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science </a></li><li><a href="../19519/metals-and-icp-spectroscopy-1.html">Metals and ICP spectroscopy</a></li><li><a href="../19541/catalysts--1.html">Catalysts </a></li><li><a href="../19580/liquid-crystals-1.html">Liquid crystals</a></li><li><a href="../19665/polymers--1.html">Polymers </a></li><li><a href="../19672/nanotechnology-1.html">Nanotechnology</a></li><li><a href="../19843/environmental-impact-plastics-1.html">Environmental impact - plastics</a></li><li><a href="../19858/superconducting-metals-x-ray-crystallography--1.html">Superconducting metals & X-ray crystallography </a></li><li><a href="../19666/condensation-polymers-1.html">Condensation polymers</a></li><li><a href="../19916/environmental-impact-heavy-metals-1.html">Environmental impact - heavy metals</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19284/option-b--1.html" class="father">Option B </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19290/introduction-to-biochemistry--1.html">Introduction to biochemistry </a></li><li><a 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nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li><a href="../19429/solar-energy-1.html">Solar energy</a></li><li><a href="../19437/environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html">Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><li><a href="../19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li><a href="../19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl--1.html">Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) </a></li><li><a href="../19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-1.html">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19078/option-d-1.html" class="father">Option D</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19079/pharmaceutical-products-drug-action--1.html">Pharmaceutical products & drug action </a></li><li><a href="../19158/aspirin-penicillin--1.html">Aspirin & penicillin </a></li><li><a href="../19174/opiates-1.html">Opiates</a></li><li><a href="../19184/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-1.html">pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li><a href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html">Antiviral medications </a></li><li><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html">Nuclear medicine </a></li><li><a href="../19273/drug-detection-analysis--1.html">Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="selected"><a href="../16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia--1.html">Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16682/internal-assessment-1.html" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18892/scaffolding-the-investigation-1.html">'Scaffolding' the investigation</a></li><li><a href="../18896/timing-organisation--1.html">Timing & organisation </a></li><li><a href="../18905/choosing-the-research-question-1.html">Choosing the research question</a></li><li><a href="../18946/personal-engagement-1.html">Personal engagement</a></li><li><a href="../18950/exploration-1.html">Exploration</a></li><li><a href="../18957/analysis-1.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="../18965/evaluation-1.html">Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="../18966/communication-1.html">Communication</a></li><li><a href="../19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia-1.html">Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li><a href="../19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation-2.html">Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li><a href="../33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data-1.html">Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li><a href="../37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia--1.html">Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li><a href="../19506/ia-example-marking-exercise--1.html">IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li><a href="../23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports-1.html">Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li><a href="../25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports--1.html">Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li><a href="../37542/history-of-internal-assessment-1.html">History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html">Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li><a href="../16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas-1.html">Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li><a href="../16615/acid-base-titrations--1.html">Acid-base titrations </a></li><li><a href="../16616/a-green-acid-base-practical-1.html">A green acid-base practical</a></li><li><a href="../16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets-1.html">Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li><a href="../16618/caco3-in-egg-shells-1.html">CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li><a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html">Enthalpy changes</a></li><li><a href="../16631/reaction-rates-1.html">Reaction rates</a></li><li><a href="../16635/rate-dependent-factors-1.html">Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li><a href="../16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li><a href="../16637/iodination-of-propanone-1.html">Iodination of propanone</a></li><li><a href="../18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter-1.html">Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li><a href="../18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4--1.html">Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li><a href="../16640/voltaic-cells-1.html">Voltaic cells</a></li><li><a