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nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li><a href="../19429/solar-energy-1.html">Solar energy</a></li><li><a href="../19437/environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html">Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><li><a href="../19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li><a href="../19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl--1.html">Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) </a></li><li><a href="../19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-1.html">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19078/option-d-1.html" class="father">Option D</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19079/pharmaceutical-products-drug-action--1.html">Pharmaceutical products & drug action </a></li><li><a href="../19158/aspirin-penicillin--1.html">Aspirin & penicillin </a></li><li><a href="../19174/opiates-1.html">Opiates</a></li><li><a href="../19184/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-1.html">pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li><a href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html">Antiviral medications </a></li><li><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html">Nuclear medicine </a></li><li><a href="../19273/drug-detection-analysis--1.html">Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia--1.html">Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16682/internal-assessment-1.html" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18892/scaffolding-the-investigation-1.html">'Scaffolding' the investigation</a></li><li><a href="../18896/timing-organisation--1.html">Timing & organisation </a></li><li><a href="../18905/choosing-the-research-question-1.html">Choosing the research question</a></li><li><a href="../18946/personal-engagement-1.html">Personal engagement</a></li><li><a href="../18950/exploration-1.html">Exploration</a></li><li><a href="../18957/analysis-1.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="../18965/evaluation-1.html">Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="../18966/communication-1.html">Communication</a></li><li><a href="../19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia-1.html">Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li><a href="../19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation-2.html">Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li><a href="../33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data-1.html">Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li><a href="../37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia--1.html">Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li><a href="../19506/ia-example-marking-exercise--1.html">IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li><a href="../23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports-1.html">Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li><a href="../25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports--1.html">Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li><a href="../37542/history-of-internal-assessment-1.html">History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html">Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li><a href="../16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas-1.html">Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li><a href="../16615/acid-base-titrations--1.html">Acid-base titrations </a></li><li><a href="../16616/a-green-acid-base-practical-1.html">A green acid-base practical</a></li><li><a href="../16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets-1.html">Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li><a href="../16618/caco3-in-egg-shells-1.html">CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li><a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html">Enthalpy changes</a></li><li><a href="../16631/reaction-rates-1.html">Reaction rates</a></li><li><a href="../16635/rate-dependent-factors-1.html">Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li><a href="../16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li><a href="../16637/iodination-of-propanone-1.html">Iodination of propanone</a></li><li><a href="../18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter-1.html">Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li><a href="../18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4--1.html">Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li><a href="../16640/voltaic-cells-1.html">Voltaic cells</a></li><li><a href="../16659/3-d-molecular-modelling--1.html">3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17168/other-good-practicals-1.html" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../17196/common-chemical-reactions-1.html">Common chemical reactions</a></li><li><a href="../227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period--1.html">Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li><a href="../17239/the-halogens-1.html">The halogens</a></li><li><a href="../17162/boiling-points-of-mixtures-1.html">Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li><a href="../17170/polarity-of-molecules-1.html">Polarity of molecules</a></li><li><a href="../18083/le-chateliers-principle--1.html">Le Chatelier's principle </a></li><li><a href="../19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li><a href="../18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium--1.html">Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li><a href="../18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools--1.html">Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li><a href="../18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution--1.html">Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html">Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li><a href="../19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure-1.html">Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li><a href="../19887/preparation-of-nylon-66-1.html">Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li><a href="../19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content--1.html">Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li><a href="../19342/hydrolysis-of-starch--1.html">Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li><a href="../19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin--1.html">Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../18851/ict-in-practical-work-1.html" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18852/data-logging--1.html">Data logging </a></li><li><a href="../18853/software-for-graph-plotting--1.html">Software for graph plotting </a></li><li><a href="../18854/spreadsheets-for-data-processing--1.html">Spreadsheets for data processing </a></li><li><a href="../18855/databases-1.html">Databases</a></li><li><a href="../18856/computer-modelling-simulations--1.html">Computer modelling & simulations </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16594/group-4-project-1.html" class="father">Group 4 Project</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16595/practicalities-1.html">Practicalities</a></li><li><a href="../16596/reflective-statement--2.html">Reflective statement </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16666/a-new-laboratory-1.html">A new laboratory?</a></li></ul></li><li class="selected"><a href="../16284/exams-1.html">Exams</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16286/essential-facts-1.html" class="father">Essential Facts</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a 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href="../16325/faqs-1.html">FAQs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../3147/ib-core-1.html">IB Core</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../3149/learner-profile-1.html">Learner Profile</a></li><li><a href="../21735/extended-essays--1.html" class="father">Extended Essays </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../21736/overview--1.html">Overview </a></li><li><a href="../21780/responsibilities-1.html">Responsibilities</a></li><li><a href="../21790/resources-1.