzii01k7lGfH/m1B9Y5x3Gknj/1iUfWqWPc0jdebeJe/PZbzTV/8G8LQ/rXfvKTJtzTn/98k1bS4WadH2GJQx5xyENcHLLiX6aRtpdyXP2Lq02YtE3iJZ8yXtL3uD0BmOt2R4B2DMe0y+gb+hV9Q6cIU/ajhOce7RpHOyettGXionukE1fqDPfqa/SJe7jlP7vcpF/qM/ej95x37QeaBP0zMYF51i/aFm2xbPP1GJNrwtFecdGVcqyIHmTMISxxonPEI0z0MHpH3txL2m3jUGRIGNKq72V8Io/IEDkzPpXxIju6TBx+cYlXcqn7guSfvBK3TKsL38Sb5eMoHWudweWJgCf6hxePN0b/oYWFwdFjRzc9Xczl00DPCk29PXv2bCP1wYMHm/rkKfKdqyvNPZ5IqecXzn1lQFjck0+dHjx8fHHw2tLGi2A8ZfIE+eTp05vCsDc7jjRoMydOnhyGwe/EyUebp9bkl/CjjmyHwS0Xs8w5jx9Py8j6xoULw2Q4P3Dw4ODl6ml+GMATCewDgbJdom/oHrqBDuHQKfTmhXPnhtLQdomXmaiVqytNW44+ks53vvfdwds/+P4wziQn6DJpXVm+PIyGPm/07xv61qUfGEb2RAITEKDvZ8w5fPj2eMEY8+777w1OPHpyU0pPnN4Ye7iJH22X/eU4ZjNpt188e7bRIe7hTxx0ppz5xA8dQ3dwjF2469dvrzY2N4o/ly5ebNIjzbjIV8djnMv4Rxj0Cxlw6BX6RDqUE4c/YyzyUw5cl76gCbjNn0n4bpPUTHq3GriXLr7VNI5UMCXH2KWhprOeSRozVqjDRw5vKlEUPjdRSpQvypr7dEYoKv4oN/FKxSdcDE7OSSMdFsrNL8u1SbPLETn4ZXsMcTjPfWTix8NW7ShrV0O6juu1BPaCQN0uabfozjsrV5vBjbZb6k3yJF5pdBKOfhY92gvHNrPr164Pl0jRKeRK/96lH9gLOUxj/gg8eOxoMz7wgIVxVxuiJRHaaekYh7A5xo1DibOycnUYlbbNmBTH5Md2jgfIV86fb2TMGPbbxba4Mv64cRVZcUePHiujNGPYpH3BpgRGXEzCd0QSM3373rp0dK6pJPZ/1I4nnXSMtZ/X/SJwc22t6UDa6pmSxL9LqegU6MAycHLkKbptf9K49DAASIsBH8cxs9B0djgG/1EPWoQhb50E9ptAW7tjoF1buzm4sXpjpDiJR9vNrA8GAf0wOkUazBrFb2RCIzzQKdJBZ0iDVREGxuQbPR/XD4xI2tsSGEuANvatC28OsBuGX/s4szH7ymzsOEN04ZaRSvscpT8xXjM2jBVmjCeGN/tkcdg3yP218+db3wkZk8zwIZJxr23sm6QvGJdP/CbhmzjzdNxi4GZJmGUxZiBKR4XRSWJ01H5lOM/7QYDOgQ6Guh7leDKm8xhnOGYgZvCMMUp6o4zQUXlxn86FjjAPWShwHqg4x9X5jEtPPwncTQJMGDDjc2jh0EgxMjhnsKd988OhQxi7PPQx4NcrKSMTLTyyAsJMMufIhHER16UfSFiPEpiUAO2acYEfbZ3+nQcujNZxY8/qrRc0N9rnoabd1nlj/OJiDNf+Xa+xbdCNUh70ZFKXMYrZ4FG6msmbtrQ39wUbs8Ft4cp7O+VbpjGr51u2KPCklQ6xLjSzCLhyCbkO43V/CLA0ihJHqSI5gylvkHI/e6fq5X8Gy7gobMLm/o0bO+sgmF2iHfIrZ5pQZH4xfpMPx/rN0tLPcwnsB4G6XaIX6NCDR481fSptt63vJB5+GRxLWXm4y0NjBvzSv+s5s7jk8/rSq01e5eDbpR/omo/hJDCOAG2c9kz7qw3IeozJ9jjaZ7Yr1FscMiF36NDtLQnj8m/zi56ST+nY1jOpSxr1vl36AcZUxlbsq0n6AmZ9S1dzK/3G8S3Dzcv5JgOXDhB4MWRrCDF806hqf6/7RSCb779w5syws2HGiKdrNu+jLAyw1Dub4qNY+JeDeZSavdtxhOGHiwGdAfzmTZacRhu/i4vHG3/C1HuZkJkOKctJpM/TN/diCEQGjxLYTwK0wSxL0naff+7LzUCWFYi03YRBtnwCLC+e5UGt1A8GRXQn+w3rMjHDlSXc6FodBhlIA72NviZMl34gYT1KYBICGKRsfclYQFzuYcyWD1nc5yVhdAhHeMIxDuFY0WAcKsPgz2ww7Tk61gTe5k89DsXgxK6J3pF2XloepVNt2WC4Iks9/jHGoqfD8twax8b1BdHTclylvyjlQc6ufNvknfV7mwzctpfLagDMBNAIAAto4Oa7cnVYr6ebAMrIkgyKl+8PMphiKGaJlBK8ceHNZok1YZi9TYdCGnQQDNA88dIe+BEmBmdmckvlJ61SUUtSdHyEpSNKPvHnmuUflqaSF/lyLx1CwnqUwH4SQA/oG2mXtG+2JaBfGVBpu7WeIF/ZdtE1tjRE10gLt6GD7bNUMZwbvbv1kktdbmRgNQSXr+MkTNd+IOE9SqArAfpy2jwrF+mvmZzA0MtDXdLiAe7xU4814Vi9w78eh+jjsTdIi3TQqfKLOklr3LFtHHrl/NcbPY3eMaHDRB9hJ53JRW7GPsqAnMzc4tiLPElf0DauZjUo5ZuEb+LM0/Eevo02zQWmgfCGvm66CPDkyUOO/xJ0uuplJ9KoYzuhtjkOgxgGJMaqTgIlAfWrpLH1nNlOJlZ4GMSo00lgUgKjdGzTDO6kiRp+9gnQ+dB4yhfGMGz5Zbll9ilYQglIQAISkIAE+kRgy1cU+iS8st55Alki4gk7+4VYtsG4jd+dl8IcJCABCUhAAhKQQHcCblHozsqQEphJAqOWd2aysBZKAvtMQP3aZ+BmN3cERumYWxTmrilYYAlIQAISkIAEJDDbBDRwZ7t+LZ0EJCABCUhAAhKYOwIauHNX5RZYAhKQgAQkIAEJzDYBDdzZrl9LJwEJSEACEpCABOaOgAbu3FW5BZaABCQgAQlIQAKzTUADd7br19JJQAISkIAEJCCBuSOggTt3VW6BJSABCUhAAhKQwGwT0MCd7fq1dBKQgAQkIAEJSGDuCGjgzl2VW2AJSEACEpCABCQw2wQ0cGe7fi2dBCQgAQlIQAISmDsCGrhzV+UWWAISkIAEJCABCcw2gXvW19fXp7mI/I9hnQQkIAEJSEACEpCABNoIvPv+e1tu37vlzhTeaBN8CsVUJAn0kgAPkepYL6tOoXtAQP3qQSUpYq8JjJoIdYtCr6tV4SUgAQlIQAISkIAEagIauDURryUgAQlIQAISkIAEek1AA7fX1afwEpCABCQgAQlIQAI1AQ3cmojXEpCABCQgAQlIQAK9JqCB2+vqU3gJSEACEpCABCQggZqABm5NxGsJSEACEpCABCQggV4T0MDtdfUpvAQkIAEJSEACEpBATUADtybitQQkIAEJSEACEpBArwlo4Pa6+hReAhKQgAQkIAEJSKAmoIFbE/FaAhKQgAQkIAEJSKDXBDRwe119Ci8BCUhAAhKQgAQkUBPQwK2JeC0BCUhAAhKQgAQk0GsCGri9rj6Fl4AEJCABCUhAAhKoCWjg1kS8loAEJCABCUhAAhLoNYEtBu5XX3ppcP99H2r9Pf/cc4O1tbVeF1jh7y4B2tBrry4NhfjoAx8ePHPmzPDaEwlIYDyBWmfQJ/QqDn0ijE4CEthbAlcuLw8eP3VqbxM1tTtG4N5RKX/ne98dHD5yZOh9