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href="../19290/introduction-to-biochemistry--1.html">Introduction to biochemistry </a></li><li><a href="../19287/proteins-enzymes--1.html">Proteins & enzymes </a></li><li><a href="../19291/lipids-1.html">Lipids</a></li><li><a href="../19299/carbohydrates--1.html">Carbohydrates </a></li><li><a href="../19305/vitamins--1.html">Vitamins </a></li><li><a href="../19313/biochemistry-the-environment--1.html">Biochemistry & the environment </a></li><li><a href="../19336/proteins-enzymes-ahl--1.html">Proteins & enzymes (AHL) </a></li><li><a href="../19347/nucleic-acids--1.html">Nucleic acids </a></li><li><a href="../19361/biological-pigments--1.html">Biological pigments </a></li><li><a href="../19366/stereochemistry-in-biomolecules-1.html">Stereochemistry in biomolecules</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19390/option-c--1.html" class="father">Option C </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19391/energy-sources-1.html">Energy sources</a></li><li><a href="../19407/fossil-fuels-1.html">Fossil fuels</a></li><li><a href="../19411/nuclear-fusion-nuclear-fission-reactions-1.html">Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li><a href="../19429/solar-energy-1.html">Solar energy</a></li><li><a href="../19437/environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html">Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><li><a href="../19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li><a href="../19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl--1.html">Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) </a></li><li><a href="../19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-1.html">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19078/option-d-1.html" class="father">Option D</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19079/pharmaceutical-products-drug-action--1.html">Pharmaceutical products & drug action </a></li><li><a href="../19158/aspirin-penicillin--1.html">Aspirin & penicillin </a></li><li><a href="../19174/opiates-1.html">Opiates</a></li><li><a href="../19184/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-1.html">pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li><a href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html">Antiviral medications </a></li><li><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html">Nuclear medicine </a></li><li><a href="../19273/drug-detection-analysis--1.html">Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia--1.html">Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16682/internal-assessment-1.html" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18892/scaffolding-the-investigation-1.html">'Scaffolding' the investigation</a></li><li><a href="../18896/timing-organisation--1.html">Timing & organisation </a></li><li><a href="../18905/choosing-the-research-question-1.html">Choosing the research question</a></li><li><a href="../18946/personal-engagement-1.html">Personal engagement</a></li><li><a href="../18950/exploration-1.html">Exploration</a></li><li><a href="../18957/analysis-1.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="../18965/evaluation-1.html">Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="../18966/communication-1.html">Communication</a></li><li><a href="../19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia-1.html">Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li><a href="../19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation-2.html">Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li><a href="../33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data-1.html">Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li><a href="../37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia--1.html">Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li><a href="../19506/ia-example-marking-exercise--1.html">IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li><a href="../23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports-1.html">Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li><a href="../25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports--1.html">Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li><a href="../37542/history-of-internal-assessment-1.html">History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html">Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li><a href="../16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas-1.html">Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li><a href="../16615/acid-base-titrations--1.html">Acid-base titrations </a></li><li><a href="../16616/a-green-acid-base-practical-1.html">A green acid-base practical</a></li><li><a href="../16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets-1.html">Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li><a href="../16618/caco3-in-egg-shells-1.html">CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li><a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html">Enthalpy changes</a></li><li><a href="../16631/reaction-rates-1.html">Reaction rates</a></li><li><a href="../16635/rate-dependent-factors-1.html">Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li><a href="../16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li><a href="../16637/iodination-of-propanone-1.html">Iodination of propanone</a></li><li><a href="../18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter-1.html">Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li><a href="../18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4--1.html">Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li><a href="../16640/voltaic-cells-1.html">Voltaic cells</a></li><li><a href="../16659/3-d-molecular-modelling--1.html">3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17168/other-good-practicals-1.html" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../17196/common-chemical-reactions-1.html">Common chemical reactions</a></li><li><a href="../227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period--1.html">Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li><a href="../17239/the-halogens-1.html">The halogens</a></li><li><a href="../17162/boiling-points-of-mixtures-1.html">Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li><a href="../17170/polarity-of-molecules-1.html">Polarity of molecules</a></li><li><a href="../18083/le-chateliers-principle--1.html">Le Chatelier's principle </a></li><li><a href="../19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li><a href="../18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium--1.html">Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li><a href="../18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools--1.html">Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li><a href="../18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution--1.html">Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html">Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li><a href="../19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure-1.html">Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li><a href="../19887/preparation-of-nylon-66-1.html">Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li><a href="../19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content--1.html">Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li><a href="../19342/hydrolysis-of-starch--1.html">Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li><a href="../19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin--1.html">Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../18851/ict-in-practical-work-1.html" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18852/data-logging--1.html">Data logging </a></li><li><a href="../18853/software-for-graph-plotting--1.html">Software for graph plotting </a></li><li><a href="../18854/spreadsheets-for-data-processing--1.html">Spreadsheets for data processing </a></li><li><a href="../18855/databases-1.html">Databases</a></li><li><a href="../18856/computer-modelling-simulations--1.html">Computer modelling & simulations </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16594/group-4-project-1.html" class="father">Group 4 Project</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16595/practicalities-1.html">Practicalities</a></li><li><a href="../16596/reflective-statement--2.html">Reflective statement </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16666/a-new-laboratory-1.html">A new laboratory?