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nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li><a href="../19429/solar-energy-1.html">Solar energy</a></li><li><a href="../19437/environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html">Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><li><a href="../19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li><a href="../19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl--1.html">Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) </a></li><li><a href="../19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-1.html">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19078/option-d-1.html" class="father">Option D</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19079/pharmaceutical-products-drug-action--1.html">Pharmaceutical products & drug action </a></li><li><a href="../19158/aspirin-penicillin--1.html">Aspirin & penicillin </a></li><li><a href="../19174/opiates-1.html">Opiates</a></li><li><a href="../19184/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-1.html">pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li><a href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html">Antiviral medications </a></li><li><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html">Nuclear medicine </a></li><li><a href="../19273/drug-detection-analysis--1.html">Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia--1.html">Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16682/internal-assessment-1.html" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18892/scaffolding-the-investigation-1.html">'Scaffolding' the investigation</a></li><li><a href="../18896/timing-organisation--1.html">Timing & organisation </a></li><li><a href="../18905/choosing-the-research-question-1.html">Choosing the research question</a></li><li><a href="../18946/personal-engagement-1.html">Personal engagement</a></li><li><a href="../18950/exploration-1.html">Exploration</a></li><li><a href="../18957/analysis-1.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="../18965/evaluation-1.html">Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="../18966/communication-1.html">Communication</a></li><li><a href="../19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia-1.html">Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li><a href="../19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation-2.html">Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li><a href="../33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data-1.html">Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li><a href="../37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia--1.html">Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li><a href="../19506/ia-example-marking-exercise--1.html">IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li><a href="../23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports-1.html">Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li><a href="../25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports--1.html">Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li><a href="../37542/history-of-internal-assessment-1.html">History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html">Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li><a href="../16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas-1.html">Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li><a href="../16615/acid-base-titrations--1.html">Acid-base titrations </a></li><li><a href="../16616/a-green-acid-base-practical-1.html">A green acid-base practical</a></li><li><a href="../16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets-1.html">Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li><a href="../16618/caco3-in-egg-shells-1.html">CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li><a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html">Enthalpy changes</a></li><li><a href="../16631/reaction-rates-1.html">Reaction rates</a></li><li><a href="../16635/rate-dependent-factors-1.html">Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li><a href="../16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li><a href="../16637/iodination-of-propanone-1.html">Iodination of propanone</a></li><li><a href="../18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter-1.html">Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li><a href="../18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4--1.html">Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li><a href="../16640/voltaic-cells-1.html">Voltaic cells</a></li><li><a href="../16659/3-d-molecular-modelling--1.html">3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17168/other-good-practicals-1.html" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../17196/common-chemical-reactions-1.html">Common chemical reactions</a></li><li><a href="../227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period--1.html">Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li><a href="../17239/the-halogens-1.html">The halogens</a></li><li><a href="../17162/boiling-points-of-mixtures-1.html">Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li><a href="../17170/polarity-of-molecules-1.html">Polarity of molecules</a></li><li><a href="../18083/le-chateliers-principle--1.html">Le Chatelier's principle </a></li><li><a href="../19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li><a href="../18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium--1.html">Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li><a href="../18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools--1.html">Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li><a href="../18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution--1.html">Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html">Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li><a href="../19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure-1.html">Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li><a href="../19887/preparation-of-nylon-66-1.html">Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li><a href="../19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content--1.html">Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li><a href="../19342/hydrolysis-of-starch--1.html">Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li><a href="../19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin--1.html">Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../18851/ict-in-practical-work-1.html" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul 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Chemistry?