/dq1wTNnnh5cv/bYAD+dBCYlQBu69NbFwbNnzw6j/vDHPxqeeyIBCWxPoNaZ15eWBg8eOzqM+Mr588NzTyQggb0jsLx8eXD92vW9Sz3IiJAAACAASURBVNCU7iiBLTO4o3LD2D1x8uQAI4WfTgISkIAEJCABCUhAAtNIoLOBG+EPHjw4OLSwkEuPU0iAbSRsM2G7CUuX2XLy6Uc+OWCJpXQ3VlebLQIJ8/GHPtbMspZhSI9lz4RhiSbplg879faWMj/y5RpHuCyhlsut5N22/MM9/OKyTFTKU8qRcB4lsF8EaMfoRK0n6FfpWMFAD8q2W+tkrUe0/zKd6Ez0nCNpkCZ6UG5RKM9LOdjWkPDc79IPlPE9n10CaVddxo/t2nPaJe2Ndly2+7JNj6LZRRf2Qu+6yJnxLHyy1a7WHcpY6mzCd+FZpzVqPM74G56kXbr0EeW9lJFj3HZ8E66vx84GLlAuXdxYXsbI1U0/ARSQunr3/fcGLGsePHigGYRROBzHz516bHBj9cbg7R98vwnHLD3KQ8cV93gV5sGjxzb5E46BdPny8jAd8izze/j44nBrC1sU6mVW0lg8vjhYubqyaTBH4bmHH45z8sKRBz/choybjYnGwz8S2CcC6MzNtbWhvpEt+hV9wx/dOnzk8Ka2S3umXeMYcAgXfURP1tZuNunUxYhuc0S/0IVyWxnhFxePN/mX+sx9+nLC8uvaD9T5ez3bBLYbP7q05xBiG83Di8ebNsoWx9XVG82Wx/i3HbvqAnLsVu+S/zg5kRs9i949+dTpJho6nvzRQXQXnWVLZ+m249lVDxnr6C+Qh/zYkgQDjOpJXFe+k6Q5bWFHGrjlLANPCXTCGBvprKetIMqzlQAz7dnv2gyCtwa7d4rBlDp94dxXhrPyKC1K/NrSxotgKA6zQk+ePr0pTDmQkgYPQBjH5ez+iZOPNu0l+W2VcPOdhxc3jFgM5bicxw8DgTzeuHAhQZrzAwcPDl6unmKHATyRwD4QKNsl+obuoRvoEA6dQm9eOHduKA3tmHgMNjgGLtpy9Ih0GMgYNHfi0GXSurJ8eRgdfUau6BR5b9cPDCN7MjcEaDfjxo8u7TmwaIcnHj3ZXKIDR48dbcaVcfZEV11AzowHO9W7ncqJbqM74UQ6yNNWvu14dtFDjGT094tnzw4fZmH7xOnTTd9Rzs6mTKOOXfmOit+H+yMN3Dwd8ISQpxIqjUqYBGIfIMyqjMwUlQ7lLx0NHKUrjVX8Dx8+0igt/tevX2ueWFGi0mVw5B5p0EbowGgf/DBEM9Naxht3jhz8rizfNnA5z306En60w9pR1q6GdB3XawnsBYG6XdJu0bl3Vq42gxJtt9Sb5JnBMP4cGTjRo71wrH7wYkyMCXQKuWJwdOkH9kIO0+gXgXHjR/2QVJasbM+5f+jQ5m2N9ViUcOURXemiC3uhd8l3UjnRIcY+XMY+ZlIxRGs3jidhu+jhqPF4uMK5crXOduR1V74jE+iBx8ivKNSyY8Q8cfqpphJWVq42s3x1GK/7RYBlFQY9ZujbXPzb/Op7KHeWYFB6OjBmqjB0J3EoHWnRgeI45uk4AzSDf2bF6rQJ06XzrON5LYHdEmhrd/SbLFeyDWiUSzzabpY9mXFlwEOnSIPVkfiNSmfUfXSKdNAZ0mBVhK8uJN/o+bh+YFTa3p9PAl3bcxc6GTvKsEywpb1vpwtpx2X8SfWujDvpOQYtusoDLcY2W/g4bzNyx6XdRQ9HcWfVB5cxclw+8evKN+H7eOxs4FI49lTiJoHYRyjzInOWQulMRjkeZqhvfm0dCfEyEKMwMUa5P8oIHZUX9zGO2QdFmjjyzExT8q/zGZeefhK4mwSYgWLm5tDCoZFipD9lUMbRvjP4oEMM8BgBCwsLO5pYyAoIM8mcIxNLnHFd+oGE9SgBCHRtz6MMspIiY0Y5bpR+O9WFSfWui5ylXDnHiGWsYh9suco56cQO6XXRQz5TRtlqh3GMo4+YxO2U7yR53M2wI7cotAmV77+xhK3rPwGeNlGWDLApEYMpb2FyP3VdL/8zWMZltjVhc//Gja2KGL9RR4xYZpd4CYZfOdOEAcAvxm+ZBnvG+ekkcLcI1O0SvUCHMqND2y2330RO4uGXB7jc58jDXQb/1ZaBrQw77pxZXPJ5fenVJq9yMO7SD4xLW7/5I8CD0k7a825IjdKFO6F3XeVkywCu/A4117GVuqZDuC56yBhLn1JvE827KuUWixi9kWG7/mMU38Tv47GzgYshhMFBo86MWh8LrMy3CfDiGO4Lt14g5JwZI55K2bSe2dNmuWVpafjkmKfWpIRiNnEvvpVbTRpZookBnQH85s21YVrDCMUJb37T3vgdPXqs8Bk0L7thOJT7e3laLrcybIrghQT2iQBtMDM3tN3nn/vypv4SfSvDIFY+J5QXz/KgRvw4HjjRneyzy/0cmfnJDFR0LX450meTBsZA9DV+XfqBhPUogRDo0p4TdifHrrpQ6tRO9a6rfBnD0DPyyqQOq45xjE3IhKuNzIRpO3bRQ2ZcGY95oTp5YOySP3od2wyDGyO7DlPm25VvGadv5yMNXAqfb6xx5HtsLLV968Kbw5kGKhk/wur6R4CHFbYnMEBSv9QlgykzRlkipVRvXHizWZJKGGZvo0ikgcIxQKNQaTOEycxTZnLzcIThS1qjBmNmlwhLZ5J8QpdrloPoOJIX+XKvHrgTx6ME9oMAesCgR7ukfbOMi35lUKTt1nqCXGXbRdfoZ6NrpIXb0MH25ccYGoStV1pSbmTILBOfaypd136gjOO5BLq0591Q6qoLe6F3XeVkLzzjJSucTPhliZ8xLeMRupaxb5KZ3K56CBfGuthoGNTURb4kQVnoZ9D3hLl08a1m0qosZ1e+ZZy+nd+zvr6+Ps1C02jyluI0yzlvsjFTxZNj2/ds541F38urju2+BhnwGFAwVnUSKAmoXyWNvT1X7/aWZ19TG6VjI2dw+1pQ5d5bAnkyLV8Yw7DlxzYGnQQkIAEJSEACEpg2AhN9RWHahFeeO08gWxXYupD9hSylYNzG785LYQ4SkIAEJCABCUigOwG3KHRnZUgJzCSBUcs7M1lYCyWBfSagfu0zcLObOwKjdMwtCnPXFCywBCQgAQlIQAISmG0CGrizXb+WTgISkIAEJCABCcwdAQ3cuatyCywBCUhAAhKQgARmm4AG7mzXr6WTgAQkIAEJSEACc0dAA3fuqtwCS0ACEpCABCQggdkmoIE72/Vr6SQgAQlIQAISkMDcEdDAnbsqt8ASkIAEJCABCUhgtglo4M52/Vo6CUhAAhKQgAQkMHcENHDnrsotsAQkIAEJSEACEphtAhq4s12/lk4CEpCABCQgAQnMHQEN3LmrcgssAQlIQAISkIAEZpvAPevr6+vTXET+x7BOAhKQgAQkIAEJSEACbQTeff+9Lbfv3XJnCm+0CT6FYiqSBHpJgIdIdayXVafQPSCgfvWgkhSx1wRGTYS6RaHX1arwEpCABCQgAQlIQAI1AQ3cmojXEpCABCQgAQlIQAK9JqCB2+vqU3gJSEACEpCABCQggZqABm5NxGsJSEACEpCABCQggV4T0MDtdfUpvAQkIAEJSEACEpBATUADtybitQQkIAEJSEACEpBArwlo4Pa6+hReAhKQgAQkIAEJSKAmoIFbE/FaAhKQgAQkIAEJSKDXBDRwe119Ci8BCUhAAhKQgAQkUBPQwK2JeC0BCUhAAhKQgAQk0GsCGri9rj6Fl4AEJCABCUhAAhKoCWjg1kS8loAEJCABCUhAAhLoNQEN3F5Xn8JLQAISkIAEJCABCdQENHBrIl5LQAISkIAEJCABCfSawEgD98bq6uCrL700uP++Dw1/n37kk4PXXl3qdYEV/s4SoH3QZq5fu9ZkRDt6/NSp4TX38bcd3dl6MPX5JHDl8nKjbym9+hYSHiVwm8Dzzz3nGHQbx8yetRq4dJIff+hjjVHy9g++P3j3/fea38OLi43R+8yZMzMLxILtjsCTT51u2srhI0eahJYvLw9Wrq4ME+U+7YlwOglIYG8JLC9fHly/dn2YqPo2ROGJBBoCPPRdeuuiNOaAwL11GZlx4+nm6LGjgzcuXNjkjVFy8+Za8+RzZXF58PDxxU3+XkhAAhKQgAQkIAEJSOBuE9gyg/va0tJgbW1t8MTpp1ple+L0aWffWslM701m3LO9JFtOmKFnpr501DsPNwnDkW0qpcsSaMJ89IEPb1rqKbcoEDfxyR85yiXT8rzMg3PSLVcKSBeZky9+yKuTwN0gkO1bzATRttMu0Z/adWm7pFO2b+LUOsDkA+0+eXFk+w/3cciBfqIX+JFGqWPleS1jnVfKl7xISyeBnRDoOmbUelK3uS7jEzrAj7i0adovx6SFLPjjaOP4xdX5l/ESnvT2UueRJTqGLiNfHPLgh96WLmXMve34JtxcHtcr91u/+dD6R37tgeru3bv8lV++7+5lPiM5P/35z6/D8VOfeGR99ac/bUr15S99qbl39S+uDkuJP/V/7Sc/ae4t/9nlpi187rOfba4/+OCD5pq4cUvfeLVJ5+K332pu5Tpp1NfcRxbu45Jn0uNIWoQhf1zSSBzKQDx+ut0TUMcmZ/jyiy82bZQ2mLaedotfXJe2m3h1+6Ze0N04dDO6yL02PSB82X/vRN/IgzSif+kHSr2PTB63JzDP+jXJmFG2uVonoJyxIvqWdlnqBGHgzT3yxmWsS3uudYIw0dOEabt3J3S+1ClkRvaMyZEp5W0Kc4tDxr4ufBNvlo+jdGzLDO7NtbXBgYMH59LYn/VCv3DuK4NDCwtNMV84d645f33p1eaap0WeFL949uwg+2fZgsKMPXtoeUp85+pKMzt0+PDG/loiZs/tiUdP7ggf+7qZgSr36a6sXG1kI3/8eNLmPPt2KQNlQd48me8ocyNJYJcETpw8OdQXdIC2mbbcte2yaobOle37ydOb96gza0R6z549O5SYvNhKhh50Xc3YTt/IB/nR+2xBSz+AXz2bNBTGEwm0EJhkzCjbHLpEu3t9aWPloMv4VGbP+Hbwlh0TXbp+ffNMaBn+0sWLTX5p8/hlTKvj7aXOI2ccW0LRaca7rm4Svl3TnKVwWwzcWSqcZblNAMWJ4Zq7h48cHr6QghLTIZQKTrjFW/usMTofPHa0UcAry5cbw7JcTkmakx7pRMj3nZWrTVQGapR2mO+tF9SOHj22KWnKUsbb5OmFBPaJADpUugyq3IuhO67tYrTyw/AsHXpYpoWe8HImjgGQH0uakz7gbadvGcyjf5EJQxqXMuW+RwmMIzDJmFG3OSZSGA9oc13Gp8iB3jDexXWZsONl+lfOn2/0Kfr12w99LElsOu5W53lIbNN5MskDK/5d3CR8u6Q3a2G2GLg0BmZxdbNFoBwsU7KFhYWmA6ETubF6I7c3HdM5EIY0vnXhzcZQ5sk6+wE5dlXITYkPBk2aKClfW8AxS0ReGfA5x9V7g9mbhN/a2s3G3z8SmDYCXdpuwnSRHYOW/XcxMh88emw469slPmHQ4S76Vu4HRteyb5GXjHUS6EpgkjEjY03SZnzCYY90GZ8SbydHJmto5xi30cmvnT8/cVKJO268GlUWMss4nXS2E2ASvtulNYv+W76iwFMUswJ0onlqrwtOY1hdXZ24c63T8fruEqAOURB+hxYOtRqpedhJZ8OTMcuk/FBCDF3aC0r7ne99d0cFWlw83myBoM0xk8vsbGabo/A8XdezyzvKzEgS2CcCXdpuHgy3MxzTJ9d60PZS23bF66JvP/zxj4aD7Xbp6S+BcQR2OmYwPuEwfLuOT+PkGOeHHjHmlGNYdHNcvNqvi86P2+YTw3ZjBvr25zXrfMrrnfIt05jV8y0zuOyDoZKyN7MuOMYtM3a6fhFAWaM8kZzvZWa5JctB9baDzKweOnR7ySfxaScYuhieO+kMkg7xUVLaHEZuZm/xz0NWlk4Th7LwlitP3DoJTCOBLm2Xds8vs7IpB9elvqb9M/tauvKbt+X9cefj9C3769kmVLrMcNX9QxnGcwlsR2DcmFG3uWxLQI92Mj5tJ0v8s4c9+nr7/u3vSefedsekEX1N+HK8wpBG568s3/5iQsKh9/jFUOZ+vUo5bqwdxzd5zNNxi4ELIDY+A5olsfJpA2MC45ZKzAsR8wSrz2VFwb5QfFqLukVR8jk46hPFe/mll4Z1zmDGDC31zd69DHLlvj/u0TGNml2NojLDO04xWTnIIF/uxULZyZs8k2/KwpM9D2Q6CUwjga5tl5dg6GfTvtGT+sEthmdeuqG89MXpn7PSEn1DR3aib+ha+oEYs+RBv0A/MErPp5G/Mt19ApOMGeXYgy4QN/17l/Gpa2mjI6yaoCMxOJnMic6QN/Lg0KWublKdL1dgMibnxbMYy5cuvjXMnjClPJPwHSYyRydbDFzKTifGVD0GRPmdNgwQZuzKfwAB7HKP1hyx61VRUWqUj1lP6gtHHUeJuH7jwpvNdeqcAZQBL/VNu0D5ePIkDX6EoROKUtZQiEMehHvmzNO19/A6s7aERc7SkTbtjjddyTPfLmQ/cDqrMrznEpgWAl3aLjpGuLRv9r+iD7TtbA1igOfHwB/dwx+9wGUmlze86bfREdIb5cbpG/0CD5noLHnRH6CX6QdGpel9CdQEJhkzaHOPn3qsaXO0XXSCNh+33fiUcNsdSyMUXcOGeeX81xt9y95zvmyCLhE2urVduvGfROdJO/pMfLYgZUzG8CatMgz77rkfNwnfxJmn4z18G22aC0zl5+3haZZzmmVjoGKWlX11OgnUBNSxmsjdv2YmicEWA7Yc5O++ZEowKQH1azwxHtpYseDBqjTexsfSVwK3CYzSsdYZ3NvRPJOABCQggTtJgNnWeumRpcvMNN3JvE1bAhKQwKwS0MCd1Zq1XBKQQC8IsPSKy/YhZiPYZuAWnF5Un0JKQAJTSsAtClNaMYolgf0iMGp5Z7/yNx8JzDIB9WuWa9eyTQOBUTrmDO401I4ySEACEpCABCQgAQnsGQEN3D1DaUISkIAEJCABCUhAAtNAQAN3GmpBGSQgAQlIQAISkIAE9oyABu6eoTQhCUhAAhKQgAQkIIFpIKCBOw21oAwSkIAEJCABCUhAAntGQAN3z1CakAQkIAEJSEACEpDANBDQwJ2GWlAGCUhAAhKQgAQkIIE9I6CBu2coTUgCEpCABCQgAQlIYBoIaOBOQy0ogwQkIAEJSEACEpDAnhHQwN0zlCYkAQlIQAISkIAEJDANBDRwp6EWlEECEpCABCQgAQlIYM8IaODuGUoTkoAEJCABCUhAAhKYBgL3rK+vr0+DIKNkuP++D43y8r4EJCABCUhAAhKQwJwTePf997YQuHfLnSm80Sb4FIqpSBLoJQEeItWxXladQveAgPrVg0pSxF4