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16284/exams-1.html">Exams</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16286/essential-facts-1.html" class="father">Essential Facts</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16287/objectives-command-terms-1.html">Objectives & command terms</a></li><li><a href="../16288/grade-descriptors-1.html">Grade descriptors</a></li><li><a href="../16289/grade-boundaries-1.html">Grade boundaries</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16302/paper-1-multiple-choice-1.html" class="father">Paper 1 (Multiple Choice)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16303/advice-to-students-paper-1-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 1)</a></li><li><a href="../31515/practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16305/paper-2-1.html" class="father">Paper 2</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16306/advice-to-students-paper-2-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 2)</a></li><li><a href="../16307/areas-of-difficulty-1.html">Areas of difficulty</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16313/paper-3--1.html" class="father">Paper 3 </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a 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href="../16323/retaking-the-exam-1.html">Retaking the exam</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16325/faqs-1.html">FAQs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../3147/ib-core-1.html">IB Core</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../3149/learner-profile-1.html">Learner Profile</a></li><li><a href="../21735/extended-essays--1.html" class="father">Extended Essays </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../21736/overview--1.html">Overview </a></li><li><a href="../21780/responsibilities-1.html">Responsibilities</a></li><li><a href="../21790/resources-1.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="../21800/research-1.html">Research</a></li><li><a href="../21804/writing-the-essay-1.html">Writing the essay</a></li><li><a href="../21810/assessment-1.html">Assessment</a></li><li><a href="../22434/summary-of-advice--1.html">Summary of advice </a></li><li><a href="../25272/faqs--1.html">FAQs </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../307/theory-of-knowledge-tok-1.html" class="father">Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../41171/the-12-tok-concepts-1.html">The 12 TOK concepts</a></li><li><a href="../3507/why-tok-chemistry-1.html">Why TOK & Chemistry?</a></li><li><a href="../3505/a-modern-paradigm-1.html">A modern paradigm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17783/fast-track-to-tests-questions-1.html">Fast track to tests & questions</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../17784/sl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24351/sl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31519/sl-practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">SL Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li><li><a href="../17786/sl-questions-on-each-sub-topic-1.html">SL Questions on each sub-topic</a></li><li><a href="../20431/sl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">SL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17792/sl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">SL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a href="../24897/sl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics--1.html">SL Quizzes on option sub-topics </a></li><li><a href="../17785/hl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24352/hl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31520/hl-practice-paper-1-exams--1.html">HL Practice Paper 1 exams </a></li><li><a href="../17787/hl-questions-on-each-sub-topic--1.html">HL Questions on each sub-topic </a></li><li><a href="../20428/hl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">HL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17793/hl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">HL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a href="../24973/hl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics-1.html">HL Quizzes on option sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../41573/printable-versions-of-written-tasks--1.html">Printable versions of written tasks </a></li></ul></li><li><a 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href="../17160/intermolecular-forces-1.html" title="Intermolecular forces">Intermolecular forces</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24512/mc-test-intermolecular-forces-1.html" title="MC test: Intermolecular forces">MC test: Intermolecular forces</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40937/intermolecular-forces-questions-1.html" title="Intermolecular forces questions">Intermolecular forces questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17237/metallic-bonding-1.html" title="Metallic bonding">Metallic bonding</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24513/mc-test-metallic-bonding-1.html" title="MC test: Metallic bonding">MC test: Metallic bonding</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40939/metallic-bonding-questions-1.html" title="Metallic bonding questions">Metallic bonding questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17260/further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding--1.html" title="Further aspects of covalent bonding ">Further aspects of covalent bonding </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24553/mc-test-further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding-1.html" title="MC test: Further aspects of covalent bonding">MC test: Further aspects of covalent bonding</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40940/further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding-questions-1.html" title="Further aspects of covalent bonding questions">Further aspects of covalent bonding questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17258/hybridization-1.html" title="Hybridization">Hybridization</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24555/mc-test-hybridization-1.html" title="MC test: Hybridization">MC test: Hybridization</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40941/hybridization-questions-1.html" title="Hybridization questions">Hybridization questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17669/topics-5-15--1.html" title="Topics 5 & 15 ">Topics 5 & 15 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17685/measuring-energy-changes-1.html" title="Measuring energy changes">Measuring energy changes</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24581/mc-test-measuring-energy-changes-1.html" title="MC test: Measuring energy changes">MC test: Measuring energy changes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39536/measuring-energy-changes-questions--1.html" title="Measuring energy changes questions ">Measuring energy changes questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17689/hesss-law--1.html" title="Hess's Law ">Hess's Law </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24582/mc-test-hesss-law-1.html" title="MC test: Hess's Law">MC test: Hess's Law</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39546/hesss-law-questions-1.html" title="Hess's Law questions">Hess's Law questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17774/bond-enthalpies-1.html" title="Bond enthalpies">Bond enthalpies</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24591/mc-test-bond-enthalpies-1.html" title="MC test: Bond enthalpies">MC test: Bond enthalpies</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39547/bond-enthalpy-questions--1.html" title="Bond enthalpy questions ">Bond enthalpy questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17776/energy-cycles--1.html" title="Energy cycles ">Energy cycles </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24593/mc-test-energy-cycles-1.html" title="MC test: Energy cycles">MC test: Energy cycles</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39569/energy-cycles-questions--1.html" title="Energy cycles questions ">Energy cycles questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17780/entropy-spontaneity--1.html" title="Entropy & spontaneity ">Entropy & spontaneity </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24608/mc-test-entropy-spontaneity-1.html" title="MC test: Entropy & spontaneity">MC test: Entropy & spontaneity</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39650/entropy-spontaneity-questions--1.html" title="Entropy & spontaneity questions ">Entropy & spontaneity questions </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17848/topics-6-16-1.html" title="Topics 6 & 16">Topics 6 & 16</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17850/collision-theory-rates-of-reaction-1.html" title="Collision theory & rates of reaction">Collision theory & rates of reaction</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24640/mc-test-collision-theory-rates-of-reaction-1.html" title="MC test: Collision theory & rates of reaction">MC test: Collision theory & rates of reaction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40946/collision-theory-questions-1.html" title="Collision theory questions">Collision theory questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40947/rates-of-reaction-questions-1.html" title="Rates of reaction questions">Rates of reaction questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17870/rate-expression-reaction-mechanism-1.html" title="Rate expression & reaction mechanism">Rate expression & reaction mechanism</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24645/mc-test-rate-expression-reaction-mechanisms-1.html" title="MC test: Rate expression & reaction mechanisms">MC test: Rate expression & reaction mechanisms</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40949/rate-expression-questions-1.html" title="Rate expression questions">Rate expression questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40950/reaction-mechanisms-questions-1.html" title="Reaction mechanisms questions">Reaction mechanisms questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17876/activation-energy-1.html" title="Activation energy">Activation energy</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24651/mc-test-activation-energy-1.html" title="MC test: Activation energy">MC test: Activation energy</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40954/activation-energy-questions-1.html" title="Activation energy questions">Activation energy questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18038/topics-7-17--1.html" title="Topics 7 & 17 ">Topics 7 & 17 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18040/equilibrium--1.html" title="Equilibrium ">Equilibrium </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24656/mc-test-equilibrium-1.html" title="MC test: Equilibrium">MC test: Equilibrium</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40959/equilibrium-questions-1.html" title="Equilibrium questions">Equilibrium questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18091/equilibrium-law--1.html" title="Equilibrium law ">Equilibrium law </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24660/mc-test-the-equilibrium-law-1.html" title="MC test: The equilibrium law">MC test: The equilibrium law</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40961/equilibrium-law-questions-1.html" title="Equilibrium law questions">Equilibrium law questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18120/topics-8-18--1.html" title="Topics 8 & 18 ">Topics 8 & 18 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18124/theories-of-acids-bases--1.html" title="Theories of acids & bases ">Theories of acids & bases </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24662/mc-test-theories-of-acids-bases-1.html" title="MC test: Theories of acids & bases">MC test: Theories of acids & bases</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40963/theories-of-acids-bases-questions-1.html" title="Theories of acids & bases questions">Theories of acids & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18126/properties-of-acids-bases-1.html" title="Properties of acids & bases">Properties of acids & bases</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24663/mc-test-properties-of-acids-bases--1.html" title="MC test: Properties of acids & bases ">MC test: Properties of acids & bases </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40964/properties-of-acids-bases-questions-1.html" title="Properties of acids & bases questions">Properties of acids & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18140/ph-scale-1.html" title="pH scale">pH scale</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24668/mc-test-the-ph-scale-1.html" title="MC test: The pH scale">MC test: The pH scale</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40971/ph-scale-questions-1.html" title="pH scale questions">pH scale questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18152/strong-weak-acids-bases-1.html" title="Strong & weak acids & bases">Strong & weak acids & bases</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24670/mc-test-strong-weak-acids-bases-1.html" title="MC test: Strong & weak acids & bases">MC test: Strong & weak acids & bases</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40972/strong-weak-acid-bases-questions-1.html" title="Strong & weak acid & bases questions">Strong & weak acid & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18156/acid-deposition-1.html" title="Acid deposition">Acid deposition</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24674/mc-test-acid-deposition-1.html" title="MC test: Acid deposition">MC test: Acid deposition</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40983/acid-deposition-questions-1.html" title="Acid deposition questions">Acid deposition questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18160/lewis-acids-bases-1.html" title="Lewis acids & bases">Lewis acids & bases</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24710/mc-test-lewis-acids-bases-1.html" title="MC test: Lewis acids & bases">MC test: Lewis acids & bases</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40986/lewis-acids-bases-questions-1.html" title="Lewis acids & bases questions">Lewis acids & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18250/acid-base-calculations-1.html" title="Acid base calculations">Acid base calculations</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24714/mc-test-calculations-involving-acids-bases--1.html" title="MC test: Calculations involving acids & bases ">MC test: Calculations involving acids & bases </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40988/acid-base-calculations-questions--1.html" title="Acid-base calculations questions ">Acid-base calculations questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26161/ph-titration-curves-1.html" title="pH titration curves">pH titration curves</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26158/mc-test-ph-curves-1.html" title="MC test: pH curves">MC test: pH curves</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41000/ph-curves-questions--1.html" title="pH curves questions ">pH curves questions </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18350/topics-9-19-1.html" title="Topics 9 & 19">Topics 9 & 19</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18365/oxidation-reduction-1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction">Oxidation & reduction</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24725/mc-test-oxidation-reduction-1.html" title="MC test: Oxidation & reduction">MC test: Oxidation & reduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41033/oxidation-reduction-questions-1--1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction questions (1) ">Oxidation & reduction questions (1) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41034/oxidation-reduction-questions-2-1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction questions (2)">Oxidation & reduction questions (2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41035/oxidation-reduction-questions-3-1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction questions (3)">Oxidation & reduction questions (3)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18383/electrochemical-cells-1.html" title="Electrochemical cells">Electrochemical cells</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24740/mc-test-electrochemical-cells-1.html" title="MC test: Electrochemical cells">MC test: Electrochemical cells</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41072/electrochemical-cells-questions--1.html" title="Electrochemical cells questions ">Electrochemical cells questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18401/electrochemical-cells-ahl--1.html" title="Electrochemical cells (AHL) ">Electrochemical cells (AHL) </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24742/mc-test-electrochemical-cells-ahl-1.html" title="MC test: Electrochemical cells (AHL)">MC test: Electrochemical cells (AHL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41098/electrochemical-cells-1-ahl-questions-1.html" title="Electrochemical cells (1) (AHL) questions">Electrochemical cells (1) (AHL) questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41099/electrochemical-cells-2-ahl-questions-1.html" title="Electrochemical cells (2) (AHL) questions">Electrochemical cells (2) (AHL) questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18475/topics-10-20--1.html" title="Topics 10 & 20 ">Topics 10 & 20 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18497/fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry--1.html" title="Fundamentals of organic chemistry ">Fundamentals of organic chemistry </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24749/mc-test-fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry-1.html" title="MC test: Fundamentals of organic chemistry">MC test: Fundamentals of organic chemistry</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41111/fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry-1-questions-1.html" title="Fundamentals of organic chemistry (1) questions">Fundamentals of organic chemistry (1) questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41112/fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry-2-questions-1.html" title="Fundamentals of organic chemistry (2) questions">Fundamentals of organic chemistry (2) questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18597/alkanes-alkenes-addition-polymers-1.html" title="Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers">Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24750/mc-test-alkanes-alkenes-addition-polymers-1.html" title="MC test: Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers">MC test: Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41121/alkanes-questions-1.html" title="Alkanes questions">Alkanes questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41124/alkenes-questions-1.html" title="Alkenes questions">Alkenes questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18741/alcohols--1.html" title="Alcohols ">Alcohols </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24772/mc-test-alcohols-1.html" title="MC test: Alcohols">MC test: Alcohols</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41125/alcohols-questions-1.html" title="Alcohols questions">Alcohols questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18742/halogenoalkanes-benzene--1.html" title="Halogenoalkanes & benzene ">Halogenoalkanes & benzene </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24797/mc-test-halogenoalkanes-benzene-1.html" title="MC test: Halogenoalkanes & benzene">MC test: Halogenoalkanes & benzene</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41130/halogenoalkanes-benzene-questions-1.html" title="Halogenoalkanes & benzene questions">Halogenoalkanes & benzene questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18762/nucleophilic-substitution--1.html" title="Nucleophilic substitution ">Nucleophilic substitution </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24757/mc-test-nucleophilic-substitution-1.html" title="MC test: Nucleophilic substitution">MC test: Nucleophilic substitution</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41138/nucleophilic-substitution-questions-1.html" title="Nucleophilic substitution questions">Nucleophilic substitution questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18766/electrophilic-addition--1.html" title="Electrophilic addition ">Electrophilic addition </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24805/mc-test-electrophilic-addition-electrophilic-substitution-reacti-2.html" title="MC test: Electrophilic addition & electrophilic substitution reactions">MC test: Electrophilic addition & electrophilic substitution reactions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41148/electrophilic-addition-questions-1.html" title="Electrophilic addition questions">Electrophilic addition questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18780/electrophilic-substitution--2.html" title="Electrophilic substitution ">Electrophilic substitution </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41149/electrophilic-substitution-questions-1.html" title="Electrophilic substitution questions">Electrophilic substitution questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18793/reduction-reactions--1.html" title="Reduction reactions ">Reduction reactions </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24811/mc-test-reduction-reactions-1.html" title="MC test: Reduction reactions">MC test: Reduction reactions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41150/reduction-reactions-questions-1.html" title="Reduction reactions questions">Reduction reactions questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18797/synthetic-routes--1.html" title="Synthetic routes ">Synthetic routes </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24822/mc-test-synthetic-routes-1.html" title="MC test: Synthetic routes">MC test: Synthetic routes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41152/synthetic-routes-questions--1.html" title="Synthetic routes questions ">Synthetic routes questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18844/stereoisomerism--1.html" title="Stereoisomerism ">Stereoisomerism </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24817/mc-test-stereoisomerism-1.html" title="MC test: Stereoisomerism">MC test: Stereoisomerism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41166/stereoisomerism-questions-1.html" title="Stereoisomerism questions">Stereoisomerism questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17285/topics-11-21--1.html" title="Topics 11 & 21 ">Topics 11 & 21 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17276/uncertainty-errors--1.html" title="Uncertainty & errors ">Uncertainty & errors </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24818/mc-test-uncertainties-errors-1.html" title="MC test: Uncertainties & errors">MC test: Uncertainties & errors</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../38869/uncertainty-error-questions--1.html" title="Uncertainty & error questions ">Uncertainty & error questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../15014/graphical-techniques-1.html" title="Graphical techniques">Graphical techniques</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24819/mc-test-graphical-techniques-1.html" title="MC test: Graphical techniques">MC test: Graphical techniques</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39387/graphical-techniques-questions--1.html" title="Graphical techniques questions ">Graphical techniques questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18968/spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds-1.html" title="Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds">Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24820/mc-test-spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds--1.html" title="MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds ">MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39388/index-of-hydrogen-deficiency-questions-1.html" title="Index of hydrogen deficiency questions">Index of hydrogen deficiency questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39351/identification-from-spectra-question-1-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 1">Identification from spectra - Question 1</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39353/identification-from-spectra-question-2-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 2">Identification from spectra - Question 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39354/identification-from-spectra-question-3-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 3">Identification from spectra - Question 3</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39355/identification-from-spectra-question-4-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 4">Identification from spectra - Question 4</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39356/identification-from-spectra-question-5-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 5">Identification from spectra - Question 5</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39357/identification-from-spectra-question-6-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 6">Identification from spectra - Question 6</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39358/identification-from-spectra-question-7-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 7">Identification from spectra - Question 7</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39359/identification-from-spectra-question-8-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 8">Identification from spectra - Question 8</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39360/identification-from-spectra-question-9-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 9">Identification from spectra - Question 9</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39361/identification-from-spectra-question-10-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 10">Identification from spectra - Question 10</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19027/spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds-ahl--1.html" title="Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL) ">Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL) </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24821/mc-test-spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds-ahl-1.html" title="MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL)">MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39375/identification-from-spectra-question-11-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 11">Identification from spectra - Question 11</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39376/identification-from-spectra-question-12-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 12">Identification from spectra - Question 12</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39377/identification-from-spectra-question-13-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 13">Identification from spectra - Question 13</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39378/identification-from-spectra-question-14-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 14">Identification from spectra - Question 14</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39379/identification-from-spectra-question-15-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 15">Identification from spectra - Question 15</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39380/identification-from-spectra-question-16-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 16">Identification from spectra - Question 16</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39381/identification-from-spectra-question-17-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 17">Identification from spectra - Question 17</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39382/identification-from-spectra-question-18-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 18">Identification from spectra - Question 18</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39383/identification-from-spectra-question-19-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 19">Identification from spectra - Question 19</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39385/identification-from-spectra-question-20-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 20">Identification from spectra - Question 20</a></li></ul></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16441/the-nature-of-science-1.html" title="The Nature of Science">The Nature of Science</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16450/key-terms-concepts-1.html" title="Key terms & concepts">Key terms & concepts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../34566/nos-critical-thinking-1.html" title="NOS & Critical Thinking">NOS & Critical Thinking</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../32100/how-the-elements-were-named-1.html" title="How the elements were named">How the elements were named</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../36753/the-culture-of-chemistry-1.html" title="The Culture of Chemistry">The Culture of Chemistry</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a 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</div><section id="main-content"><h1><strong><img alt="Standard Level" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/standard-1.png" title="Standard Level"> Energetics / thermochemistry</strong></h1><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>For each question choose the answer you consider to be the best.</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>1.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which is an exothermic process?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>K(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→ K(g)</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>O(l)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>H<sup>+</sup>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OH<sup>–</sup>(aq)</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> + e<sup>–</sup> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sup>–</sup>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Mg(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Mg<sup>+</sup>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>e<sup>–</sup></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>2.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>When some solid ammonium nitrate was dissolved in water the temperature decreased<br>from 22 <sup>o</sup>C to 3 <sup>o</sup>C. What can be deduced from this observation?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The dissolving is endothermic and ∆<em>H</em> is positive.</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The dissolving is endothermic and ∆<em>H</em> is negative.</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The dissolving is exothermic and ∆<em>H</em> is positive.</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The dissolving is exothermic and ∆<em>H</em> is negative.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>3.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which is a correct statement about an endothermic reaction?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The bonds in the reactants are stronger than in the products and ∆<em>H</em> is positive.</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The bonds in the products are stronger than in the reactants and ∆<em>H</em> is positive.</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The bonds in the reactants are stronger than in the products and ∆<em>H</em> is negative</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The bonds in the products are stronger than in the reactants and ∆<em>H</em> is negative.