</a></li><li><a href="../3505/a-modern-paradigm-1.html">A modern paradigm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17783/fast-track-to-tests-questions-1.html">Fast track to tests & questions</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../17784/sl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24351/sl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31519/sl-practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">SL Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li><li><a href="../17786/sl-questions-on-each-sub-topic-1.html">SL Questions on each sub-topic</a></li><li><a href="../20431/sl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">SL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17792/sl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">SL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a href="../24897/sl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics--1.html">SL Quizzes on option sub-topics </a></li><li><a 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trends</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40928/periodic-trends-questions-1.html" title="Periodic trends questions">Periodic trends questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17041/first-row-d-block-elements--1.html" title="First-row d-block elements ">First-row d-block elements </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24442/mc-test-first-row-d-block-elements-1.html" title="MC test: First-row d-block elements">MC test: First-row d-block elements</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40929/first-row-d-block-elements-questions-1.html" title="First row d-block elements questions">First row d-block elements questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17040/coloured-complexes--1.html" title="Coloured complexes ">Coloured complexes </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24443/mc-test-coloured-complexes-1.html" title="MC test: Coloured complexes">MC test: Coloured complexes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40931/coloured-complexes-questions-1.html" title="Coloured complexes questions">Coloured complexes questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17114/topics-4-14-1.html" title="Topics 4 & 14">Topics 4 & 14</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17115/ionic-bonding-structure-1.html" title="Ionic bonding & structure">Ionic bonding & structure</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24470/mc-test-ionic-bonding-structure-1.html" title="MC test: Ionic bonding & structure">MC test: Ionic bonding & structure</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40897/ionic-bonding-structure-questions-1.html" title="Ionic bonding & structure questions">Ionic bonding & structure questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17110/data-response-question-1.html" title="Data response question">Data response question</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24177/data-response-answers-1.html" title="Data response answers">Data response answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17117/covalent-bonding-1.html" title="Covalent bonding">Covalent bonding</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24471/mc-test-covalent-bonding-1.html" title="MC test: Covalent bonding">MC test: Covalent bonding</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40902/covalent-bonding-questions-1.html" title="Covalent bonding questions">Covalent bonding questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17127/covalent-structures-1-1.html" title="Covalent structures (1)">Covalent structures (1)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24480/mc-test-covalent-structures-1-1.html" title="MC test: Covalent structures (1)">MC test: Covalent structures (1)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40919/covalent-structures-1-questions-1.html" title="Covalent structures (1) questions">Covalent structures (1) questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17122/covalent-structures-2-1.html" title="Covalent structures (2)">Covalent structures (2)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24481/mc-test-covalent-structures-2--1.html" title="MC test: Covalent structures (2) ">MC test: Covalent structures (2) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40918/covalent-structure-2-shapes-polarity-questions-1.html" title="Covalent structure (2) Shapes & polarity questions">Covalent structure (2) Shapes & polarity questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17160/intermolecular-forces-1.html" title="Intermolecular forces">Intermolecular forces</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24512/mc-test-intermolecular-forces-1.html" title="MC test: Intermolecular forces">MC test: Intermolecular forces</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40937/intermolecular-forces-questions-1.html" title="Intermolecular forces questions">Intermolecular forces questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17237/metallic-bonding-1.html" title="Metallic bonding">Metallic bonding</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24513/mc-test-metallic-bonding-1.html" title="MC test: Metallic bonding">MC test: Metallic bonding</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40939/metallic-bonding-questions-1.html" title="Metallic bonding questions">Metallic bonding questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17260/further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding--1.html" title="Further aspects of covalent bonding ">Further aspects of covalent bonding </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24553/mc-test-further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding-1.html" title="MC test: Further aspects of covalent bonding">MC test: Further aspects of covalent bonding</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40940/further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding-questions-1.html" title="Further aspects of covalent bonding questions">Further aspects of covalent bonding questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17258/hybridization-1.html" title="Hybridization">Hybridization</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24555/mc-test-hybridization-1.html" title="MC test: Hybridization">MC test: Hybridization</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40941/hybridization-questions-1.html" title="Hybridization questions">Hybridization questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17669/topics-5-15--1.html" title="Topics 5 & 15 ">Topics 5 & 15 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17685/measuring-energy-changes-1.html" title="Measuring energy changes">Measuring energy changes</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24581/mc-test-measuring-energy-changes-1.html" title="MC test: Measuring energy changes">MC test: Measuring energy changes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39536/measuring-energy-changes-questions--1.html" title="Measuring energy changes questions ">Measuring energy changes questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17689/hesss-law--1.html" title="Hess's Law ">Hess's Law </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24582/mc-test-hesss-law-1.html" title="MC test: Hess's Law">MC test: Hess's Law</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39546/hesss-law-questions-1.html" title="Hess's