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nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li><a href="../19429/solar-energy-1.html">Solar energy</a></li><li><a href="../19437/environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html">Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><li><a href="../19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li><a href="../19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl--1.html">Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) </a></li><li><a href="../19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-1.html">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19078/option-d-1.html" class="father">Option D</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19079/pharmaceutical-products-drug-action--1.html">Pharmaceutical products & drug action </a></li><li><a href="../19158/aspirin-penicillin--1.html">Aspirin & penicillin </a></li><li><a href="../19174/opiates-1.html">Opiates</a></li><li><a href="../19184/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-1.html">pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li><a href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html">Antiviral medications </a></li><li><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html">Nuclear medicine </a></li><li><a href="../19273/drug-detection-analysis--1.html">Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia--1.html">Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16682/internal-assessment-1.html" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18892/scaffolding-the-investigation-1.html">'Scaffolding' the investigation</a></li><li><a href="../18896/timing-organisation--1.html">Timing & organisation </a></li><li><a href="../18905/choosing-the-research-question-1.html">Choosing the research question</a></li><li><a href="../18946/personal-engagement-1.html">Personal engagement</a></li><li><a href="../18950/exploration-1.html">Exploration</a></li><li><a href="../18957/analysis-1.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="../18965/evaluation-1.html">Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="../18966/communication-1.html">Communication</a></li><li><a href="../19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia-1.html">Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li><a href="../19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation-2.html">Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li><a href="../33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data-1.html">Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li><a href="../37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia--1.html">Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li><a href="../19506/ia-example-marking-exercise--1.html">IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li><a href="../23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports-1.html">Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li><a href="../25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports--1.html">Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li><a href="../37542/history-of-internal-assessment-1.html">History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html">Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li><a href="../16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas-1.html">Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li><a href="../16615/acid-base-titrations--1.html">Acid-base titrations </a></li><li><a href="../16616/a-green-acid-base-practical-1.html">A green acid-base practical</a></li><li><a href="../16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets-1.html">Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li><a href="../16618/caco3-in-egg-shells-1.html">CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li><a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html">Enthalpy changes</a></li><li><a href="../16631/reaction-rates-1.html">Reaction rates</a></li><li><a href="../16635/rate-dependent-factors-1.html">Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li><a href="../16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li><a href="../16637/iodination-of-propanone-1.html">Iodination of propanone</a></li><li><a href="../18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter-1.html">Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li><a href="../18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4--1.html">Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li><a href="../16640/voltaic-cells-1.html">Voltaic cells</a></li><li><a href="../16659/3-d-molecular-modelling--1.html">3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17168/other-good-practicals-1.html" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../17196/common-chemical-reactions-1.html">Common chemical reactions</a></li><li><a href="../227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period--1.html">Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li><a href="../17239/the-halogens-1.html">The halogens</a></li><li><a href="../17162/boiling-points-of-mixtures-1.html">Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li><a href="../17170/polarity-of-molecules-1.html">Polarity of molecules</a></li><li><a href="../18083/le-chateliers-principle--1.html">Le Chatelier's principle </a></li><li><a href="../19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li><a href="../18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium--1.html">Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li><a href="../18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools--1.html">Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li><a