href="../16659/3-d-molecular-modelling--1.html">3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17168/other-good-practicals-1.html" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../17196/common-chemical-reactions-1.html">Common chemical reactions</a></li><li><a href="../227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period--1.html">Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li><a href="../17239/the-halogens-1.html">The halogens</a></li><li><a href="../17162/boiling-points-of-mixtures-1.html">Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li><a href="../17170/polarity-of-molecules-1.html">Polarity of molecules</a></li><li><a href="../18083/le-chateliers-principle--1.html">Le Chatelier's principle </a></li><li><a href="../19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li><a href="../18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium--1.html">Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li><a href="../18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools--1.html">Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li><a href="../18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution--1.html">Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html">Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li><a href="../19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure-1.html">Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li><a href="../19887/preparation-of-nylon-66-1.html">Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li><a href="../19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content--1.html">Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li><a href="../19342/hydrolysis-of-starch--1.html">Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li><a href="../19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin--1.html">Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../18851/ict-in-practical-work-1.html" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18852/data-logging--1.html">Data logging </a></li><li><a href="../18853/software-for-graph-plotting--1.html">Software for graph plotting </a></li><li><a href="../18854/spreadsheets-for-data-processing--1.html">Spreadsheets for data processing </a></li><li><a href="../18855/databases-1.html">Databases</a></li><li><a href="../18856/computer-modelling-simulations--1.html">Computer modelling & simulations </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16594/group-4-project-1.html" class="father">Group 4 Project</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16595/practicalities-1.html">Practicalities</a></li><li><a href="../16596/reflective-statement--2.html">Reflective statement </a></li></ul></li><li class="selected"><a href="a-new-laboratory-1.html">A new laboratory?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16284/exams-1.html">Exams</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16286/essential-facts-1.html" class="father">Essential Facts</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16287/objectives-command-terms-1.html">Objectives & command terms</a></li><li><a href="../16288/grade-descriptors-1.html">Grade descriptors</a></li><li><a href="../16289/grade-boundaries-1.html">Grade boundaries</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16302/paper-1-multiple-choice-1.html" class="father">Paper 1 (Multiple Choice)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16303/advice-to-students-paper-1-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 1)</a></li><li><a href="../31515/practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16305/paper-2-1.html" class="father">Paper 2</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16306/advice-to-students-paper-2-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 2)</a></li><li><a href="../16307/areas-of-difficulty-1.html">Areas of difficulty</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16313/paper-3--1.html" class="father">Paper 3 </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16314/advice-to-students-paper-3-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 3)</a></li><li><a href="../16342/data-response-questions-1.html">Data response questions</a></li><li><a href="../20054/experimental-work-questions-1.html">Experimental work questions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16324/the-examination-process-1.html" class="father">The examination process</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16316/setting-the-exam-papers-1.html">Setting the exam papers</a></li><li><a href="../16317/predicted-grades-1.html">Predicted grades</a></li><li><a href="../16318/marking-the-papers-1.html">Marking the papers</a></li><li><a href="../16319/commenting-on-the-exams-1.html">Commenting on the exams</a></li><li><a href="../16320/grade-awarding-1.html">Grade Awarding</a></li><li><a href="../16321/enquiry-upon-results-1.html">Enquiry upon results</a></li><li><a href="../16322/chief-examiners-report-1.html">Chief Examiner's report</a></li><li><a href="../16323/retaking-the-exam-1.html">Retaking the exam</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16325/faqs-1.html">FAQs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../3147/ib-core-1.html">IB Core</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../3149/learner-profile-1.html">Learner Profile</a></li><li><a href="../21735/extended-essays--1.html" class="father">Extended Essays </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../21736/overview--1.html">Overview </a></li><li><a href="../21780/responsibilities-1.html">Responsibilities</a></li><li><a href="../21790/resources-1.