Law questions">Hess's Law questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17774/bond-enthalpies-1.html" title="Bond enthalpies">Bond enthalpies</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24591/mc-test-bond-enthalpies-1.html" title="MC test: Bond enthalpies">MC test: Bond enthalpies</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39547/bond-enthalpy-questions--1.html" title="Bond enthalpy questions ">Bond enthalpy questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17776/energy-cycles--1.html" title="Energy cycles ">Energy cycles </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24593/mc-test-energy-cycles-1.html" title="MC test: Energy cycles">MC test: Energy cycles</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39569/energy-cycles-questions--1.html" title="Energy cycles questions ">Energy cycles questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17780/entropy-spontaneity--1.html" title="Entropy & spontaneity ">Entropy & spontaneity </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24608/mc-test-entropy-spontaneity-1.html" title="MC test: Entropy & spontaneity">MC test: Entropy & spontaneity</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39650/entropy-spontaneity-questions--1.html" title="Entropy & spontaneity questions ">Entropy & spontaneity questions </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17848/topics-6-16-1.html" title="Topics 6 & 16">Topics 6 & 16</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17850/collision-theory-rates-of-reaction-1.html" title="Collision theory & rates of reaction">Collision theory & rates of reaction</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24640/mc-test-collision-theory-rates-of-reaction-1.html" title="MC test: Collision theory & rates of reaction">MC test: Collision theory & rates of reaction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40946/collision-theory-questions-1.html" title="Collision theory questions">Collision theory questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40947/rates-of-reaction-questions-1.html" title="Rates of reaction questions">Rates of reaction questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17870/rate-expression-reaction-mechanism-1.html" title="Rate expression & reaction mechanism">Rate expression & reaction mechanism</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24645/mc-test-rate-expression-reaction-mechanisms-1.html" title="MC test: Rate expression & reaction mechanisms">MC test: Rate expression & reaction mechanisms</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40949/rate-expression-questions-1.html" title="Rate expression questions">Rate expression questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40950/reaction-mechanisms-questions-1.html" title="Reaction mechanisms questions">Reaction mechanisms questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17876/activation-energy-1.html" title="Activation energy">Activation energy</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24651/mc-test-activation-energy-1.html" title="MC test: Activation energy">MC test: Activation energy</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40954/activation-energy-questions-1.html" title="Activation energy questions">Activation energy questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class="ancestor parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a href="../18038/topics-7-17--1.html" title="Topics 7 & 17 ">Topics 7 & 17 </a></li><ul class="level-2 expanded"><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18040/equilibrium--1.html" title="Equilibrium ">Equilibrium </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24656/mc-test-equilibrium-1.html" title="MC test: Equilibrium">MC test: Equilibrium</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40959/equilibrium-questions-1.html" title="Equilibrium questions">Equilibrium questions</a></li></ul><li class="ancestor parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a href="../18091/equilibrium-law--1.html" title="Equilibrium law ">Equilibrium law </a></li><ul class="level-3 expanded"><li class="current" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="mc-test-the-equilibrium-law-1.html" title="MC test: The equilibrium law">MC test: The equilibrium law</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40961/equilibrium-law-questions-1.html" title="Equilibrium law questions">Equilibrium law questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18120/topics-8-18--1.html" title="Topics 8 & 18 ">Topics 8 & 18 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18124/theories-of-acids-bases--1.html" title="Theories of acids & bases ">Theories of acids & bases </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24662/mc-test-theories-of-acids-bases-1.html" title="MC test: Theories of acids & bases">MC test: Theories of acids & bases</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40963/theories-of-acids-bases-questions-1.html" title="Theories of acids & bases questions">Theories of acids & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18126/properties-of-acids-bases-1.html" title="Properties of acids & bases">Properties of acids & bases</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24663/mc-test-properties-of-acids-bases--1.html" title="MC test: Properties of acids & bases ">MC test: Properties of acids & bases </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40964/properties-of-acids-bases-questions-1.html" title="Properties of acids & bases questions">Properties of acids & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18140/ph-scale-1.html" title="pH scale">pH scale</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24668/mc-test-the-ph-scale-1.html" title="MC test: The pH scale">MC test: The pH scale</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40971/ph-scale-questions-1.html" title="pH scale questions">pH scale questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18152/strong-weak-acids-bases-1.html" title="Strong & weak acids & bases">Strong & weak acids & bases</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24670/mc-test-strong-weak-acids-bases-1.html" title="MC test: Strong & weak acids & bases">MC test: Strong & weak acids & bases</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40972/strong-weak-acid-bases-questions-1.html" title="Strong & weak acid & bases questions">Strong & weak acid & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18156/acid-deposition-1.html" title="Acid deposition">Acid deposition</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24674/mc-test-acid-deposition-1.html" title="MC test: Acid deposition">MC test: Acid deposition</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40983/acid-deposition-questions-1.html" title="Acid deposition questions">Acid deposition questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18160/lewis-acids-bases-1.html" title="Lewis acids & bases">Lewis acids & bases</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24710/mc-test-lewis-acids-bases-1.html" title="MC test: Lewis acids & bases">MC test: Lewis acids & bases</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40986/lewis-acids-bases-questions-1.html" title="Lewis acids & bases questions">Lewis acids & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18250/acid-base-calculations-1.html" title="Acid base calculations">Acid base calculations</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24714/mc-test-calculations-involving-acids-bases--1.html" title="MC test: Calculations involving acids & bases ">MC test: Calculations involving acids & bases </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40988/acid-base-calculations-questions--1.html" title="Acid-base calculations questions ">Acid-base calculations questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26161/ph-titration-curves-1.html" title="pH titration curves">pH titration curves</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26158/mc-test-ph-curves-1.html" title="MC test: pH curves">MC test: pH curves</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41000/ph-curves-questions--1.html" title="pH curves questions ">pH curves questions </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18350/topics-9-19-1.html" title="Topics 9 & 19">Topics 9 & 19</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18365/oxidation-reduction-1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction">Oxidation & reduction</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24725/mc-test-oxidation-reduction-1.html" title="MC test: Oxidation & reduction">MC test: Oxidation & reduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41033/oxidation-reduction-questions-1--1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction questions (1) ">Oxidation & reduction questions (1) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41034/oxidation-reduction-questions-2-1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction questions (2)">Oxidation & reduction questions (2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41035/oxidation-reduction-questions-3-1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction questions (3)">Oxidation & reduction questions (3)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18383/electrochemical-cells-1.html" title="Electrochemical cells">Electrochemical cells</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24740/mc-test-electrochemical-cells-1.html" title="MC test: Electrochemical cells">MC test: Electrochemical cells</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41072/electrochemical-cells-questions--1.html" title="Electrochemical cells questions ">Electrochemical cells questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18401/electrochemical-cells-ahl--1.html" title="Electrochemical cells (AHL) ">Electrochemical cells (AHL) </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24742/mc-test-electrochemical-cells-ahl-1.html" title="MC test: Electrochemical cells (AHL)">MC test: Electrochemical cells (AHL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41098/electrochemical-cells-1-ahl-questions-1.html" title="Electrochemical cells (1) (AHL) questions">Electrochemical cells (1) (AHL) questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41099/electrochemical-cells-2-ahl-questions-1.html" title="Electrochemical cells (2) (AHL) questions">Electrochemical cells (2) (AHL) questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18475/topics-10-20--1.html" title="Topics 10 & 20 ">Topics 10 & 20 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18497/fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry--1.html" title="Fundamentals of organic chemistry ">Fundamentals of organic chemistry </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24749/mc-test-fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry-1.html" title="MC test: Fundamentals of organic chemistry">MC test: Fundamentals of organic chemistry</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41111/fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry-1-questions-1.html" title="Fundamentals of organic chemistry (1) questions">Fundamentals of organic chemistry (1) questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41112/fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry-2-questions-1.html" title="Fundamentals of organic chemistry (2) questions">Fundamentals of organic chemistry (2) questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18597/alkanes-alkenes-addition-polymers-1.html" title="Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers">Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24750/mc-test-alkanes-alkenes-addition-polymers-1.html" title="MC test: Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers">MC test: Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41121/alkanes-questions-1.html" title="Alkanes questions">Alkanes questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41124/alkenes-questions-1.html" title="Alkenes questions">Alkenes questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18741/alcohols--1.html" title="Alcohols ">Alcohols </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24772/mc-test-alcohols-1.html" title="MC test: Alcohols">MC test: Alcohols</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41125/alcohols-questions-1.html" title="Alcohols questions">Alcohols questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18742/halogenoalkanes-benzene--1.html" title="Halogenoalkanes & benzene ">Halogenoalkanes & benzene </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24797/mc-test-halogenoalkanes-benzene-1.html" title="MC test: Halogenoalkanes & benzene">MC test: Halogenoalkanes & benzene</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41130/halogenoalkanes-benzene-questions-1.html" title="Halogenoalkanes & benzene questions">Halogenoalkanes & benzene questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18762/nucleophilic-substitution--1.html" title="Nucleophilic substitution ">Nucleophilic substitution </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24757/mc-test-nucleophilic-substitution-1.html" title="MC test: Nucleophilic substitution">MC test: Nucleophilic substitution</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41138/nucleophilic-substitution-questions-1.html" title="Nucleophilic substitution questions">Nucleophilic substitution questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18766/electrophilic-addition--1.html" title="Electrophilic addition ">Electrophilic addition </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24805/mc-test-electrophilic-addition-electrophilic-substitution-reacti-2.html" title="MC test: Electrophilic addition & electrophilic substitution reactions">MC test: Electrophilic addition & electrophilic substitution reactions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41148/electrophilic-addition-questions-1.html" title="Electrophilic addition