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>4.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> Which of the following conditions commonly apply to the standard enthalpy change for a reaction, ∆<em>H</em>?</p><p><strong>I.</strong> A pressure of 100 kPa</p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>II.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A temperature of 298 K</p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>III.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>One mol of all reactants and all products</p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I</strong> and <strong>II</strong> only</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><strong>I</strong> and<strong> III </strong>only</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><strong>II</strong> and <strong>III </strong>only</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><strong>I</strong>, <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>5.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which is a correct statement about the following enthalpy level diagram for a reaction?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p style="text-align: center"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Multiple choice scans/enthalpy diagram.jpg" style="height:230px; width:254px"></p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The reaction is exothermic and ∆<em>H</em> is positive.</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The reaction is exothermic and ∆<em>H</em> is negative.</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The reaction is endothermic and ∆<em>H</em> is positive.</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The reaction is endothermic and ∆<em>H</em> is negative.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>6.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which statements are correct for all exothermic reactions? <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>I.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>The products are more stable than the reactants</p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>II.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>The bonds in the products are stronger than the bonds in the reactants</p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>III.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The enthalpy of the products is less than the enthalpy of the reactants</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; color: rgb(0,0,0); padding-top: 0px">A.<span> </span><strong><span> </span>I</strong> and <strong>II</strong> only</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; color: rgb(0,0,0); padding-top: 0px"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">B.<span> </span><strong>I</strong> and<strong> III </strong>only</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; color: rgb(0,0,0); padding-top: 0px"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">C.<span> </span><strong>II</strong> and <strong>III </strong>only</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; color: rgb(0,0,0); padding-top: 0px"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">D.<span> </span><strong>I</strong>, <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>7.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>For which of the following is the sign of the enthalpy change different to the other three?</p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2Br(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br<sup>+</sup>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>e<sup>–</sup><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br(g) + e<sup>–</sup><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br<sup>–</sup>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br(l)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br(g)</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>8.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which is a correct statement concerning the reaction shown?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">N<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3H<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2NH<sub>3</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>∆<em>H</em><span><img alt="Standard Sign" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/underground.png" title="Standard Sign"></span> = – 92 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>92 kJ of energy are absorbed for every mol of ammonia formed.</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>92 kJ of energy are released for every mol of ammonia formed.</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>46 kJ of energy are absorbed for every mol of ammonia formed.</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>46 kJ of energy are released for every mol of ammonia formed.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>9.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>The heat capacity of manganese is 0.480 kJ kg<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>. How much energy is required to raise<br>the temperature of 3.00 kg of manganese by 20.0 K? <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>28.8 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3.20 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0.0720 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>288 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>10.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The specific heat capacities (in kJ kg<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>) of four elements are:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px;">carbon (graphite)<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>0.709</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px;">copper <span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>0.385</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px;">gold<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>0.129</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px;">iron<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>0.449</p><p class="MsoNormal">Which element will show the greatest increase in temperature if 2 kJ of heat is supplied to 0.100 kg samples of each element at the same initial temperature?</p><p class="MsoNormal">A. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>carbon (graphite)</p><p class="MsoNormal">B. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>copper</p><p class="MsoNormal">C. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>gold</p><p class="MsoNormal">D. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>iron</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>11.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>When 25 cm<sup>3</sup> of 1.0 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> HCl was added to 25 cm<sup>3</sup> of 1.0 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> KOH the temperature<br>increased by 7 <sup>o</sup>C.<br>Which combination of HCl and KOH will also give a temperature rise of 7 <sup>o</sup>C?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>50 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.25 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> HCl and 50 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.25 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> KOH.</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>50 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0. 50 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> HCl and 50 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.50 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> KOH.</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>50 cm<sup>3</sup> of 1.0 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> HCl and 50 cm<sup>3</sup> of 1.0 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> KOH.