TGDUR6haFXlerwktAAhKQgAQkIAEJ1AQ0cGsiXktAAhKQgAQkIAEJ9JqABm6vq0/hJSABCUhAAhKQgARqAhq4NRGvJSABCUhAAhKQgAR6TUADt9fVp/ASkIAEJCABCUhAAjUBDdyaiNcSkIAEJCABCUhAAr0moIHb6+pTeAlIQAISkIAEJCCBmoAGbk3EawlIQAISkIAEJCCBXhPQwO119Sm8BCQgAQlIQAISkEBNQAO3JuK1BCQgAQlIQAISkECvCWjg9rr6FF4CEpCABCQgAQlIoCaggVsT8VoCEpCABCQgAQlIoNcENHB7XX0KLwEJSEACEpCABCRQE9DArYl4LQEJSEACEpCABCTQawJbDNyvvvTS4P77PtT6e+bMmcH1a9d6XWCFv7MEXnt1qWk7aSc3VlcHj586NWw33Kd9EU4nAQlMTuCjD3x4QF8chy49/9xzuWz8CKOTgAT2lsCVy8vNeLa3qZranSKwxcBNRq+cPz949/33hr+3f/D9wc21tcGnH/nkYOXqSoJ5lMAmAk8+dbppM4ePHGnuL19e3tReuE+7IpxOAhKYnMAPf/yjAf1z3OtLS4O1tbVcNn6E0UlAAntLYHn58uD6tet7m6ip3TECIw3cOsdDCwuDNy5cGHAsZwvqcF5LQAISkIAEJCABCUjgbhLobOBGyBMnTw5Ydr701sXc8jjlBFjOZOY92wfYIvDxhz42YLmldMwC8fBSblFhy0rpskSTMCyFltsNkgdbEYib+OSfLS7ZojBuu0LbMiwyJ1/SKmetShk9l8B+E6C9oju0y7RRtubQV5aOfhNdKMPUelhvE6vTiW7Q/kmHI2lwjk4hA2Fw5XkpR6mn3EfOUnZ0zT6+JDY/52lXtMNyPKDd1m11u/acdkl7ox2X7b7WjTbCXXRhL/Sui5wpf/hk3Kt1hzKWOpvwXXjWabXpIemV9UJ+pF269BHlvZSxrMPt+Jbx+3g+sYGbpefr192L26cKZ+C7srw8YKsJWwSOHjvaDGjldpPHTz3WbCf4zve+24RhGZQODGXFRbGYxc/2lSdOn26Uq20wfPbs2QE/HGmWy6rcoy3xu3Rx88MSaZHX4uLxJi4dCYrIwxX5UoYbqzcGyKuTwLQQoN2yjYs2mi0Cnzv12PBBDH8GpsNHDg/1B9kxLKOHtHPCRU9JZ23t5oB0anfw4MEmHY4PH19sztM/Jyw6hC6RZunQuegf/qSPTiVfdA1Z63hlGp7PNgH63bQx2uHBgweaNkF7wXVpzyHENpqHF483bZSxYHX1xuCZM0/Hu/XYVReQY7d6FwHGyYnc6FmYZJsdupP8Mz6hs3X5tuPZVQ+3G6dTlu2OXflul840+09s4NLIcWnk01w4ZdtM4IVzX2m2mHD3hXPnmvPXl15tAqF8GMFfPHu2Gfi4iTJjwDL48tT3ztWVpt4PH97YX0uY7Lk98ejJJp1J/zy8uNjMHmWAJ/7KytVGNvLniRZF5DwdCgY2ZUFe5NZJYBoIZBsXsjAI8nBH+42R+NrSUqNb6F5ctn3RxnHowYGDB4d6SjoMrBieO3HoDXJdWb48jI7eIBe6hyNvrsv+AV0jLjLr5pMA7SYTFLRDDFTGfcYBXJf2HHK0pYwRPFgxwUI7HGdHdNWFvdC7ncqJbqM74UQ6yNNWvu14dtHDLuN0yrLdsSvf7dKZZv+JDdxpLoyyjSaActWzO8wkZcM8M/JNJ3Z8Y9BLSou3rjE6Hzx2dDhYomjlUkfCT3qk0yPfd1auNlHTgQ7zvdWZHj16bFPSlKWMt8nTCwncBQIMaqUr22htVJbhMhjG6OTIwBmjtwy7k3N0CT2PMcFKDroTg4OBrrV/OHykGbzx180fAcaH0tFm4rq254Q/dGghp82xTGuTR3GRyY/tdGEv9C7ZTionOsSsLQ595ceKZ9vEyziexO+ih13G6ZRlu2NXvtulM83+904qHFPvuIWFzQ120nQMv78E2joU6vDK2nIz8LE82eaYTcIxOJLGty682WwpGL65fWZjppeZXwbJSR1pYjjztQWegunMyCuzSxmUWS7lV7u0x/q+1xLYbwJtOoZO0EZH6RcyJh5tPasUzLgy4DFQkgZbBuI3abnQJdJBt0gDXUPnki/Lq+TNXr42h79OAiWBru25jDPqHKOwNghZtUh7304X0o7L9CfVuzLupOcYtOhqZqYfPHqsOa/LtF26XfRwFPdynN4un/h35ZvwfTxObODy5IYrl6n7WHBlHgxWV1ebQY4O4tDCoWa2puaSwS0PNHQcGKL8GBQxdFFkFI9OaSeOfYLMBtNJMJNLR8EPl86L/bssc+kk0CcCzMYyc4N+jXJ5iEO3cAw8GXwwShngMQLQwZ3oQPQpuoVMPJDGZUvETvU36XicHwJd2/Mog6wklfGkvJfznerCpHrXRc7IVB4Z+xi36vGpbTKmjNd23kUP+UwZZatdPU7X/qOud8p3VHrTdn/iLQq8nEBHvJOOdtoKP0/yoBQZSFNuli2zbMIDC/71tgNme3D10g33MD7pnGgLbUqXfLY7Ep82xX5gOovM3hIvy0/1S43IypuiDPw6CUwDAdpu6bLHMDM6tHG2B9SOePjlYa70ZwkUHcPxQLpTh06RDzpW99/oWFv/gG6hY3W/sVMZjDc7BHho2kl73g2BUbpwJ/Suq5wZl1gRKV22/pX3tjvvooeTjNMxepPvdv3HKL6J38djZwOXzpqpeKC9cv7rfSzrXMvMIPWF4tNa1CWD2hOnn2q48CRHp/XySy81m/+5ibHLDC2KR+PnmmXMcumFe7x0MOqBJ4M2T8jjjGD2Caajyv5bZKATJW/yTL4pC0+8vASnk8A0EKCPzMwNbf355748bL/I9+Tp041uJQz3ood58YxPEfErdQVDEz0q9aIsL3qQGahRxig6RBroWB4akwZy4egfki8zx+gb+hUdTniPEoBAl/a8G1JddWEv9K6rnNEF9AxdyUo242QcX0VBJlxtZCZM27GLHnYZp0kbgxsjO3JkLC/z7cq3jNO385EGbvlNRIwaYGBssIyV5WMKS0XHv2+Fnyd5UUzqjxmZ7LWjLsvB7o0LbzbX1DVhaAMMjLzpjcOIZSBmFgr/hGEQzABdMyUOeZBW/dmUMmxmbQmLnKUjbWaxWD0gT8qAYz9wOpwyvOcSuBsE6BcZ9GijfL+SZVx0LG0UXaItM/BEf5CT5c3oITrIqkr5zWfCcL/Wi5QxhgZp5g33+OWIDJll4m340qVfx1BOvhjV6BwDqk4CbQS6tOe2eF3vddWFvdC7rjKxFx49YQxiPMoSPw+D0Wl0Lasuk8zkdtXD7cZpykI/g75nLL908a0tk0Fd+XZlM43h7llfX1+fRsEiE40mbynmnsfJCGBcMvDl25yTxTb0rBNQx3Zfwwx4DCj1t553n7Ip9J2A+nXnalC9u3Ns+5TyKB0bOYPbp8IpqwQkIAEJSEACEpCABEJAAzckPEpAAhKQgAQkIAEJzASBiT8TNhOlnrNCuGw6ZxVucfedgNt/9h25GUrAbXe2gbEEnMEdi0dPCUhAAhKQgAQkIIG+EdDA7VuNKa8EJCABCUhAAhKQwFgCGrhj8egpAQlIQAISkIAEJNA3Ahq4fasx1rEJOAAAAQ9JREFU5ZWABCQgAQlIQAISGEtAA3csHj0lIAEJSEACEpCABPpGQAO3bzWmvBKQgAQkIAEJSEACYwlo4I7Fo6cEJCABCUhAAhKQQN8IaOD2rcaUVwISkIAEJCABCUhgLAEN3LF49JSABCQgAQlIQAIS6BsBDdy+1ZjySkACEpCABCQgAQmMJaCBOxaPnhKQgAQkIAEJSEACfSNwz/r6+vo0C33/fR+aZvGUTQISkIAEJCABCUjgLhJ49/33tuQ+9QbuFom9IQEJSEACEpCABCQggTEE3KIwBo5eEpCABCQgAQlIQAL9I6CB2786U2IJSEACEpCABCQggTEENHDHwNFLAhKQgAQkIAEJSKB/BP4/xq1BqDBhghQAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The