questions">Electrophilic addition questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18780/electrophilic-substitution--2.html" title="Electrophilic substitution ">Electrophilic substitution </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41149/electrophilic-substitution-questions-1.html" title="Electrophilic substitution questions">Electrophilic substitution questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18793/reduction-reactions--1.html" title="Reduction reactions ">Reduction reactions </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24811/mc-test-reduction-reactions-1.html" title="MC test: Reduction reactions">MC test: Reduction reactions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41150/reduction-reactions-questions-1.html" title="Reduction reactions questions">Reduction reactions questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18797/synthetic-routes--1.html" title="Synthetic routes ">Synthetic routes </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24822/mc-test-synthetic-routes-1.html" title="MC test: Synthetic routes">MC test: Synthetic routes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41152/synthetic-routes-questions--1.html" title="Synthetic routes questions ">Synthetic routes questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18844/stereoisomerism--1.html" title="Stereoisomerism ">Stereoisomerism </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24817/mc-test-stereoisomerism-1.html" title="MC test: Stereoisomerism">MC test: Stereoisomerism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41166/stereoisomerism-questions-1.html" title="Stereoisomerism questions">Stereoisomerism questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17285/topics-11-21--1.html" title="Topics 11 & 21 ">Topics 11 & 21 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17276/uncertainty-errors--1.html" title="Uncertainty & errors ">Uncertainty & errors </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24818/mc-test-uncertainties-errors-1.html" title="MC test: Uncertainties & errors">MC test: Uncertainties & errors</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../38869/uncertainty-error-questions--1.html" title="Uncertainty & error questions ">Uncertainty & error questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../15014/graphical-techniques-1.html" title="Graphical techniques">Graphical techniques</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24819/mc-test-graphical-techniques-1.html" title="MC test: Graphical techniques">MC test: Graphical techniques</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39387/graphical-techniques-questions--1.html" title="Graphical techniques questions ">Graphical techniques questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18968/spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds-1.html" title="Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds">Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24820/mc-test-spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds--1.html" title="MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds ">MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39388/index-of-hydrogen-deficiency-questions-1.html" title="Index of hydrogen deficiency questions">Index of hydrogen deficiency questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39351/identification-from-spectra-question-1-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 1">Identification from spectra - Question 1</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39353/identification-from-spectra-question-2-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 2">Identification from spectra - Question 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39354/identification-from-spectra-question-3-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 3">Identification from spectra - Question 3</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39355/identification-from-spectra-question-4-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 4">Identification from spectra - Question 4</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39356/identification-from-spectra-question-5-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 5">Identification from spectra - Question 5</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39357/identification-from-spectra-question-6-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 6">Identification from spectra - Question 6</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39358/identification-from-spectra-question-7-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 7">Identification from spectra - Question 7</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39359/identification-from-spectra-question-8-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 8">Identification from spectra - Question 8</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39360/identification-from-spectra-question-9-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 9">Identification from spectra - Question 9</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39361/identification-from-spectra-question-10-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 10">Identification from spectra - Question 10</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19027/spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds-ahl--1.html" title="Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL) ">Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL) </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24821/mc-test-spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds-ahl-1.html" title="MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL)">MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39375/identification-from-spectra-question-11-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 11">Identification from spectra - Question 11</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39376/identification-from-spectra-question-12-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 12">Identification from spectra - Question 12</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39377/identification-from-spectra-question-13-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 13">Identification from spectra - Question 13</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39378/identification-from-spectra-question-14-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 14">Identification from spectra - Question 14</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39379/identification-from-spectra-question-15-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 15">Identification from spectra - Question 15</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39380/identification-from-spectra-question-16-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 16">Identification from spectra - Question 16</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39381/identification-from-spectra-question-17-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 