</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>50 cm<sup>3</sup> of 2.0 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> HCl and 50 cm<sup>3</sup> of 2.0 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> KOH.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>12.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The heat produced when 0.010 mol of propanone was combusted raised the<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>temperature<br>of 250 g of water by 14 <sup>o</sup>C.<br>The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>.<br>Which is the correct expression for value of the enthalpy of combustion of propanone (in J mol<sup>-1</sup>)?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> − <img alt="fraction numerator 250 space x space 4.2 space x space 287 over denominator 0.010 end fraction" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mfrac»«mrow»«mn»250«/mn»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mi»x«/mi»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mn»4«/mn»«mo».«/mo»«mn»2«/mn»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mi»x«/mi»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mn»287«/mn»«/mrow»«mrow»«mn»0«/mn»«mo».«/mo»«mn»010«/mn»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-70.php?formula=c79435293ca064bce616d25237a46215.png"></span><br>B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> − </span><u><img alt="fraction numerator 250 space x space 4.2 space x space 14 over denominator 0.010 end fraction" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mfrac»«mrow»«mn»250«/mn»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mi»x«/mi»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mn»4«/mn»«mo».«/mo»«mn»2«/mn»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mi»x«/mi»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mn»14«/mn»«/mrow»«mrow»«mn»0«/mn»«mo».«/mo»«mn»010«/mn»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«/math»" src="http://www.e.thinkib.net/ckeditor//plugins/wiris/integration/showimage.php?formula=ac80dcd656997ebd591196abc8226f22.png"></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">C. − <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><img alt="fraction numerator 0.010 space x space 4.2 space x space 287 over denominator 250 end fraction" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mfrac»«mrow»«mn»0«/mn»«mo».«/mo»«mn»010«/mn»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mi»x«/mi»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mn»4«/mn»«mo».«/mo»«mn»2«/mn»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mi»x«/mi»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«mn»287«/mn»«/mrow»«mn»250«/mn»«/mfrac»«/math»" height="46" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-71.php?formula=b4b889d38f6ba2be15f93deb30fd5df0.png" width="150"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> − (</span>250 x 4.2 x 14 x 0.010)</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>13.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>How much energy is released when 14.0 g of carbon monoxide are completely<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>combusted?</p><p class="MsoNormal">2CO(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>O<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2CO<sub>2</sub>(g) <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>∆<em>H</em> = – 560 kJ <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1120 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>560 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>280 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>140 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>14.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>When one mol of magnesium and one mol of hydrogen are combusted the enthalpy changes are - 602 kJ<br>and - 242 kJ respectively.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Mg(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>½ O<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>MgO(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>∆<em>H</em> = – 602 kJ<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><br>H<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>½ O<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>O(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>∆<em>H</em> = – 242 kJ<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">What is the enthalpy change for the reduction of one mol of magnesium oxide by hydrogen?<br><br>MgO(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Mg(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>O(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+ 844 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+ 360 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>– 360 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>– 844 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>15.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The enthalpy change for the dimerisation of two mol of nitrogen dioxide to form one<br>mol of dinitrogen tetroxide<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>is – 57 kJ.</p><p class="MsoNormal">2NO<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>∆<em>H</em><span><img alt="Standard Sign" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/underground.png" title="Standard Sign"></span> = – 57 kJ <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">The enthalpy change for the formation of one mol of NO<sub>2</sub>(g) from its elements is + 33 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">½ N<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>O<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>NO<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>∆<em>H</em><span><img alt="Standard Sign" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/underground.png" title="Standard Sign"></span> = +33 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">What is the enthalpy change for the formation of one mol of dinitrogen tetroxide from<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>its elements?</p><p class="MsoNormal">N<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2O<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g)</p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+ 9 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>– 9 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+ 24 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>– 24 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>16.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The enthalpy changes for the formation of one mol of each of the two oxides of<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>phosphorus<br>from their elements are given below:</p><p class="MsoNormal">P<sub>4</sub>(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3O<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub>(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>∆<em>H</em><span><img alt="Standard Sign" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/underground.png" title="Standard Sign"></span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>= – 1600 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">P<sub>4</sub>(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>5O<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>∆<em>H</em><span><img alt="Standard Sign" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/underground.png" title="Standard Sign"></span> = – 3000 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">What is the enthalpy change for the oxidation of one mol of P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub> to form P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub>(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2O<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>– 4600 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+ 4600 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+ 1400 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>– 1400 kJ</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>17.