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</div><h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>Which of the following conclusions did Mendel make from his experiments?</p>
<p>A. Dominant genes are more frequent than recessive genes.<br>B. Genes are composed of DNA.<br>C. Traits are inherited in discrete units, one from each parent.<br>D. Segregation occurs through meiosis.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was deemed to be unfair, as it tested information required by the previous syllabus and was therefore discounted.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What causes variation in <strong>both</strong> sexually and asexually reproducing organisms?</p>
<p>A. Mutations<br> B. Polygenic inheritance<br> C. Crossing over<br> D. Independent assortment</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Question 34 was based on assessment statements 2.5.6 and 5.4.6. More candidates than expected chose crossing over and independent assortment as the cause of variation in both sexual and asexual reproduction. Mutation was the expected answer.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align: left;">What can lead to reproductive isolation after just one generation?</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">A. Polyploidy</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">B. Increased mutation rate</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">C. Changed allele frequencies</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">D. Independent assortment of chromosomes</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In humans, wavy hair is dominant to straight hair and free ear lobes are dominant to fixed ear lobes. A man and a woman are heterozygous for both characteristics. What is the probability that their first child will have straight hair and fixed ear lobes?</p>
<p>A. 0<br>B. 1/16<br>C. 3/16<br>D. 9/16</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of the following processes result in the production of recombinants?</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">I. Crossing over between linked genes <br>II. Reassortment of non-linked genes <br>III. Mutation</p>
<p>A. I only<br> B. I and II only<br> C. I and III only<br> D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Many candidates confused the production of recombinants with the source of variety. This question did not discriminate well.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p align="LEFT">At which stage of meiosis does a pair of sister chromatids separate?</p>
<p align="LEFT">A. Metaphase I</p>
<p align="LEFT">B. Anaphase I</p>
<p align="LEFT">C. Metaphase II</p>
<p>D. Anaphase II</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In a plant, dark leaves are dominant to pale leaves and yellow seeds are dominant to white seeds.</p>
<p>A heterozygous dark-leaved plant with yellow seeds was crossed with a pale-leaved plant with white seeds. A large number of offspring were produced. They were either dark-leaved with yellow seeds or pale-leaved with white seeds in equal number.</p>
<p>What is the <strong>most</strong> likely cause of this pattern?</p>
<p>A. Crossing over has occurred.</p>
<p>B. The two genes are linked.</p>
<p>C. The traits are polygenic.</p>
<p>D. The genes are codominant.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A test cross of <strong>linked</strong> genes was performed with fruit flies (<em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>).</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>What is the most likely explanation for these results not fitting the expected ratio?</p>
<p>A. Crossing-over<br>B. Non-disjunction<br>C. Gene mutation<br>D. Random variation</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>When do chiasmata form in meiosis?</p>
<p>A. During prophase I<br> B. During metaphase I<br> C. During anaphase I<br> D. During prophase II</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Skin colour is a trait controlled by polygenic inheritance. Which statement is correct?<br>A. Skin colour shows discontinuous variation<br>B. Individuals show a wide range of phenotypes for skin colour<br>C. No two people have the same skin colour<br>D. Children always have the same skin colour as one of their parents</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Fossil records show that black bears increased in size during the Ice Age and decreased in size with warmer temperatures. What type of selection do these changes in size represent?</p>
<p>A. Allopatric<br>B. Directional<br>C. Disruptive<br>D. Stabilizing</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Why do humans inherit continuous variation with regard to height?</p>
<p>A. The trait for tallness is dominant.<br>B. The height phenotype is polygenic.<br>C. This is a case of multiple alleles.<br>D. Height in humans is polyclonal with multiple alleles.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which is a statement of Mendel’s law of independent assortment?</p>
<p>A. Allele pairs separate during gamete formation and recombine during fertilization.<br>B. Allele pairs for different genes separate independently during gamete formation.<br>C. Unlinked alleles are assorted with a 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 ratio in a dihybrid cross.<br>D. Allele pairs for the same gene are assorted independently during gamete formation.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Many candidates were tricked to answer that alleles from the same gene are assorted independently. While the alleles migrate to each pole, it is the collection of different genes that are assorted independently.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Some of the ratios that Morgan investigated in genetic crosses did not correspond with expected Mendelian ratios. What was the cause?</p>
