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</div><h2>SL Paper 3</h2><div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Compare sympatric speciation and allopatric speciation.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Discuss the concept of punctuated equilibrium.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Compare convergent and divergent evolution.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label"> a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain how polyploidy can contribute to speciation.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label"> b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Discuss gradualism and punctuated equilibrium as ideas about the pace of evolution.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the process of adaptive radiation.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>There has been a change of thinking; moving from gradualism to punctuated equilibrium demonstrates the changing nature of science. Discuss these two ideas about the pace of evolution.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Populations of threespine sticklebacks (<em>Gasterosteus sp.</em>), a fish living in small freshwater lakes in British Columbia, Canada, are derived from the marine threespine stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>). In order to investigate the process of speciation in these populations, three small lakes were studied. Each lake contained two varieties of stickleback: a large, bottom-dwelling variety that fed on invertebrates near the shore and a small, plankton-eating variety that lived in the open water. The probability of breeding between pairs of individuals was measured under laboratory conditions in the following breeding combinations:</p>
<p>I different varieties (small &times; large) from the same lake <br>II different varieties from different lakes<br>III same variety (small &times; small) and (large &times; large) from different lakes <br>IV same variety from the same lake.</p>
<p>The data are summarized below.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the highest and lowest probabilities of breeding for individuals of the same variety from different lakes.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Highest probability: ...................................................</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Lowest probability: ....................................................</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the breeding combination that results in the lowest probability of breeding.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Analyse the probability of breeding between individuals from the same lake.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Scientists concluded that speciation is taking place in these populations. Discuss the evidence for speciation provided by the data.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Competition between genetically similar species of birds may lead to changes of one or more characteristics. One characteristic that results from this kind of selection is differences in the beaks. Researchers studied the beak lengths of two species of warblers. The graphs below show the beak lengths of Pine Warblers (<em>Dendroica pinus</em>) and Yellow-throated Warblers (<em>Dendroica dominica</em>) from three geographically isolated areas in the USA.</p>
<p><img 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" alt></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the species with the shortest mean beak length.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a (i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the difference in the mean beak length of the two populations of Yellow-throated Warblers in Midwest and Delmarva.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a (ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Compare the range of variation in beak length of the Yellow-throated Warblers in Midwest to the beak length of the Yellow-throated Warblers in Delmarva.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a (iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest an advantage for the longer beaks of Yellow-throated Warblers in Delmarva.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>