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science </a></li><li><a href="../19519/metals-and-icp-spectroscopy-1.html">Metals and ICP spectroscopy</a></li><li><a href="../19541/catalysts--1.html">Catalysts </a></li><li><a href="../19580/liquid-crystals-1.html">Liquid crystals</a></li><li><a href="../19665/polymers--1.html">Polymers </a></li><li><a href="../19672/nanotechnology-1.html">Nanotechnology</a></li><li><a href="../19843/environmental-impact-plastics-1.html">Environmental impact - plastics</a></li><li><a href="../19858/superconducting-metals-x-ray-crystallography--1.html">Superconducting metals & X-ray crystallography </a></li><li><a href="../19666/condensation-polymers-1.html">Condensation polymers</a></li><li><a href="../19916/environmental-impact-heavy-metals-1.html">Environmental impact - heavy metals</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19284/option-b--1.html" class="father">Option B </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19290/introduction-to-biochemistry--1.html">Introduction to biochemistry </a></li><li><a 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nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li><a href="../19429/solar-energy-1.html">Solar energy</a></li><li><a href="../19437/environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html">Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><li><a href="../19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li><a href="../19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl--1.html">Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) </a></li><li><a href="../19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-1.html">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19078/option-d-1.html" class="father">Option D</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19079/pharmaceutical-products-drug-action--1.html">Pharmaceutical products & drug action </a></li><li><a href="../19158/aspirin-penicillin--1.html">Aspirin & penicillin </a></li><li><a href="../19174/opiates-1.html">Opiates</a></li><li><a href="../19184/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-1.html">pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li><a href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html">Antiviral medications </a></li><li><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html">Nuclear medicine </a></li><li><a href="../19273/drug-detection-analysis--1.html">Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="selected"><a href="../16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia--1.html">Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16682/internal-assessment-1.html" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18892/scaffolding-the-investigation-1.html">'Scaffolding' the investigation</a></li><li><a href="../18896/timing-organisation--1.html">Timing & organisation </a></li><li><a href="../18905/choosing-the-research-question-1.html">Choosing the research question</a></li><li><a href="../18946/personal-engagement-1.html">Personal engagement</a></li><li><a href="../18950/exploration-1.html">Exploration</a></li><li><a href="../18957/analysis-1.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="../18965/evaluation-1.html">Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="../18966/communication-1.html">Communication</a></li><li><a href="../19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia-1.html">Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li><a href="../19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation-2.html">Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li><a href="../33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data-1.html">Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li><a href="../37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia--1.html">Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li><a href="../19506/ia-example-marking-exercise--1.html">IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li><a href="../23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports-1.html">Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li><a href="../25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports--1.html">Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li><a href="../37542/history-of-internal-assessment-1.html">History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html">Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li><a href="../16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas-1.html">Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li><a href="../16615/acid-base-titrations--1.html">Acid-base titrations </a></li><li><a href="../16616/a-green-acid-base-practical-1.html">A green acid-base practical</a></li><li><a href="../16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets-1.html">Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li><a href="../16618/caco3-in-egg-shells-1.html">CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li><a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html">Enthalpy changes</a></li><li><a href="../16631/reaction-rates-1.html">Reaction rates</a></li><li><a href="../16635/rate-dependent-factors-1.html">Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li><a href="../16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li><a href="../16637/iodination-of-propanone-1.html">Iodination of propanone</a></li><li><a href="../18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter-1.html">Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li><a href="../18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4--1.html">Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li><a href="../16640/voltaic-cells-1.html">Voltaic cells</a></li><li><a href="../16659/3-d-molecular-modelling--1.html">3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li class="selected"><a href="../17168/other-good-practicals-1.html" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../17196/common-chemical-reactions-1.html">Common chemical reactions</a></li><li><a href="../227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period--1.html">Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li class="selected"><a href="the-halogens-1.html">The halogens</a></li><li><a href="../17162/boiling-points-of-mixtures-1.html">Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li><a