Born-Haber cycle for potassium oxide is shown below:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Which expression represents the lattice enthalpy in kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>?</p>
<p>A. –361 + 428 + 838 + 612</p>
<p>B. –(–361) + 428 + 838 + 612</p>
<p>C. –361 + 428 + 838 – 612</p>
<p>D. –(–361) + 428 + 838 – 612</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">What is the correct order for <strong>increasing </strong>lattice enthalpy?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{MgO}} < {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}} < {\text{NaCl}} < {\text{CsCl}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{CsCl}} < {\text{NaCl}} < {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}} < {\text{MgO}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{NaCl}} < {\text{CsCl}} < {\text{MgO}} < {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{NaCl}} < {\text{CsCl}} < {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}} < {\text{MgO}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Consider the following information:</p>
<p>\[\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {{\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(s)}} \to {\text{CaO(s)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}}} \\ {\Delta H = + 179{\text{ kJ}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}} \\ {\Delta S = + 161.0{\text{ J}}\,{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}} \end{array}\]</p>
<p>What happens to the spontaneity of this reaction as the temperature is increased?</p>
<p>A. The reaction becomes more spontaneous as the temperature is increased.</p>
<p>B. The reaction becomes less spontaneous as the temperature is increased.</p>
<p>C. The reaction remains spontaneous at all temperatures.</p>
<p>D. The reaction remains non-spontaneous at all temperatures.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which equation represents the lattice enthalpy of calcium chloride?</p>
<p>A. \({\text{CaCl(s)}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^ + }{\text{(g)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(s)}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^{{\text{2}} + }}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{2C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^{{\text{2}} + }}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{2C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(s)}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^{{\text{2}} + }}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{2C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which ionic compound has the greatest lattice enthalpy?</p>
<p class="p1">A. MgO</p>
<p class="p1">B. CaO</p>
<p class="p1">C. NaF</p>
<p class="p1">D. KF</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">A reaction has a standard enthalpy change, \(\Delta {H^\Theta }\), of \({\text{ +10.00 kJ}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}\) at 298 K. The standard entropy change, \(\Delta {S^\Theta }\), for the same reaction is \({\text{ +10.00 J}}\,{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}\). What is the value of \(\Delta {G^\Theta }\) for the reaction in \({\text{kJ}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}\)?