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="../21800/research-1.html">Research</a></li><li><a href="../21804/writing-the-essay-1.html">Writing the essay</a></li><li><a href="../21810/assessment-1.html">Assessment</a></li><li><a href="../22434/summary-of-advice--1.html">Summary of advice </a></li><li><a href="../25272/faqs--1.html">FAQs </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../307/theory-of-knowledge-tok-1.html" class="father">Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../41171/the-12-tok-concepts-1.html">The 12 TOK concepts</a></li><li><a href="../3507/why-tok-chemistry-1.html">Why TOK & Chemistry?</a></li><li><a href="../3505/a-modern-paradigm-1.html">A modern paradigm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17783/fast-track-to-tests-questions-1.html">Fast track to tests & questions</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../17784/sl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24351/sl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31519/sl-practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">SL Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li><li><a href="../17786/sl-questions-on-each-sub-topic-1.html">SL Questions on each sub-topic</a></li><li><a href="../20431/sl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">SL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17792/sl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">SL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a href="../24897/sl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics--1.html">SL Quizzes on option sub-topics </a></li><li><a href="../17785/hl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24352/hl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31520/hl-practice-paper-1-exams--1.html">HL Practice Paper 1 exams </a></li><li><a href="../17787/hl-questions-on-each-sub-topic--1.html">HL Questions on each sub-topic </a></li><li><a href="../20428/hl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">HL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17793/hl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">HL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a href="../24973/hl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics-1.html">HL Quizzes on option sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../41573/printable-versions-of-written-tasks--1.html">Printable versions of written tasks </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../41465/complete-course-for-students--2.html">Complete course for students </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a 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class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html" title="Percentage of copper in brass">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html" title="Electrolytic cells ">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html" title="Reactions of organic compounds">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html" title="Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html" title="Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene ">Preparation of 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</div><section id="main-content"><div class="blueBg"><h1>Building or refurbishing a new laboratory</h1><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" height="300" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Practicals/Building a new laboratory(2).jpg" title="If only we could all have laboratories like this new one I took a photo of as it was being built in Kazakhstan" width="400"></p><hr class="hidden"><p>If you are working in a brand new school or one which is being refurbished you may be involved with or consulted over the design and installation of a new chemistry laboratory. Different countries will have their own legal requirements and different schools will be working to different budgets. Among things to consider are:</p><ul class="branded"><li>the maximum number of students to cater for</li><li>the supply and positioning of services such as water, electricity and gas</li><li>heights and sizes of workbenches</li><li>adequate lighting</li><li>fume cupboards and general ventilation</li><li>storage of chemicals</li><li>preparation areas</li><li>office space for teaching staff and the technician(s)</li></ul><p>You will need to search for suppliers in your own country. For example, in the U.K. two good companies that will design and supply to your specifications are <a href="https://www.schoolfurniture.co.uk/">Interfocus</a> and <a href="https://www.tecomak.com/services/schools-colleges/">Tecomak</a>.</p><hr class="hidden"></div><hr class="hidden"><div class="greenBg"><h1>Equipping a new laboratory</h1><p>As a teacher you may not have much involvement in the design and installation of a new laboratory but you should definitely insist that you are at least consulted as to what goes in it. Although there are the <a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" title="Practical scheme of work & IA » Mandatory laboratory components">mandatory laboratory components</a> there are no compulsory experiments that must be done for the IB either at SL or at HL. This means that different schools may have very different equipment. Nevertheless there is some basic equipment that all schools should have and also some essential chemicals. Below is a list that I have made for a typical IB school. As you will see this contains an introduction with further information (including using or adapting materials from supermarkets at no cost!) as well as apparatus and chemicals.