href="../17170/polarity-of-molecules-1.html">Polarity of molecules</a></li><li><a href="../18083/le-chateliers-principle--1.html">Le Chatelier's principle </a></li><li><a href="../19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li><a href="../18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium--1.html">Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li><a href="../18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools--1.html">Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li><a href="../18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution--1.html">Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html">Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li><a href="../19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure-1.html">Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li><a href="../19887/preparation-of-nylon-66-1.html">Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li><a href="../19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content--1.html">Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li><a href="../19342/hydrolysis-of-starch--1.html">Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li><a href="../19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin--1.html">Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../18851/ict-in-practical-work-1.html" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18852/data-logging--1.html">Data logging </a></li><li><a href="../18853/software-for-graph-plotting--1.html">Software for graph plotting </a></li><li><a href="../18854/spreadsheets-for-data-processing--1.html">Spreadsheets for data processing </a></li><li><a href="../18855/databases-1.html">Databases</a></li><li><a href="../18856/computer-modelling-simulations--1.html">Computer modelling & simulations </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16594/group-4-project-1.html" class="father">Group 4 Project</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16595/practicalities-1.html">Practicalities</a></li><li><a href="../16596/reflective-statement--2.html">Reflective statement </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16666/a-new-laboratory-1.html">A new laboratory?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16284/exams-1.html">Exams</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16286/essential-facts-1.html" class="father">Essential Facts</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16287/objectives-command-terms-1.html">Objectives & command terms</a></li><li><a href="../16288/grade-descriptors-1.html">Grade descriptors</a></li><li><a href="../16289/grade-boundaries-1.html">Grade boundaries</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16302/paper-1-multiple-choice-1.html" class="father">Paper 1 (Multiple Choice)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16303/advice-to-students-paper-1-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 1)</a></li><li><a href="../31515/practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16305/paper-2-1.html" class="father">Paper 2</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16306/advice-to-students-paper-2-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 2)</a></li><li><a href="../16307/areas-of-difficulty-1.html">Areas of difficulty</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16313/paper-3--1.html" class="father">Paper 3 </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16314/advice-to-students-paper-3-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 3)</a></li><li><a href="../16342/data-response-questions-1.html">Data response questions</a></li><li><a href="../20054/experimental-work-questions-1.html">Experimental work questions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16324/the-examination-process-1.html" class="father">The examination process</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16316/setting-the-exam-papers-1.html">Setting the exam papers</a></li><li><a href="../16317/predicted-grades-1.html">Predicted grades</a></li><li><a href="../16318/marking-the-papers-1.html">Marking the papers</a></li><li><a href="../16319/commenting-on-the-exams-1.html">Commenting on the exams</a></li><li><a href="../16320/grade-awarding-1.html">Grade Awarding</a></li><li><a href="../16321/enquiry-upon-results-1.html">Enquiry upon results</a></li><li><a href="../16322/chief-examiners-report-1.html">Chief Examiner's report</a></li><li><a href="../16323/retaking-the-exam-1.html">Retaking the exam</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16325/faqs-1.html">FAQs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../3147/ib-core-1.html">IB Core</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../3149/learner-profile-1.html">Learner Profile</a></li><li><a href="../21735/extended-essays--1.html" class="father">Extended Essays </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../21736/overview--1.html">Overview </a></li><li><a href="../21780/responsibilities-1.html">Responsibilities</a></li><li><a href="../21790/resources-1.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="../21800/research-1.html">Research</a></li><li><a href="../21804/writing-the-essay-1.html">Writing the essay</a></li><li><a href="../21810/assessment-1.html">Assessment</a></li><li><a href="../22434/summary-of-advice--1.html">Summary of advice </a></li><li><a href="../25272/faqs--1.html">FAQs </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../307/theory-of-knowledge-tok-1.html" class="father">Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../41171/the-12-tok-concepts-1.html">The 12 TOK concepts</a></li><li><a href="../3507/why-tok-chemistry-1.html">Why TOK & Chemistry?