href="../18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution--1.html">Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html">Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li><a href="../19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure-1.html">Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li><a href="../19887/preparation-of-nylon-66-1.html">Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li><a href="../19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content--1.html">Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li><a href="../19342/hydrolysis-of-starch--1.html">Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li><a href="../19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin--1.html">Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../18851/ict-in-practical-work-1.html" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18852/data-logging--1.html">Data logging </a></li><li><a href="../18853/software-for-graph-plotting--1.html">Software for graph plotting </a></li><li><a href="../18854/spreadsheets-for-data-processing--1.html">Spreadsheets for data processing </a></li><li><a href="../18855/databases-1.html">Databases</a></li><li><a href="../18856/computer-modelling-simulations--1.html">Computer modelling & simulations </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16594/group-4-project-1.html" class="father">Group 4 Project</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16595/practicalities-1.html">Practicalities</a></li><li><a href="../16596/reflective-statement--2.html">Reflective statement </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16666/a-new-laboratory-1.html">A new laboratory?</a></li></ul></li><li class="selected"><a href="../16284/exams-1.html">Exams</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16286/essential-facts-1.html" class="father">Essential Facts</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a 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href="../16325/faqs-1.html">FAQs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../3147/ib-core-1.html">IB Core</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../3149/learner-profile-1.html">Learner Profile</a></li><li><a href="../21735/extended-essays--1.html" class="father">Extended Essays </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../21736/overview--1.html">Overview </a></li><li><a href="../21780/responsibilities-1.html">Responsibilities</a></li><li><a href="../21790/resources-1.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="../21800/research-1.html">Research</a></li><li><a href="../21804/writing-the-essay-1.html">Writing the essay</a></li><li><a href="../21810/assessment-1.html">Assessment</a></li><li><a href="../22434/summary-of-advice--1.html">Summary of advice </a></li><li><a href="../25272/faqs--1.html">FAQs </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../307/theory-of-knowledge-tok-1.html" class="father">Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../41171/the-12-tok-concepts-1.html">The 12 TOK concepts</a></li><li><a href="../3507/why-tok-chemistry-1.html">Why TOK & Chemistry?</a></li><li><a href="../3505/a-modern-paradigm-1.html">A modern paradigm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17783/fast-track-to-tests-questions-1.html">Fast track to tests & questions</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../17784/sl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24351/sl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31519/sl-practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">SL Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li><li><a href="../17786/sl-questions-on-each-sub-topic-1.html">SL Questions on each sub-topic</a></li><li><a href="../20431/sl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">SL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17792/sl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">SL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a 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</div><section id="main-content"><div class="box"><h1><img alt="laugh" class="ico" height="16" src="../../../img/tib-icons/higher-level-16-1.png" title="laugh" width="16"> Data Response question on iron pentacarbonyl</h1><hr class="hidden"><section class="tib-teacher-only" readonly="true" title="This box is not visible to students"><div class="header" readonly="true"><img class="icon" src="../../../img/icons/teacher-only.svg"> Teacher only box</div><div class="content" readonly="false"><p><em>I have made up this question to help prepare students for the data response questions which appear on Section A of Paper 3 for the examinations on the 2014 programme (i.e. for examinations after May 2016). The information given is new to the students but they should be able to use their knowledge and understanding of the chemistry content of the programme to answer the questions. Because I have tried to make the chemistry interesting it may be a little harder than an actual exam question but exposure to questions like this beforehand should make students able to face the data response question in the final examination with considerable confidence. Since some of the answers require a knowledge and understanding of material from the AHL this particular question is only suitable for Higher Level students.