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Consider the following three bond enthalpies (in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">H—H<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>436<br>Cl—Cl<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>243<br>H—Cl<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>432</p><p class="MsoNormal">What is the enthalpy change (in kJ) for the reaction below?</p><p class="MsoNormal">2HCl(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)</p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+ 185</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+ 237</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>– 185</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>– 237</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>18.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which of the following enthalpy changes can be calculated using <strong>only</strong> bond enthalpies<br>and average bond enthalpies?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>I.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(g)</p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>II.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>16</sub>(l)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub>(l)</p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>III.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>CH<sub>4</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4F<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>CF<sub>4</sub>(g) + 4HF(g)</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; color: rgb(0,0,0); padding-top: 0px">A.<span> </span><strong><span> </span>I</strong> and <strong>II</strong> only</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; color: rgb(0,0,0); padding-top: 0px"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">B.<span> </span><strong>I</strong> and<strong> III </strong>only</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; color: rgb(0,0,0); padding-top: 0px"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">C.<span> </span><strong>II</strong> and <strong>III </strong>only</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span> </span><strong>I</strong>, <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>19.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The bond enthalpies for N<span>≡</span>N and H—H are 945 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> and 436 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> respectively.</p><p class="MsoNormal">When nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia the enthalpy change is – 92 kJ.</p><p class="MsoNormal">N<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3H<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2NH<sub>3</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>∆<em>H</em><span><img alt="Standard Sign" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/underground.png" title="Standard Sign"></span> = – 92 kJ<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">What is the average bond enthalpy (in kJ) for the N—H bond?</p><p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>212</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>424</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>391</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>782</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>20.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ethane can react with chlorine in ultraviolet light to form chloroethane:</p><p class="MsoNormal">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>HCl(g)</p><p class="MsoNormal">The relevant bond enthalpies are</p><p class="MsoNormal"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014-Multiple-Choice/bond-enthalpy-table.png" style="width: 210px; height: 158px;"></p><p><span style="mso-tab-count:1">What is the enthalpy change, ∆<em>H</em><em><img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/underground.png"></em>, for this reaction (in kJ)?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p><p>A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span> </span>– 99</p><p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+ 99</p><p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+ 341</p><p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span> </span>– 315</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h2><img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/standard-1.png"> Answers</h2><div class="blueBg"><section class="tib-hiddenbox"><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><strong>1</strong>. C,<span> </span><strong><span> </span>2.</strong> A,<span> </span><strong>3.</strong> A,<span> </span><strong>4.</strong> A,<span> </span><strong><span> </span>5.</strong> B,<span> </span><strong><span> </span>6.</strong> D,<span> </span><strong><span> </span>7.</strong> C,<span> </span><strong>8. </strong>D,<span> </span><strong><span> </span>9. </strong>A,<span> </span><strong>10.</strong> C,</span></p><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px"><strong>11. </strong>C,<span> </span><strong>12.</strong> B,<span> </span><strong>13.</strong> D,<span> </span><strong>14.</strong> B,<span> </span><strong>15.</strong> A,<span> </span><strong><span> </span>16.</strong> D,<span> </span><strong>17.</strong> A,<span> </span><strong><span> </span>18.</strong> B,<span> </span><strong>19.</strong> C,<span> </span><strong>20.</strong> A.</span></p></section></div><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">Download the </span>Energetics/thermochemistry<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> <a href="/media/ib/chemistry/files/2014%20Multiple%20choice/sl-topic-5-energetics---thermochemistry.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/standard-1.png"> Topic 5 MC test <img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/choice-1.png"> </a> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">Download the answer grid with the correct answers to cut out for <a href="/media/ib/chemistry/files/2014%20Multiple%20choice/Answers/SL%20Topic%205%20Energetics%20%26%20thermochemistry.pdf">Topic 5 MC Answers <img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/teacher-notes.png"> </a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p></section></article><section id="media-extras"><div class="page-actions no-print navbar inline hidden-desktop"><div class="navbar-inner"><ul class="nav"><li><a class="presentation" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-desktop"></i></a></li><li><a class="print-section-blog" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-print"></i></a></li><li><a class="page-bookmarker" data-ticket="IB Docs (2) Team" data-pid="16887" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star"></i></a></li><li><a class="personal-notes" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-file-text"></i></a></li><li><a class="" data-toggle="modal" href="#modal-feedback" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></a></li><li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#" href="#"><i class="fa fa-share-alt"></i></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li><a class="" target="_blank" title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?text=%225.+Energetics+%26+thermochemistry%22+-+via+%40InThinker+%23chemistry%0A&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F16887%2F5-energetics-thermochemistry"><i class="fa fa-twitter-square"></i><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li><a class="" target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F16887%2F5-energetics-thermochemistry&t=5.+Energetics+&+thermochemistry"><i class="fa fa-facebook-square"></i><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F16887%2F5-energetics-thermochemistry"><i class="fa fa-linkedin-square"></i><span>LinkedIn</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F16887%2F5-energetics-thermochemistry"><i class="fa fa-google-plus-square"></i><span>Google +</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="mailto:?subject=5. 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