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>+9.75</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>+7.02</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>–240</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>–2970</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which process would be expected to have a \(\Delta {S^\Theta }\) value which is negative?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{NaCl(s)}} \to {\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + }{\text{(g)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({{\text{H}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{I}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{2HI(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{O}}{{\text{F}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(g)}} \to {{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{2HF(g)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The reaction between but-1-ene and water vapour produces butan-1-ol.</p>
<p class="p1">\[{{\text{C}}_4}{{\text{H}}_8}{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(g)}} \to {{\text{C}}_4}{{\text{H}}_9}{\text{OH(l)}}\]</p>
<p class="p1">The standard entropy values \({\text{(}}{S^\Theta }{\text{)}}\) for but-1-ene, water vapour and butan-1-ol are 310, 189 and \({\text{228 J}}\,{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}\) respectively. What is the standard entropy change for this reaction in \({\text{J}}\,{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}\)?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>–271</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>+271</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>–107</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>+107</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which combination of enthalpy change and entropy change produces a non-spontaneous reaction at <strong>all</strong> temperatures?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-11_om_08.29.24.png" alt="M14/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/15"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">When hydrogen peroxide decomposes, the temperature of the reaction mixture increases.</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(aq)}} \to {{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(l)}}\]</p>
<p class="p1">What are the signs of \(\Delta H\), \(\Delta S\) and \(\Delta G\) for this reaction?</p>
<p class="p1"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-10-21_om_08.35.58.png" alt="M11/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/15"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which ionic compound has the largest value of lattice enthalpy?</p>
<p class="p1">A. MgS</p>
<p class="p1">B. MgO</p>
<p class="p1">C. CaBr<sub><span class="s1">2 </span></sub></p>
<p class="p1">D. NaF</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which reaction has the greatest increase in entropy?</p>
<p>A. \({\text{2C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{OH(l)}} + {\text{3}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{2C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{4}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({{\text{N}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{3}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{2N}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({\text{2HCl(aq)}} + {\text{MgC}}{{\text{O}}_3}{\text{(s)}} \to {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{HCl(g)}} \to {\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_4}{\text{Cl(s)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which species are arranged in order of <strong>increasing </strong>entropy?</p>