</a></li><li><a href="../3505/a-modern-paradigm-1.html">A modern paradigm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17783/fast-track-to-tests-questions-1.html">Fast track to tests & questions</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../17784/sl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24351/sl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31519/sl-practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">SL Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li><li><a href="../17786/sl-questions-on-each-sub-topic-1.html">SL Questions on each sub-topic</a></li><li><a href="../20431/sl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">SL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17792/sl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">SL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a href="../24897/sl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics--1.html">SL Quizzes on option sub-topics </a></li><li><a href="../17785/hl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24352/hl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31520/hl-practice-paper-1-exams--1.html">HL Practice Paper 1 exams </a></li><li><a href="../17787/hl-questions-on-each-sub-topic--1.html">HL Questions on each sub-topic </a></li><li><a href="../20428/hl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">HL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17793/hl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">HL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a href="../24973/hl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics-1.html">HL Quizzes on option sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../41573/printable-versions-of-written-tasks--1.html">Printable versions of written tasks </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../41465/complete-course-for-students--2.html">Complete course for students </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a 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</div><section id="main-content"><div class="blueBg"><h1><img alt="" height="22" src="../../../img/tib-icons/standard-level-32-1.png" title="" width="22"> <img alt="" height="22" src="../../../img/tib-icons/higher-level-32-1.png" title="" width="22"> Introduction</h1><p><img alt="" class="left" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Cl2 with bromine.jpg" style="width: 160px; height: 214px;">The chemical and physical properties of the halogens appear under <a href="../17037/periodic-trends-1.html" title="Core & AHL » Teaching each topic & sub-topic » Topics 3 & 13 » Periodic trends">Topic 3.2 Periodic trends</a> on the core. Although the physical properties such as atomic and ionic radii are often covered with the remainder of topic 3 it can make sense to leave the study of their chemical properties until students have covered oxidation and reduction.</p><p>If your students do not understand the concept of <span data-scayt-word="redox" data-wsc-lang="en_US">redox</span> then much of the chemistry of the halogens will make little sense. This practical is worth doing as it gives students a hands-on experience of these important elements and ions. The reaction of the halide ions with silver ions is no longer on the syllabus but it a good example of precipitation, the effect of light on silver salts and solubility in non-polar solvents so I think it is still worth doing. The solubility of iodine in non-polar solvents to give a purple solution can be contrasted with its solubility in potassium iodide solution which gives a brown <span data-scayt-word="colour" data-wsc-lang="en_US">colour</span>. This fits in well with <a href="../17160/intermolecular-forces-1.html" title="Core & AHL » Teaching each topic & sub-topic » Topics 4 & 14 » Intermolecular forces">Topic 4.4 Intermolecular forces</a><a href="../17160/intermolecular-forces-1.html" title="New 2014 programme (First exams 2016) » Core & AHL » Teaching each topic & sub-topic » Topics 4 & 14 » Intermolecular forces">.</a></p><hr class="hidden"></div><hr class="hidden"><div class="greenBg"><h1>Teacher’s notes</h1><p>Chlorine, bromine and iodine are hazardous chemicals so students should not be allowed to use them in their pure state. If you are able to obtain bromine and iodine then it is helpful to demonstrate them to the students using a fume cupboard. Chlorine can be prepared freshly by reacting concentrated hydrochloric acid with crystals of potassium manganate(VII). They should be able to see the green gas being formed. Wear protective gloves when handling liquid bromine. With care you can ‘pour’ the gas from the bottle so that students can see how volatile and dense the <span data-scayt-word="vapour" data-wsc-lang="en_US">vapour</span> is. A few crystals of iodine can be heated carefully in a tube. Sometimes books say that it sublimes and certainly purple crystals will be seen subliming on the sides of the tube but it can also be seen to melt. If you cannot make or obtain the pure halogens then these properties can be shown using the following video clip.</p><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="280" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/yP0U5rGWqdg?rel=0" width="360"></iframe></p><p style="text-align: center; "><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP0U5rGWqdg&feature=player_embedded">Properties of the halogens <img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/video-1.png"><span class="anchor" id="video-1" name="video-1"> </span></a></p><hr class="hidden"><p>The experiments the students do with chlorine water, bromine water and a solution of iodine in aqueous potassium iodide are safe and easy to carry out. Heptane is given here as an example of an organic solvent but other non-polar organic solvents can be used in its place. It is a good exercise in using small quantities and observing carefully. All the halogens are much more soluble in non-polar solvents than they are in water and their <span data-scayt-word="colour" data-wsc-lang="en_US">colour</span> can easily be seen in the top layer. Iodine is purple in non-polar solvents as it exists as I<sub>2</sub> molecules whereas in aqueous potassium iodide solution it is brown due to the presence of the tri-iodide ion, I<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq). The reaction of light with silver halides is the basis of pre-digital black and white film photography.</p><hr class="hidden"></div><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center; "></p><div class="box"><h2><img alt="Standard Level" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/standard-1.png" title="Standard Level"> <img alt="Higher Level" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/higher-1.png" title="Higher Level"> Student worksheet</h2><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center;"><b>GROUP 17- THE HALOGENS</b></p><hr class="hidden"><p>Group 17 of the periodic table contains the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. In this practical you will examine some of the properties and reactions of chlorine, bromine and iodine and their respective ions.