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="../21800/research-1.html">Research</a></li><li><a href="../21804/writing-the-essay-1.html">Writing the essay</a></li><li><a href="../21810/assessment-1.html">Assessment</a></li><li><a href="../22434/summary-of-advice--1.html">Summary of advice </a></li><li><a href="../25272/faqs--1.html">FAQs </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../307/theory-of-knowledge-tok-1.html" class="father">Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../41171/the-12-tok-concepts-1.html">The 12 TOK concepts</a></li><li><a href="../3507/why-tok-chemistry-1.html">Why TOK & Chemistry?</a></li><li><a href="../3505/a-modern-paradigm-1.html">A modern paradigm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17783/fast-track-to-tests-questions-1.html">Fast track to tests & questions</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../17784/sl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24351/sl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31519/sl-practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">SL Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li><li><a href="../17786/sl-questions-on-each-sub-topic-1.html">SL Questions on each sub-topic</a></li><li><a href="../20431/sl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">SL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17792/sl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">SL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a 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</div><section id="main-content"><h1><img alt="" class="ico" height="24" src="../../../img/tib-icons/higher-level-24-1.png" title="" width="24"> Paper 3 Section A Experimental work Question 8</h1><hr class="hidden"> <section class="tib-teacher-only" readonly="true" title="This box is not visible to students"><div class="header" readonly="true"><img class="icon" src="../../../img/icons/teacher-only.svg"> Teacher only box</div><div class="content" readonly="false"><p>This page of questions on experimental work in preparation for Section A of Paper 3 can be marked as direct student access either for assigning as a test or for students to work on in their own time. If you do not wish to use student access, links to downloadable versions of the questions and, separately the worked answers, can be found at <a href="../41573/printable-versions-of-written-tasks--1.html" title="Fast track to tests & questions » Printable versions of written tasks ">Printable versions of written tasks</a>.</p><p><em>Note that this question relates to 6.1 “Investigation of rates of reaction experimentally and evaluation of the results”, but is HL only as Rate equations and reaction mechanisms are covered in AHL Topic 16.1. </em></p></div></section><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><div class="tib-quiz"><div class="written-question">
<div class="mIB Docs (2) Teamal-q-question">
<p>A class of students wanted to find a possible mechanism for the reaction between propanone and iodine in the presence of an acid catalyst.</p>
<p>Three different burettes were set up in the laboratory. One contained an aqueous solution of 2.0 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> propanone, CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>, another contained an aqueous solution of 0.010 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> iodine, I<sub>2</sub>(aq), and the third contained 2.0 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> hydrochloric acid solution, HCl(aq).</p>
<p>Students were instructed to place the required volumes of the propanone and iodine solution in a test-tube together with the required volume of water. They then added the specified volume of hydrochloric acid, mixed the contents and timed how long it took for the yellow colour of the iodine to disappear.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Table showing volumes to be added</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014%20Exams/ex-8-volumes.png" style="width: 600px; height: 137px;"></p>
<hr class="hidden">
<p style="text-align: center;">The following results show the initial concentrations of the three reagents and the average time taken for the iodine colour to disappear.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014%20Exams/rate-for-iodination-of-propanone(1).png" style="width: 550px; height: 119px;"></p>
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<div class="mIB Docs (2) Teamal-q-answer">
<p><strong>(a)</strong> Explain how the value for the initial concentration of the iodine solution in Experiment number 3 was calculated. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p>
<div class="well gray">3 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;">1.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.010 I<sub>2</sub>(aq) is diluted 20 times to give a total volume of 20.0 cm<sup>3</sup>.<br>
Hence the concentration is one twentieth of the original concentration.<br>
0.010 ÷ 20 = 0.0005 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>.<em><strong> [1]</strong></em>
</div>
<hr class="hidden">
<p><strong>(b) </strong>Explain why the colour of the iodine disappears as the reaction proceeds. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p>
<div class="well gray">2 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;">I<sub>2</sub>(aq) is yellow but both the products containing iodine, I<sup>−</sup>(aq) and CH<sub>2</sub>ICOCH<sub>3</sub>(aq), are colourless. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em>
</div>
<hr class="hidden">
<p><strong>(c) </strong>Determine the order of reaction with respect to iodine. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p>
<div class="well gray">3 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;">Zero order.<br>
When half the amount of iodine is placed in the reaction tube, the time taken for the colour of the iodine to disappear is halved, so the rate is the same, i.e. the rate does not depend upon the concentration of iodine. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em>
</div>
<hr class="hidden">
<p><strong>(d)</strong> Determine the rate equation for the reaction.<em><strong> [1]</strong></em></p>
<div class="well gray">3 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;">Order with respect to [CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>] = 1<br>
Order with respect to [H<sup>+</sup>] = 1<br>
Rate = <em>k</em>[CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>(aq)][H<sup>+</sup>(aq)] where k is the rate constant. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em>
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<p><strong>(e) </strong>State what can be deduced about the slow step of the reaction in terms of the reactants. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p>
<div class="well gray">2 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;">The slow step of the reaction does not involve iodine.<br>
It does involve propanone and hydrogen ions.<em><strong> [1]</strong></em>
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<p><strong>(f) </strong>Use your knowledge of chemistry to suggest a possible first step in the mechanism of the reaction if it is assumed that the first step is the slowest step.<em><strong> [1]</strong></em></p>
<div class="well gray">5 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;">The first step is likely to be the protonation of propanone. The carbonyl oxygen atom will have a small negative charge as oxygen is more electronegative than carbon so it is likely to attract the proton to form CH<sub>3</sub>−CO<sup>+</sup>H−CH<sub>3</sub> as a reactive intermediate. <em><strong>[1]<br>
<img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014%20Exams/First-step-in-iodination-mechanism.png" style="width: 300px; height: 110px;"></strong></em>
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