<p>A. \({{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}{\text{(g) < C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{OH(l) < Hg(l) < Na(s)}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{OH(l) < }}{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}{\text{(g) < Hg(l) < Na(s)}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({\text{Na(s) < Hg(l) < C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{OH(l) < }}{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({\text{Na(s) < Hg(l) < }}{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}{\text{(g) < C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{OH(l)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which equation represents the electron affinity of chlorine?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Cl(g)}} + {{\text{e}}^ - } \to {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Cl(g)}} + {{\text{e}}^ - } \to {\text{Cl(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_2}({\text{g)}} + 2{{\text{e}}^ - } \to 2{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }({\text{g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Cl(g)}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ + }{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{e}}^ - }\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the correct definition of lattice enthalpy?</p>
<p>A. Enthalpy change when one mole of a solid ionic compound is separated into gaseous ions.</p>
<p>B. Enthalpy change when one mole of a solid ionic compound is separated into its ions in their standard state.</p>
<p>C. Enthalpy change when one mole of a solid ionic compound is formed from gaseous elements.</p>
<p>D. Enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from the elements in their standard states.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The Born-Haber cycle for the formation of magnesium oxide is shown below.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-21_om_07.40.14.png" alt="N14/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/17.01"></p>
<p>What is a correct description of the steps <strong>X</strong>, <strong>Y</strong> and <strong>Z</strong> in this cycle?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-21_om_07.42.15.png" alt="N14/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/17.02"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which combination of ions will give the greatest absolute lattice enthalpy?</p>
<p class="p1">A. A small positive ion with a high charge and a small negative ion with a high charge</p>
<p class="p1">B. A small positive ion with a low charge and a small negative ion with a low charge</p>
<p class="p1">C. A large positive ion with a high charge and a large negative ion with a high charge</p>
<p class="p1">D. A large positive ion with a low charge and a small negative ion with a low charge</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The rate expression for the reaction between iodine and propanone with an acid catalyst is found to be:</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{rate}} = k{{\text{[}}{{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{]}}^1}{{\text{[}}{{\text{I}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{]}}^0}{{\text{[C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COC}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{]}}^1}\]</p>
