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</div><h2>SL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Lithium and boron are elements in period 2 of the periodic table. Lithium occurs in group 1 (the alkali metals) and boron occurs in group 3. Isotopes exist for both elements.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Every element has its own unique line emission spectrum.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">(i) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Define the terms <em>atomic number</em>, <em>mass number </em>and <em>isotopes of an element</em>.</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Atomic number:</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Mass number:</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Isotopes of an element:</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">(ii) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Distinguish between the terms <em>group </em>and <em>period</em>.</p>
<p class="p1">(iii) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Deduce the electron arrangements of the lithium ion, \({\text{L}}{{\text{i}}^ + }\), and the boron atom, B.</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{L}}{{\text{i}}^ + }\):</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">B:</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">(iv) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Naturally occurring boron exists as two isotopes with mass numbers of 10 and 11. Calculate the percentage abundance of the lighter isotope, using this information and the relative atomic mass of boron in Table 5 of the Data Booklet.</p>
<p class="p1">v) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Lithium exists as two isotopes with mass numbers of 6 and 7. Deduce the number of protons, electrons and neutrons for each isotope.</p>
<p class="p1"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-23_om_09.16.02.png" alt="N12/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/04.a"></p>
<div class="marks">[10]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">(i) Distinguish between a <em>continuous spectrum </em>and a <em>line spectrum</em>.</p>
<p class="p1">(ii) Draw a diagram to show the electron transitions between energy levels in a hydrogen atom that are responsible for the two series of lines in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum. Label your diagram to show <strong>three </strong>transitions for each series.</p>
<div class="marks">[6]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">(i) Explain why metals are good conductors of electricity and why they are malleable.</p>
<p class="p1">(ii) Iron is described as a transition metal. Identify the <strong>two </strong>most common ions of iron.</p>
<p class="p1">iii) Deduce the chemical formulas of lithium oxide and iron(II) oxide.</p>
<p class="p1"> </p>
<p class="p1">Lithium oxide:</p>
<p class="p1"> </p>
<p class="p1">Iron(II) oxide:</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>