<p>A. The genetic crosses used insects rather than plants.<br>B. The results were counted more reliably than Mendel’s.<br>C. The genes in the genetic crosses were linked.<br>D. <em>Drosophila</em> has more genes than plants.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>How does meiosis cause Mendel’s law of independent assortment?</p>
<p>A. Linked genes are randomly separated.<br>B. The chromosome number is divided twice.<br>C. Crossing-over occurs in Anaphase I.<br>D. Alleles that are not in the same linkage group are segregated.</p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In which situation are alleles exchanged?</p>
<p>A. During the separation of sister chromatids<br>B. In the transmission of linked genes<br>C. During fertilization when sperm and egg chromosomes pair up<br>D. When chiasmata are formed between non-sister chromatids</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>These were all very good discriminators.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The diagram below shows chromosomes during meiosis.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>How many chromosomes and chiasmata are visible?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>There were some G2 comments on the chromosome diagram in this question. While it is not conventional, it is correct.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A test cross resulted in these recombinants:</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAI0AAABPCAIAAABZHNFNAAACqUlEQVR4nO2bwXHCMBBF6UJuxDRABcnId1owfZg2cAecdUgF5KYqqIAcdrKjEYF47LXRN/+ND5gcpM2TVhJeb24Egc2rO0AGQU8Y0BMG9IQBPWFATxjQEwb0hAE9YUBPGNATBvSEAT1hQE8Y0BMG9IQBPWFg7+nYdZVz2bWta/OGXsufYcoVY4wxVs6FEKyam2s+Vc4duy69rZybqa2XcGjbvu/lcxps4/3pdJJ4S/QUYzy0rd5mnkII2TfoZKNQb0MIIYRy51Pj/RNP0u81eUq5D61QT9u61uwsncu63ngvidukudJ44slqeZ5xPq17H5HyyJMuyZVzjfdTmlgo78l8etu81/f9xHSykKfbb260aq4o/vUkCRDDk0wpq+aKYsh8mpj5jT3FGOVUkXX90LaVc6nINfHIk35ZOaeHrXGYeZLz+bauHx3UV7k4ZcGmf9KthMkGnb/vYUBPGNATBvSEwRhP35fLlx3fl4t5VObYhqxcr9eBHRjjab/fP3r0MuLa7XYj+rAwnx8fhiHrdT6fB3aAeQ8DesKA69MguD5xfRoE8x4G9IQBPWFATxjQEwYzepr+cAyR7Lm2FTPWw76hJ6ktAPCUVj+9jycpOJDPAPPp2HVptcabeMpqiUr3JJUqaSmEeNJSWauGikIK8+SSXCKe9L9hVbo873zSgbat67WWxN7PJ00kYsukWnuhvCfBGNbFl8PzvFcZFVot5Mn8/YVyeO5JCuWmt7LofDJsqxz+nU8mo3MWT7qP0B5bDasCUU8SYOO9DtZD2058TUOx9KSv++jg0r3QujfoWYyylbA98PL3PQzoCQN6woCeMKAnDOgJA3rCgJ4woCcM6AkDesKAnjCgJwzoCQN6woCeMKAnDOgJA3rCgJ4woCcM6AkDesKAnjD4Ad+FTzFrFWXdAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" alt></p>
<p>Which of the following was the parental test cross?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Candidates are still finding it hard to identify recombinants.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Human skin colour shows continuous variation. What does this indicate about the pattern of inheritance of human skin colour?</p>
<p>A. It is dominant.<br>B. It is sex-linked.<br>C. It is recessive.<br>D. It is polygenic.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which are the possible recombinants in a dihybrid test cross involving the linked genes JQ/jq?</p>
<p>A. JQ/jq and JJ/Qq</p>
<p>B. Jq/Qq and Qq/JJ</p>
<p>C. Jq/jq and jQ/jq</p>
<p>D. JQ/jq and Jq/jQ</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This also contained an error as the linked genes had not been shown using the notation that is specified in AS 10.2.5 and AS 10.2.6. Nevertheless, it was possible for candidates to do some working and convert the information into that form. The question then had one clearly correct answer. Perhaps because of the unfamiliar notation, this proved to be the second most difficult on the exam, but it discriminated relatively well.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) contains 20 chromosomes in a diploid cell. How many chromosomes will be in each cell after the first and second division of meiosis?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Question 33 was the one that candidates found hardest on the whole paper, with fewer than 25% answering it correctly; below the expected level if candidates had all guessed the answer! The most popular choice was B, which was incorrect because it implies that the chromosome number is halved in the second division of meiosis not the first. The stage of meiosis in which the chromosome number is halved is not specified in any of the assessment statements, probably because it was thought to be obvious. The first division of meiosis is the reduction division. In humans for example, it results in the formation of two nuclei, each with 23 chromosomes consisting of two chromatids. The second division of meiosis results in four nuclei, each with 23 chromosomes consisting of a single chromatid.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>If a heterozygous grey fruit fly is mated with a black-bodied fruit fly, what proportion of the offspring would be black?</p>
<p>A. 0 %</p>
<p>B. 25 %</p>
<p>C. 50 %</p>
<p>D. 100 %</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In fruit flies (<em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>) grey body is dominant to black body and long wings are dominant to vestigial wings. Two flies heterozygous for both genes were crossed. What proportion of the offspring would be expected to have black bodies and long wings?</p>
<p>A. 1/2<br>B. 3/16<br>C. 1/4<br>D. 1/16</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p align="LEFT">In a fruit fly experiment, grey body, normal winged (homozygous dominant) fruit flies were mated with black body, short winged (homozygous recessive) fruit flies. The F<sub>1 </sub>dihybrid females were then used in a test cross. If the genes are always linked and no crossing over occurs, what would be the predicted ratio in the F<sub>2 </sub>generation?</p>
<p align="LEFT">A. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1</p>
<p align="LEFT">B. 1 : 1 : 1 : 1</p>
<p align="LEFT">C. 3 : 1</p>
<p>D. 1 : 1</p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question proved to be too difficult for many candidates and was a poor discriminator. Many candidates just guessed the answer.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>How do the concepts of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium differ?</p>
