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<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="tenses-future" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">Tenses future</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../index.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Language System</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Key Language Issues</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Tenses, explored</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active">Tenses future</span></li></ul>
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<section class="span12" id="main-content">
<h4><span style="color:#000080;"></span><span style="color:#000080;">There are quite a few ways in which tenses can be used to indicate future actions. It is important to understand that each of these ways is used to suggest a slightly different attitude to the future action, so it is worth grasping clearly what the differences are.</span></h4><h4><span style="color:#000080;">Here they are...</span></h4><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">Simple statement</span></h2><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/tenses-10.jpg" style="width: 498px; height: 218px;"></p><p>Think of this structure as a simple statement of fact - as in "the moon will rise tomorrow". But be cautious, since most things about the future are not <em>that</em> certain, and usually involve either guesswork or planning - which brings us to the next structure...</p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">Intention</span></h2><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/tenses-9.jpg" style="width: 514px; height: 236px;"></p><p>The 'going to' form of the future tense tends to suggest <u><em>intention</em></u> - that you are planning to do something in the future. Now, there is a difference between saying <em>"I am planning to visit..."</em> (which suggests that you have a plan, but that it might not happen for some reason) - and saying<em> "I am going to visit..."</em> (which suggests you have a plan, and there seems no good reason why it should not happen - it is as definite as any idea about the future can be).</p><p>It may help to think of the differences between the following three sample cases :</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="color:#008000;"><strong><em><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">"I will visit Rome on Thursday"</span></em></strong> </span>... (definite - all the arrangements have been made)</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="color:#0000CD;"></span><span style="color:#008000;"><strong><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;"><em>"I am going to visit Rome on Thursday"</em></span></strong></span><span style="color:#0000CD;"><strong> </strong></span>... (pretty definite - although perhaps arrangements might change)</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="color:#008000;"><strong><em><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">"I am planning to visit Rome on Thursday"</span></em></strong></span> ... (a definite <u>plan</u> - but I still have to make the arrangements)</p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">Using the present</span></h2><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/tenses-11.jpg" style="width: 556px; height: 224px;"></p><p>The present tenses are commonly used to talk about the future. This may seem a bit lazy: why not actually indicate the future properly with 'will' or 'going to' ? The sense of the meaning may be imagined like thus - "my (present) idea of the future is that (thinking about it now) I visit ..." Certainly, the present tenses are used most often when talking about plans for the future, but without the emphasis on <u>intention</u> that is suggested by the 'going to' form. Compare the following two sentences :</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="color:#008000;"><em><strong><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">"I visit Rome on Thursday, so I will see Pietro then"</span></strong></em> </span>... <em>(clear definite facts about what will happen, that we know about now)</em></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="color:#008000;"><em><strong><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">"I am going to visit Rome on Thursday, and I am going to see Pietro then</span></strong>"</em> </span>... <em>(I am determined to go to Rome, and I really want to see Pietro then)</em></p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">Past-in-the-future</span></h2><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/tenses-12.jpg" style="width: 700px; height: 280px;"></p><p>Sometimes we need to explain how one thing will happen before another in the future. This is the same, really, as when we talk about 'before then' and 'then' in the past. Look at this example :-</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="color:#008000;"><em><strong><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">"I will have visited Pietro in the morning, so I will be able to tell you what he thinks in the afternoon."</span></strong></em></span></p><p>You see? You can only report what Pietro thinks if you have seen him beforehand, and so the tense structure emphasises how one action comes before the other.</p><p>To use grammatical labels, think of this as the Present Perfect ('have visited') or the Present Perfect Progressive ('have been visiting') - with 'will' added to show that we are talking about the future. [And no, the Past Perfect ('had visited') is <u>not</u> used in this way.]</p><hr class="hidden"><h3><span style="color:#0000FF;"><em>Practice exercise</em></span></h3><p><span style="color:#006400;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">> Run through the following questions to see how well you can choose the right future tense.</span></span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em>Note that this is a 'dynamic quiz' </em></span><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">- the questions change every time you open this page!</span></em></span></p><p>.</p><div class="tib-quiz" data-structure="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" data-question-ids="11239,11246,11250,11247,11251"> <div class="exercise" data-id="11239,11246,11250,11247,11251">
<div class="q-question">
<p>The way things are going right now, it seems certain that 60% of the world's population ............ a mobile phone by the year 2030.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ee432cb5ec35fa4beb1ba66ecc51d613"> <input type="radio"> <span>is having</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="16c7918d6179423cfac06fbd94e6e1d4"> <input type="radio"> <span>going to have</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="5cfc1721380a20c41605e19ac4565c09"> <input type="radio"> <span>is to have</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="10351928828ead5b14c3ab60e84d9f28"> <input type="radio"> <span>will have</span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Use this field for hidden/teacher's explanations</p>
</div>
<div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div>
<div class="exercise" data-id="11239,11246,11250,11247,11251">
<div class="q-question">
<p>By the time I finish university, I ..................... nearly two thirds of my life in education.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="3f6316218e47a82482abe5caeb835588"> <input type="radio"> <span>am going to spend</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="438ad9de1046aef92d08cf700ed2b469"> <input type="radio"> <span>will spend</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="c447724a990125a37ff50177425a8ae1"> <input type="radio"> <span>am spending</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="75117bf7e5b05be349d675b1846a702a"> <input type="radio"> <span>will have spent</span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Use this field for hidden/teacher's explanations</p>
</div>
<div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div>
<div class="exercise" data-id="11239,11246,11250,11247,11251">
<div class="q-question">
<p><em>Put the suggested verbs in the following text into the most appropriate future tense:</em></p>
<p>My laptop has a serious virus problem. The workshop tells me that probably it ...(cost)... 400\$ to put right. Anyway, I am going there tomorrow, and I hope it ...(not cost)... as much as that.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p>My laptop has a serious virus problem. The workshop tells me that probably it <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> 400\$ to put right. Anyway, I am going there tomorrow, and I hope it <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> as much as that.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p> </p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="11239,11246,11250,11247,11251">
<div class="q-question">
<p>The match will finish by about 9.30, so we ..................... plenty of time to go to a club afterwards</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="38e59755cc79337a9b55d0f6cee96cd7"> <input type="radio"> <span>will have had</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="904f903bdd2c3eb156a80eb14bc4a5c3"> <input type="radio"> <span>are having</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="dc1f6b9081cb84a6ef9023c6e93d4b97"> <input type="radio"> <span>will go to have</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="8ee9433ca68a301ab90004c2ba708640"> <input type="radio"> <span>are going to have</span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p></p>
</div>
<div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div>
<div class="exercise" data-id="11239,11246,11250,11247,11251">
<div class="q-question">
<p><em>Put the suggested verbs in the following text into the most appropriate future tense:</em></p>
<p>I ...(spend)... the summer in Ibiza, just like I usually do. I ...(be)... lying around on the beach most of the time, but I am sure that I ...(find)... time to meet Peter in the evening!</p>
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