17">Identification from spectra - Question 17</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39382/identification-from-spectra-question-18-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 18">Identification from spectra - Question 18</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39383/identification-from-spectra-question-19-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 19">Identification from spectra - Question 19</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39385/identification-from-spectra-question-20-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 20">Identification from spectra - Question 20</a></li></ul></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16441/the-nature-of-science-1.html" title="The Nature of Science">The Nature of Science</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16450/key-terms-concepts-1.html" title="Key terms & concepts">Key terms & concepts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../34566/nos-critical-thinking-1.html" title="NOS & Critical Thinking">NOS & Critical Thinking</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../32100/how-the-elements-were-named-1.html" title="How the elements were named">How the elements were named</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../36753/the-culture-of-chemistry-1.html" title="The Culture of Chemistry">The Culture of Chemistry</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17333/nature-of-science-questions-1.html" title="Nature of Science questions">Nature of Science questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16413/incorporating-im-tok-utilization-etc-1.html" title="Incorporating IM, TOK, 'Utilization' etc.">Incorporating IM, TOK, 'Utilization' etc.</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16414/topic-1-1.html" title="Topic 1">Topic 1</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16916/topics-2-12-1.html" title="Topics 2 & 12">Topics 2 & 12</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17023/topics-3-13--1.html" title="Topics 3 & 13 ">Topics 3 & 13 </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a 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</div><section id="main-content"><h1><img alt="" height="22" src="../../../img/tib-icons/higher-level-32-1.png" title="" width="22"> Multiple choice test on 17.1 The equilibrium law</h1>
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<p>Use the following 'quiz' to test your knowledge and understanding of this sub-topic. You will need access to a periodic table (Section 6 of the IB data booklet).</p>
<p>If you get an answer wrong, read through the explanation carefully to learn from your mistakes.</p>
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<div class="tib-quiz" data-quiz-id="352" data-structure="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" data-score-answers="6d4a526a457a48584f763758344a7649472f76324c53614b78524c393439595570496d5a5971374b38686f3d"><div class="exercise"><div class="q-question"><p>2 mol of a gaseous compound P were placed in a vessel. Compound P partially decomposed when heated to produce two gaseous compounds, Q and R.<br>At equilibrium, <em>x</em> mol of R were present and the total number of moles present was (2 + <em>x</em>).</p><p>Which is a possible equation for this equilibrium reaction?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="8ae1e86348bee882d939104855bfcd7d"><input type="radio"><span> 2P(g) ⇄ Q(g) + R(g)</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="d1b95d7d8bdc2e6ee687ae8663b7a42a"><input type="radio"><span> 2P(g) ⇄ Q(g) + 2R(g)</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="492e6f455b4b465effe4bf236a735a55"><input type="radio"><span>P(g) ⇄ 2Q(g) + R(g)</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="ac2dade22fdb4c5c9f9151d2fd9ccca4"><input type="radio"><span> P(g) ⇄ Q(g) + R(g)</span></label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>At equilibrium, amount of P + amount of Q + amount of R = (2 + <em>x</em>) mol.<br>But amount of R = <em>x</em> mol, so at equilibrium, amount of (P + Q) = 2 mol.<br>Since the initial amount of P = 2 mol and the initial moles of Q = 0 mol, the total amount of P and Q does not change during the reaction. Hence the stoichiometric coefficients of P and Q are equal. An actual reaction that would fit this is PCl<sub>5</sub>(g) ⇄ PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) but other equations (which are not in the list above) such as 2P(g) ⇄ 2Q(g) + R(g) would also fit the data. </p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><p> </p><div class="exercise"><div class="q-question"><p>1.50 mol of A and 1.00 mol of B were placed in a 5.0 dm<sup>3</sup> reaction flask. After equilibrium has been established, at a temperature of 450 K, 0.50 mol of C were present.</p><p>The stoichiometric equation for the reaction is: A(g) + B(g) ⇌ C(g) + D(g)</p><p>What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction at this temperature?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="c21e2fb3efe35e58d16352bcf23e0ac3"><input type="radio"><span> 0.67</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="c605763284299b9a661ed54430f0f77b"><input type="radio"><span> 0.50</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="2e083c6cae50f0d6a2f39c012ea09a94"><input type="radio"><span> 0.17</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="9f41f9f1c434718ae6e50ffba61152d0"><input type="radio"><span> 6.0</span></label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>At equilibrium: Amount of C = amount of D = 0.50 mol; [C] = [D] = 0.5/5.0 = 0.1 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>. Amount of A = 1.50 − 0.5 mol so [A] = 1.0/5.0 = 0.20 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> and amount of B = 1.00 − 0.5 mol so [B] = 0.50/5.0 = 0.10 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>.<br><em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = [C][D] / [A][B] = 0.1<sup>2</sup> ÷ (0.20 x 0.10) = 0.50</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><p> </p><div class="exercise"><div class="q-question"><p>According to a research paper written by A.H. Taylor Jn. and R.H. Crist in the Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1941, hydrogen iodide is 22.3% dissociated into hydrogen and iodine at 730.8 K.