</em></p><hr class="hidden"><p><em>As well as including model answers I have also explained the chemistry fully and given the 'Complete course for students' links to the pages which cover the theory behind each individual question. If you set it as an assigned task using </em> <a href="../24826/using-student-access--1.html" title="Basic information » Using student access ">Student Access</a><em>, students will not be able to see the model answers until after they have submitted their answers to you. If you simply give students access to the page (rather than assigning it as a task) they will be able to access the model answers themselves for review/revision/self-study etc. </em></p><p>If you do not wish to use student access, links to downloadable versions of the questions and, separately the worked answers, can be found at <a href="../41573/printable-versions-of-written-tasks--1.html" title="Fast track to tests & questions » Printable versions of written tasks ">Printable versions of written tasks</a>.</p></div></section> <hr class="hidden"><div class="tib-quiz"><div class="written-question"><div class="mIB Docs (2) Teamal-q-question"><p>At 25 <sup>o</sup>C iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>, is a, straw-coloured liquid with a pungent odour. It can react with chlorine to give Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>.</p><p>One of the uses of iron pentacarbonyl is to make nanotubes. When Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub> is heated at 1400 K in the presence of carbon monoxide at high pressure it reacts to form nanoparticles of iron.</p><p>Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>(g) → Fe(s) + 5CO(g)</p><p>These iron nanoparticles provide a nucleation surface for the transformation of carbon monoxide into carbon during the growth of the nanotubes (CNT).</p><p><em>x</em>CO(g) → CNT(s) + ½<em>x</em>CO<sub>2</sub>(g)</p><p>where <em>x</em> is typically 6000 giving a carbon nanotube containing 3000 carbon atoms.</p></div><div class="mIB Docs (2) Teamal-q-answer"><p><strong>(a)</strong> Comment on the fact that iron pentacarbonyl is a liquid under standard conditions (its melting point is - 21 <sup>o</sup>C and its boiling point is 103 <sup>o</sup>C). <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p><div class="well gray">2 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;"><p>Even though the <em>M</em><sub>r</sub> for Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub> is quite high (195.9), the fact that the melting point is quite low suggests that the molecule is non-polar. <strong><em> [1]</em></strong></p><hr class="hidden"><p>(The attractive forces between the non-polar Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub> molecules are therefore weak London (dispersion forces) so little energy is required to overcome these attractive forces resulting in a low melting point. The boiling point is above room temperature as the molecules do have considerable mass/electrons which does increase the London (dispersion) forces.</p><hr class="hidden"><p>Underlying chemistry concepts can be found in <a href="../27981/44-intermolecular-forces--1.html">4.4 Intermolecular forces</a>.)</p></div><p><br><strong>(b) </strong>Deduce the geometric shape of a molecule of iron pentacarbonyl. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p><div class="well gray">2 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;"><p>There are five bonding pairs and no non-bonding pairs so the shape is the regular shape for five electron domains - trigonal bipyramid.<em><strong> [1]</strong></em></p><hr class="hidden"><p><strong>(</strong>Since Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub> is non-polar it must have a symmetrical shape with no non-bonding pairs of electrons around the central iron atom (if there were it would be octahedral and polar). Although each CO ligand is polar, when the five ligands are arranged in a trigonal bipyramid shape the resultant dipole is zero.</p><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014%20Exams/Fe(CO)5.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 291px;"></p><p style="text-align: center;">Fe(CO)<sub>5 </sub>trigonal bipyramid</p><hr class="hidden"><p>Underlying chemistry concepts can be found in <a href="../27983/141-further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding-1.html">14.1 Further aspects of covalent bonding.</a>)</p></div><p><br><strong>(c) (i)</strong> Draw the Lewis structure of carbon monoxide. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p><div class="well gray">2 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;"><p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014%20Exams/CO.png" style="width: 100px; height: 27px;"> <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p><hr class="hidden"><p>(Carbon monoxide contains a coordinate bond as the two electrons in one of the triple bond pairs originate from the oxygen atom.</p><hr class="hidden"><p>Underlying chemistry concepts can be found in <a href="../27973/42-covalent-bonding-1.html">4.2 Covalent bonding</a>.)</p></div><p><strong>(ii)</strong> Use the concept of formal charge to explain why iron bonds to the carbon atom of the carbon monoxide molecules rather than the oxygen atom. <em><strong>[2]</strong></em></p><div class="well gray">3 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;"><p>The formal charge on the C atom = 4 - 2 - ( ½ x 6) = – 1<br>and the formal charge on the O atom = 6 -2 - ( ½ x 6) = + 1 <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p><p>Since the negative formal charge is on the carbon atom it is this non-bonding pair that forms a coordinate bond to the iron atom.<em><strong> [1]</strong></em></p><hr class="hidden"><p>(Underlying chemistry concepts can be found in <a href="../27983/141-further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding-1.html">14.1 Further aspects of covalent bonding</a>.)</p></div><p><br><strong>(d) (i) </strong>Use oxidation states to show whether iron pentacarbonyl is oxidized or reduced when it reacts with chlorine.