</p><hr class="hidden"><p><strong>ENVIRONMENTAL CARE: </strong></p><p>The elements are all <span data-scayt-word="oxidising" data-wsc-lang="en_US">oxidising</span> agents and can potentially have an adverse effect on natural systems. Place all halogen residues in the marked container in the fume cupboard where any organic layer can be separated and the elements can eventually be converted into halides for disposal. Do not throw halogen residues down the sink. Halides, the salts of the halogens, all occur naturally in sea water and can be disposed of safely down the sink.</p><p><strong>SAFETY: </strong></p><p>All the halogens are poisonous (chlorine was used as a poison gas in the First World War). Use only small quantities, handle them with care, avoid inhaling the <span data-scayt-word="vapours" data-wsc-lang="en_US">vapours</span> and do not spill them on your skin or clothing. Fluorine is too dangerous for you to use and astatine is radioactive.</p><hr class="hidden"><p><strong>PROCEDURE:</strong></p><p><strong>1. </strong>Prepare for the practical beforehand by drawing out a table and using the data book give the following information for each element. a) symbol, b) electron configuration, c) atomic mass, d) melting point and e) boiling point.</p><p><strong>2. </strong>You will be shown pure samples of the three elements in the fume cupboard. Describe their physical appearance.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <u>Solubility tests</u>. Fill a small test tube one quarter full with aqueous chlorine solution and add a few drops of heptane. Stopper and shake well. Observe which layer appears to have the greatest concentration of chlorine. This may not be easy as chlorine solution only has a very pale green <span data-scayt-word="colour" data-wsc-lang="en_US">colour</span>. Repeat this test with aqueous solutions of bromine and iodine (dissolved in aqueous potassium iodide solution), noting the <span data-scayt-word="colour" data-wsc-lang="en_US">colour</span> in both layers.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> <u><span data-scayt-word="Redox" data-wsc-lang="en_US">Redox</span> reactions</u>. Line up four small test tubes. In the first, quarter fill with KCl(aq), the second with KBr(aq), the third with KI(aq) and the fourth with distilled water. To each tube add a few drops of chlorine solution and observe the changes. A few drops of heptane and a good shake may help you to understand what is taking place. Wash out the tubes, refill with the same four solutions and now add bromine solution to each. Repeat a third time, adding iodine solution to each.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> <u>Test for halide ions</u>. Line up three small test tubes and quarter fill the first with KCl(aq), the second with KBr(aq) and the third with KI(aq). To each add a few drops of silver nitrate solution and observe. Leave each solution in bright light for several minutes and note any further changes.</p><hr class="hidden"><p><strong>QUESTIONS</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Which is the better solvent for the halogens and why?</p><p>2<strong>.</strong> Explain the chemistry behind the <span data-scayt-word="redox" data-wsc-lang="en_US">redox</span> reactions giving the relevant equations.</p><p><strong>3. </strong>Write an ionic equation for the reaction of chloride ions with silver nitrate.</p><p><strong>4. </strong>Explain why iodine gives a purple solution when it is dissolved in heptane but a brown solution when it is dissolved in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> Silver nitrate used to be used to test for the presence of all three halide ions. Silver chloride is white silver bromide is cream <span data-scayt-word="coloured" data-wsc-lang="en_US">coloured</span> and silver iodide is yellow. It can sometimes be difficult to distinguish between silver bromide and silver iodide. Can you now devise a test which would definitely enable you to distinguish between bromide and iodide ions?</p><hr class="hidden"></div><hr class="hidden"><p>This worksheet can also be downloaded from:</p><p><a href="/media/ib/chemistry/files/practicals/The-halogens-(sheet)(1).pdf" target="_blank" title="Worksheets"><img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/exercise-1.png"> <img alt="" height="16" src="../../../img/tib-icons/standard-level-24-1.png" title="" width="16"> <img alt="" height="16" src="../../../img/tib-icons/higher-level-24-1.png" title="" width="16"> The halogens</a></p></section></article><section id="media-extras"><div class="page-actions no-print navbar inline hidden-desktop"><div class="navbar-inner"><ul class="nav"><li><a class="presentation" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-desktop"></i></a></li><li><a class="print-section-blog" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-print"></i></a></li><li><a class="page-bookmarker" data-ticket="IB Docs (2) Team" data-pid="17239" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star"></i></a></li><li><a class="personal-notes" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-file-text"></i></a></li><li><a class="" data-toggle="modal" href="#modal-feedback" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></a></li><li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#" href="#"><i class="fa fa-share-alt"></i></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li><a class="" target="_blank" title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?text=%22The+halogens%22+-+via+%40InThinker+%23chemistry%0A&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17239%2Fthe-halogens"><i class="fa fa-twitter-square"></i><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li><a class="" target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17239%2Fthe-halogens&t=The+halogens"><i class="fa fa-facebook-square"></i><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17239%2Fthe-halogens"><i class="fa fa-linkedin-square"></i><span>LinkedIn</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17239%2Fthe-halogens"><i class="fa fa-google-plus-square"></i><span>Google +</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="mailto:?subject=The halogens&body=The chemical and physical properties of the halogens appear under Topic 3.2 Periodic trends on the core. 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