</p><p>Which expression gives the value of <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> at 730.8 K for 2HI(g) ⇄ H<sub>2</sub>(g) + I<sub>2</sub>(g)</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="fe2b1e3f53b4e9c5a0d4b19c6d9479e2"><input type="radio"><span> <em>K</em><sub>c </sub>= 0.777<sup>2 </sup>÷ 0.223<sup>2 </sup> </span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="691944f79e078af4e6c99b9d7d07f68d"><input type="radio"><span> <em>K</em><sub>c </sub>= 0.1115<sup>2 </sup>÷ 0.777<sup>2</sup></span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="4d6adff10735bf87e0673fd08eb05c9c"><input type="radio"><span> <em>K</em><sub>c </sub>= 0.223<sup>2 </sup>+ 0.777<sup>2</sup></span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="46b940f1243dc7c8b5588a63b486f2f3"><input type="radio"><span> <em>K</em><sub>c </sub>= 0.223<sup>2 </sup>÷ 0.777<sup>2</sup></span></label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Assume there is initially 1 mole of HI. The amount of HI remaining at equilibrium = (1 − 0.223) = 0.777 mol. Each mol of HI produces 0.5 mol of H<sub>2</sub> and 0.5 mol of I<sub>2</sub> when it dissociates so H<sub>2</sub> at equilibrium = amount of I<sub>2</sub> at equilibrium = 0.5 x 0.223 = 0.1115 mol. If the total volume is V then [HI] = 0.777/V and [H<sub>2</sub>] = [I<sub>2</sub>] = 0.1115/V. <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = [H<sub>2</sub>] [I<sub>2</sub>] / [HI]<sup>2</sup> = (0.1115/V)<sup>2</sup> ÷ (0.7777/V)<sup>2</sup> = 0.1115<sup>2 </sup>÷ 0.777<sup>2</sup>.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><p> </p><div class="exercise"><div class="q-question"><p>Phosphorous pentachloride can be formed by the reaction between chlorine and phosphorous trichloride.</p><p>Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) + PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) ⇄ PCl<sub>5</sub>(g) </p><p>0.20 mol of chlorine and 0.50 mol of phosphorus trichloride were placed in a 100 cm<sup>3</sup> flask and the reaction allowed to reach equilibrium at a fixed temperature. At equilibrium, 0.14 mol of phosphorus pentachloride was produced.</p><p>Which expression gives the value of <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> for this reaction at the temperature of the reaction?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="d0f497a0668aed5b0a3f74083ea74b13"><input type="radio"><span> <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = 1.4 ÷ (0.6 x 3.6) </span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="b0be91c8c1a747b1959fd659c51e0a85"><input type="radio"><span> <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = 0.14 ÷ (0.06 x 0.36 x 0.100)</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="d84a8add24c2944f0cc36f01363cc032"><input type="radio"><span> <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = (0.06 x 0.36) ÷ 0.14 x 0.100 </span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="ab3c71683dff38a0bcc855de80375ecb"><input type="radio"><span> <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = (0.06 x 0.36 x 0.100) ÷ 0.14 </span></label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Equilibrium amounts: Cl<sub>2 </sub>: (0.20 − 0.14); PCl<sub>3</sub> : (0.50 − 0.14); PCl<sub>5</sub> : 0.14 mol<br>Equilibrium concentrations: Cl<sub>2 </sub>: 0.06/0.100; PCl<sub>3</sub> : 0.36/0.100; PCl<sub>5</sub> : 0.14/0.100 mol dm<sup>−3</sup><br><em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = [PCl<sub>5</sub>]/[Cl<sub>2</sub>][PCl<sub>3</sub>] = 1.4 ÷ (0.6 x 3.6)</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><p> </p><div class="exercise"><div class="q-question"><p>1.0 mol of ethanol and 2.0 mol of ethanoic acid was reacted together in the presence of a small amount of acid catalyst and the mixture left to reach equilibrium at 293 K. At equilibrium 0.845 mol of ethyl ethanoate was found to be present.</p><p>H<sub>3</sub>CCOOH(l) + C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH(l) ⇄ H<sub>3</sub>CCOOC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>(l) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</p><p>Which expression gives the value of <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> for this esterification reaction at 293 K?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="a6fb7b81b025087d9f0ebdca7130c0d2"><input type="radio"><span> (1.155 x 0.155) ÷ 0.845<sup>2</sup></span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="5b814fb1bde149411bccb09c8e422067"><input type="radio"><span> 0.845<sup>2</sup> ÷ (1.155 x 0.155)</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="d72766ad8474d19c52ff6bf694a73b89"><input type="radio"><span> It cannot be calculated as the total volume of the reaction mixture is not given.</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="3e15422e428ed47980d158745fb1d40b"><input type="radio"><span> (1.155 x 0.155) ÷ 0.845</span></label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Equilibrium amounts: H<sub>3</sub>CCOOH<sub> </sub>: (2.0 − 0.845); C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH : (1 − 0.845); H<sub>3</sub>CCOOC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> : 0.845; H<sub>2</sub>O : 0.845 mol<br>Equilibrium concentrations (in volume V dm<sup>3</sup>): H<sub>3</sub>CCOOH<sub> </sub>: 1.155/V; C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH : 0.155/V; H<sub>3</sub>CCOOC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> = H<sub>2</sub>O = 0.845/V mol dm<sup>−3</sup><br><em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = ([ester] x [water]) ÷ ([acid] x [alcohol]) = 0.845<sup>2</sup> ÷ (1.155 x 0.155). The volume is not necessary as it cancels out because there are the same number of moles on both sides in the stoichiometric equation.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><p> </p><div class="exercise"><div class="q-question"><p>A mixture consisting of 0.60 mol of ethanoic acid, 0.40 mol of ethanol, 0.20 mol of ethyl ethanoate and 0.60 mol of water was placed in a 250 cm<sup>3</sup> sealed flask and left to reach equilibrium at 293 K. At equilibrium it was found that the mixture contained 0.40 mol of the ester.</p><p>What is the value of <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> at 293 K for the hydrolysis reaction: H<sub>3</sub>CCOOC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>(l) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ⇄ H<sub>3</sub>CCOOH(l) + C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH(l) ?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="70da82175ec8a195a3d8b0fa8f69681d"><input type="radio"><span> 0.25</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="e4c2e8edac362acab7123654b9e73432"><input type="radio"><span> 1.0</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="6008647277c4454cecd97d33c069f0ca"><input type="radio"><span> 1.5</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="07078a97d66756f213dbca3e379bf084"><input type="radio"><span> 4.0</span></label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Since the amount of ester has increased by 0.20 mol the amount of water will also have increased by 0.2 mol and the amount of acid and alcohol will each have decreased by 0.20 mol.<br>Equilibrium concentrations: H<sub>3</sub>CCOOH<sub> </sub>: 0.40/0.250; C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH : 0.20/0.250; H<sub>3</sub>CCOOC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> : 0.40/0.250; H<sub>2</sub>O : 0.80/0.250 mol dm<sup>−3</sup><br><em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = ([acid] x [alcohol]) ÷ ([ester] x [water]) = (0.40 x 0.20) ÷ (0.40 x 0.80) = 0.25</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><p> </p><div class="exercise"><div class="q-question"><p>The equilibrium constant for the reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen is 680 at 373 K.