<p class="p1">What is the overall order of the reaction?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>0</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>1</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>2</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>3</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">\(\Delta {G^\Theta }\) calculations predict that a reaction is always spontaneous for which of the following combinations of \(\Delta {H^\Theta }\) and \(\Delta {S^\Theta }\)?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( + \Delta {H^\Theta }\) and \( + \Delta {S^\Theta }\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( + \Delta {H^\Theta }\) and \( - \Delta {S^\Theta }\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( - \Delta {H^\Theta }\) and \( - \Delta {S^\Theta }\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( - \Delta {H^\Theta }\) and \( + \Delta {S^\Theta }\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which row of the table correctly represents the equations for the lattice enthalpy of substance XY and the electron affinity of atom Y?</p>
<p class="p1"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-11-02_om_13.01.01.png" alt="N11/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/17"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">What is the standard entropy change, \(\Delta {S^\Theta }\), for the following reaction?</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{2CO(g)}} + {{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \to {\text{2C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}}\]</p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-10-17_om_13.47.12.png" alt="M09/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/18"></p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>–189</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>–173</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>+173</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>+189</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the enthalpy of solution of MgF<sub>2</sub>(s) in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Lattice enthalpy of MgF<sub>2</sub>(s) = 2926 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Hydration enthalpy of Mg<sup>2+</sup>(g) = −1963 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Hydration enthalpy of F<sup>−</sup>(g) = −504 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p>A. 2926 − 1963 + 2(−504)</p>
<p>B. 2926 − 1963 − 504</p>
<p>C. −2926 − (−1963) − (−504)</p>
<p>D. −2926 − (−1963) − 2(−504)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">When solid potassium chlorate, \({\text{KCl}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\), dissolves in distilled water the temperature of the solution decreases. What are the signs of \(\Delta {H^\Theta }\), \(\Delta {S^\Theta }\) and \(\Delta {G^\Theta }\) for this spontaneous process?</p>
<p class="p1"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-12_om_13.07.18.png" alt="M13/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/18"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which represents the enthalpy change of hydration of the chloride ion?</p>
<p class="p1"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">During which process is there a <strong>decrease </strong>in the entropy of the system?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Ag(s)}} + {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{NO}}_3^ - {\text{(aq)}} \to {\text{A}}{{\text{g}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} + {\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Ba(OH}}{{\text{)}}_2}{\text{(s)}} \to {\text{BaO(s)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{PC}}{{\text{l}}_3}({\text{g)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_2}({\text{g)}} \to {\text{PC}}{{\text{l}}_5}({\text{g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(s)}} \to {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br>