<strong> <em>[1]</em></strong></p><div class="well gray">3 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;"><p>The oxidation state of Fe goes from 0 in Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub> to +2 in Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub><br>The oxidation state of Cl goes from 0 in Cl<sub>2</sub> to – 1 in Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub><br>Therefore this is a redox reaction in which the iron is oxidized from 0 to +2 and the chlorine is reduced from 0 to – 1. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p><hr class="hidden"><p>(Underlying chemistry concepts can be found in <a href="../28021/91-oxidation-reduction-1.html">9.1 Oxidation & reduction</a>.)</p></div><p><strong>(ii)</strong> Deduce all the possible structures for Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>. <em><strong>[2]</strong></em></p><div class="well gray">5 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;"><p>There are six ligands and no non-bonding pairs of electrons around the central iron ion so the geometric shape of the complex will be octahedral. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em><br>However there are two possibilities as it could exist as a cis- or trans- isomer. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center;"><br><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014%20Exams/cis-Fe(CO)4Cl2.png" style="width: 200px; height: 192px;"> <img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014%20Exams/trans-Fe(CO)4Cl2.png" style="width: 200px; height: 192px;"></p><hr class="hidden"><p>(Underlying chemistry concepts can be found in <a href="../27983/141-further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding-1.html">14.1 Further aspects of covalent bonding</a> and <a href="../28059/203-stereoisomerism--1.html">20.3 Stereoisomerism</a>.)</p></div><p><br><strong>(e)</strong> Assuming the carbon dioxide in the above process is lost to the atmosphere and the iron produced is discarded, calculate the atom economy of the reaction assuming it gives 100% yield of carbon nanotubes. <em><strong>[2]</strong></em></p><div class="well gray">5 lines</div><div class="text-right"><a class="modal-answer-showhide" href="#"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> Show model answer</a></div><div class="short-modal-answer accordion-inner" style="display: none;"><p>From the two equations Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>(g) → Fe(s) + 5CO(g) and <em>x</em>CO(g) → CNT(s) + ½<em>x</em>CO<sub>2</sub>(g), 1 mol of Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>(g) produces 2.5 mol of CNT. <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p><p>Assuming molar quantities<br>Mass of reactants = 55.85 + 5 x (12.01 + 16.00) = 195.90 g<br>Mass of desired product = 2.5 x 12.01 = 30.025 g<br>Atom economy = (30.025/195.90) x 100 = 15.3% <em><strong>[1]</strong></em></p><hr class="hidden"><p>(Obviously if the iron and/or the carbon dioxide can be recycled then the atom economy would be much higher.</p><hr class="hidden"><p>Underlying chemistry concepts can be found in <a href="../27958/13-reacting-masses-and-volumes--1.html">1.3 Reacting masses and volumes</a>.)<br>Strictly speaking this sub-topic talks about the importance of percentage yield in industrial processes but atom economy does appear in Option A : Materials (<a href="../28067/a5-polymers-1.html">A.5 Polymers</a>) and Option B : Biochemistry (<a href="../28082/b6-biochemistry-the-environment-1.html">B.6 Biochemistry & the environment</a>) and Green chemistry is mentioned in Option D : Medicinal chemistry (<a href="../28104/d6-environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">D6 - Environmental impact of some medications</a>).</p></div></div><div class="mIB Docs (2) Teamal-q-explanation"><p> </p></div></div><p> </p></div><hr><hr class="hidden"></div></section></article><section id="media-extras"><div class="page-actions no-print navbar inline hidden-desktop"><div class="navbar-inner"><ul class="nav"><li><a class="presentation" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-desktop"></i></a></li><li><a class="print-section-blog" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-print"></i></a></li><li><a class="page-bookmarker" data-ticket="IB Docs (2) Team" data-pid="17292" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star"></i></a></li><li><a class="personal-notes" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-file-text"></i></a></li><li><a class="" data-toggle="modal" href="#modal-feedback" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></a></li><li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#" href="#"><i class="fa fa-share-alt"></i></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li><a class="" target="_blank" title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?text=%22Data+response+Example+4%22+-+via+%40InThinker+%23chemistry%0A&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17292%2Fdata-response-example-4"><i class="fa fa-twitter-square"></i><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li><a class="" target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17292%2Fdata-response-example-4&t=Data+response+Example+4"><i class="fa fa-facebook-square"></i><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17292%2Fdata-response-example-4"><i class="fa fa-linkedin-square"></i><span>LinkedIn</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17292%2Fdata-response-example-4"><i class="fa fa-google-plus-square"></i><span>Google +</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="mailto:?subject=Data response Example 4&body=I have made up this question to help prepare students for the data response questions which appear on Section A of Paper 3 for the examinations on the 2014 programme (i.e. for examinations after May 2016). 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