</p><p>2SO<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) ⇄ 2SO<sub>3</sub>(g)</p><p>At equilibrium at 373 K it is found that 0.600 mol of oxygen and 0.600 mol of sulfur dioxide are present in a 4.00 dm<sup>3</sup> flask which only contains oxygen, sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide.</p><p>Which expression will give the concentration of sulfur trioxide in the flask?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="43715eafe9da98c914a784abf7e136b9"><input type="radio"><span> [SO<sub>3</sub>(g)] = (680 x 0.150<sup>3</sup>)<sup>1/2</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="3105fc6d1a13d2d91d1a5d2534bccd2b"><input type="radio"><span> [SO<sub>3</sub>(g)] = (680 x 0.600<sup>3</sup> )<sup>1/2</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="e61fd1f15114ed1312ce9a2117f9a330"><input type="radio"><span> [SO<sub>3</sub>(g)] = 0.600 mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="00bd80b1434a17f67f8395a6587eb820"><input type="radio"><span> [SO<sub>3</sub>(g)] = 680 x 0.150<sup>3</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>[O<sub>2</sub>] = 0.600/4 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> and [SO<sub>2</sub>] = 0.600/4 mol dm<sup>−3</sup>. <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = [SO<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2</sup> ÷ ([O<sub>2</sub>][SO<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2</sup>)<br>[SO<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2</sup> = 680 x (0.0.150)<sup>3</sup> so [SO<sub>3</sub>] = (680 x 0.150<sup>3</sup>)<sup>1/2</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup> </p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><p> </p><div class="exercise"><div class="q-question"><p>What does <em>K</em> stand for in the expression Δ<em>G</em><sup>⦵</sup> = − <em>RT </em>ln<em>K ?</em></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="9283a302734122fa216961545e12fbe4"><input type="radio"><span> Equilibrium constant</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="da9fd5a70abf37e94e14a1e7a0eaecf5"><input type="radio"><span> Rate constant</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="f60fdb4df5d69542cef78f8cb3dc0c05"><input type="radio"><span> Boltzmann constant</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="8cdaea2a5cf19cc337a1441ca7f83d42"><input type="radio"><span> Kelvin</span></label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Δ<em>G</em><sup>⦵</sup> = − <em>RT </em>ln<em>K </em>is the classic expression relating equilibrium to Gibbs free energy.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><p> </p><div class="exercise"><div class="q-question"><p>Water dissociates to form hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.</p><p>H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ⇄ H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + OH<sup>−</sup>(aq) Δ<em>H</em><sup>⦵</sup> = + 56 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>; Δ<em>S</em><sup>⦵</sup> = − 81 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup></p><p>Which expression gives the value for the ionic product of water, <em>K</em><sub>w</sub> at 298 K?</p><p>(<em>R</em> = 8.31 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>)</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="be2d6311ba85ceeadf131811953da736"><input type="radio"><span> e<sup>−((56 - (298 x −81)) ÷ (8.31 x 298))</sup></span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="f22644a8791f390dcf5296f3626147d6"><input type="radio"><span> e<sup>−((56000 - (298 x −81)) ÷ (8.31 x 298))</sup></span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="65993a42b51c7b05178355634fbc8ace"><input type="radio"><span> e<sup>((56000 - (298 x −81)) ÷ (8.31 x 298))</sup></span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="d46cc141ced433483bfc06fe30b5bac3"><input type="radio"><span> e<sup>−((8.31 x 298) ÷ (56000 - (298 x −81))</sup></span></label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Δ<em>G</em><sup>⦵</sup> = − <em>RT </em>ln<em>K<sub>w</sub></em> = Δ<em>H</em><sup>⦵</sup> − TΔ<em>S</em><sup>⦵</sup> <br>ln<em>K<sub>w</sub></em> = − (Δ<em>H</em><sup>⦵</sup> − <em>T</em>Δ<em>S</em><sup>⦵</sup>)/<em>RT</em><br><em>K</em><sub>w</sub> = = e<sup>− ((56000 − (298 x − 81)) ÷ (8.31 x 298))</sup></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><p> </p><div class="exercise"><div class="q-question"><p>Which row gives the correct combination for the values of <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> and Δ<em>G</em><sup>⦵</sup> for the stated equilibrium mixture?</p><table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" height="151" width="516"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><strong>Row</strong></td><td style="text-align: center;"><strong>Equilibrium mixture</strong></td><td style="text-align: center;"><strong><em>K</em><sub>c</sub></strong></td><td style="text-align: center;"><strong>Δ<em>G</em><sup>⦵</sup></strong><strong> </strong></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">1</td><td style="text-align: center;">Contains mainly products</td><td style="text-align: center;">>> 1</td><td style="text-align: center;">positive</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">2</td><td style="text-align: center;">Contains mainly reactants</td><td style="text-align: center;">>> 1</td><td style="text-align: center;">negative</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">3</td><td style="text-align: center;">Contains mainly reactants</td><td style="text-align: center;"><< 1</td><td style="text-align: center;">positive</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">4</td><td style="text-align: center;">Contains mainly products</td><td style="text-align: center;"><< 1</td><td style="text-align: center;">negative</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b"><input type="radio"><span> 1</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3"><input type="radio"><span> 3</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c"><input type="radio"><span> 4</span></label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c"><input type="radio"><span> 2</span></label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>When <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> << 1 it will contain mainly reactants and ln <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> will be negative. From Δ<em>G</em> = − <em>RT </em>ln<em>K<sub>c</sub></em> it can be seen when ln <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> is negative Δ<em>G </em>will be positive.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><p> </p><div class="totals"><span class="score">Total Score: </span><button class="btn btn-success check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr>
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