<p>A. The timing of evolution</p>
<p>B. The mechanism causing evolution</p>
<p>C. The sequence of evolutionary events</p>
<p>D. The reality of evolution</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In a variety of tulips, V is the allele for variegated colour and C is the allele for compound flower. Which cross will give a 1:1:1:1 ratio of phenotypes in the offspring?<br>A. VvCc × VvCc<br>B. VVcc × vvCC<br>C. VvCc × vvCc<br>D. Vvcc × vvCc</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Fewer than half gave the correct answer of D.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>When does an unequal division of cytoplasm occur?</p>
<p>A. During meiosis in the apical meristem <br>B. During the division of Sertoli cells into spermatozoa<br> C. During binary fission of eukaryotic cells<br> D. During meiosis in the human ovary</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align: left;">The genetic determination of dogs’ coats can be quite complex, with many different genes acting at the same time.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">• The dominant allele <strong>E</strong> gives brown tones. The recessive allele <strong>e</strong> results in red tones.<br>• The colour intensity is due to another gene. The dominant allele <strong>B</strong> gives a dark colour, whereas the recessive allele <strong>b</strong> results in a light colour.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">What would be the genotype of a light brown dog produced from a cross between a dark brown dog and a light red dog?</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">A. EEbb</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">B. EeBb</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">C. eeBb</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">D. Eebb</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>How many autosomes are there in a human sperm?<br>A. 1<br>B. 22<br>C. 23<br>D. 46</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is polygenic inheritance?<br>A. A character that is controlled by two or more genes<br>B. A character that is controlled by more than two copies of a gene<br>C. Inheriting more than two alleles of a gene<br>D. Inheriting a linked group of genes</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is a suspected heterozygous individual crossed with in a test cross?</p>
<p>A. Homozygous dominant<br> B. Homozygous recessive<br> C. Heterozygous dominant<br> D. Heterozygous recessive</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>This is the cross that led to the discovery of non-Mendelian ratios in Morgan’s experiments with <em>Drosophila</em>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>Which is a recombinant genotype?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was a very good discriminator. Many candidates were able to recognize the recombinants.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>Male flies, heterozygous for both grey body and normal wings, were mated with black-bodied, vestigial-winged females. 2000 offspring were counted. The resulting percentage of each type of offspring is shown in the table below.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>What conclusion can be drawn from the information given above?</p>
<p>A. The genes assort independently.<br>B. A mistake has been made.<br>C. The genes are linked.<br>D. The genes are on separate chromosomes.</p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What causes genetic variety in the formation of gametes during meiosis?</p>
<p>A. Crossing over in prophase I and random orientation of homologous chromosomes in metaphase I<br> B. Crossing over in metaphase I and random orientation of homologous chromosomes in metaphase II<br> C. Linkage of genes in prophase I and crossing over in metaphase I<br> D. Linkage of genes in metaphase I and random orientation of homologous chromosomes in metaphase II</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The curly hair of the coat of Selkirk Rex cats is due to the presence of the allele SC. These cats can either have tight curls or be moderately curly, whereas the coat of other cats is usually made of straight hair with no curls because of the allele SS. Circles indicate female cats and squares indicate males.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt><br>What are the phenotypes of cats with these genotypes?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Although this question looked difficult, it was the easiest question on the paper.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The statement is about the genetic control of cat coat colour.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>In a cross between two double heterozygous tabby cats, what would the expected proportion of black offspring be?</p>
<p>A. 1 out of 16<br>B. 3 out of 16<br>C. 4 out of 16<br>D. 9 out of 16</p>
<p> </p>
<p><br> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>N/A</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align: left;">The graph shows variations in beak size for the bird <em>Geospiza fortis</em> on an island in the Galápagos archipelago.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">What evidence from the graph indicates that disruptive selection is occurring?</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">A. An intermediate beak size is less common.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">B. Median beak size is the most common.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">C. Smaller beaks are favoured.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">D. Larger beaks are favoured.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align: left;">Which gametes can result from the following crossover?</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" 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"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br>