</p><hr class="hidden"></div><hr class="hidden"><div class="box"><h1>Suggested equipment for an IB HL Chemistry course</h1><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The new Chemistry programme examined for the first time in May 2016 does not include any mandatory chemical techniques that must be covered practically except possibly titration which is listed under Topics 1 and 8 although even this could be covered using a simulation. However it does include some specific ICT techniques and all students must use a data logger at least once during the two year programme. Candidates should spend approximately 60 hours on laboratory work and this should form a broad and balanced programme but the actual choice of which specific experiments are included is left to the individual teacher. Because students will all carry out their own Individual Scientific Investigation for ten hours a variety of different equipment and chemicals is advisable although many students may opt to obtain their data from secondary sources for this. It is therefore impossible to devise a prescribed list of equipment and materials applicable to all schools as each school will have its own individual requirements. Furthermore the choice of options will considerably influence the final choice of experimental investigations. However from my experience of running workshops worldwide for IB chemistry teachers I find that I am often asked to provide such a list. The following is an attempt to satisfy this demand but it must be stressed that in no way is it mandatory and that for many schools financial restrictions and availability will inevitably play a large part in determining what equipment and materials can be obtained. Similarly different countries have different Health and Safety regulations and what may be legal in one country may be illegal in another.</p><p>For the purpose of the following list I have made several assumptions. I have assumed that for the most part students will be working in a purpose-built laboratory with sufficient space for them to work adequately in pairs with each pair having access to a sink with running cold water, a mains electricity supply and a supply of natural or bottled gas. I have assumed a class size of between 12 and 16 students and listed the equipment either as that to be shared by the whole class or the equipment necessary for each pair.</p><p>It should be stressed that the nature of practical work in Chemistry has changed radically in the past few years. There is now a strong emphasis both on risk assessment for safety and concern for minimising any harm to the environment. For both of these reasons microscale or small scale experiments are to be strongly encouraged. With the advent of electronic balances capable of weighing to ± 0.001 g this does not mean that accuracy has to be sacrificed. Indeed for many experiments gravimetric rather than volumetric analysis now gives more accurate results and uses considerably less chemicals and reduces the need for large quantities of distilled or de-ionized water. For this reason where volumetric analysis is used I have recommended 10 cm<sup>3</sup> pipettes and 100 cm<sup>3</sup> volumetric flasks in place of the more traditional 25 cm<sup>3</sup> pipettes and 250 cm<sup>3</sup> volumetric flasks. Many good experiments can now be performed using very cheap ‘supermarket’ materials and this has the added advantage that students are able to adapt the materials to design an investigation and overcome problems at virtually no cost. Examples include the use of polycarbonate cola bottles fitted with a car tyre valve for gas law experiments, <a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html" title="Practical scheme of work & IA » Mandatory laboratory components » Enthalpy changes">polystyrene cups for use as calorimeters for determining enthalpy changes</a>, <a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html" title="Practical scheme of work & IA » Mandatory laboratory components » Formula of magnesium oxide ">beer bottle tops as a crucible for determining the formula of magnesium oxide </a>and zipped bags as mini fume cupboards for toxic gas reactions. Dropping pipettes, very small test-tubes and well plates all play an important role in reducing the amount of chemicals used. From my own experience I have found that students are often more observant, not less observant, when they carry out reactions on a small scale. Finally students should be encouraged to widen their concept of what is meant by a ‘laboratory’ and engage in some practical investigations outside of the traditional school laboratory. Planned visits to university or industrial research laboratories, local chemical industries, local powers stations and waste water treatment plants and the use of spread sheets, data banks and search engines on the Internet can all form an important part of the practical programme.</p><h3>1. Equipment for the whole class</h3><p>1 x electronic top pan balance weighing to 0.001 g</p><p>1 x electronic top pan balance weighing to 0.01 g</p><p>1 x still for distilled water + containers for the distilled water</p><p>1 x oven</p><p>1 x microwave oven</p><p>1 x desicator</p><p>1 x food calorimeter</p><p>1 x gas syringe oven</p><p>1 x visible spectrometer or colorimeter</p><p>1 x Hoffman voltammeter</p><p>1 x melting point apparatus fitted with 0 – 360 <sup>o</sup>C thermometer</p><p>4 x data loggers</p><p>Assortment of data logging probes (e.g. temperature, pH, calorimeter, light)</p><p>Sufficient supply of small test-tubes, ignition tubes, boiling tubes and dropping pipettes</p><p>Sufficient supply of clamp stands, clamps and bosses</p><p>Substitute asbestos mats</p><p>Sufficient supply of rubber tubing, corks and rubber bungs</p><p>Sufficient supply of pH meters, laboratory power packs, crocodile clips and leads</p><p>Sufficient supply of digital multi-meters</p><p>Sufficient supply of salt bridges</p><p>Models of ionic crystals, graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene and ice</p><p>Access to fume cupboard fitted with safety screen</p><p>Set of cork borers</p><p>Glass tubing and capillary tubing</p><p>Glass cutters</p><p>Crucibles and lids</p><p>Polystyrene cups with lids</p><p>Deflagrating spoons</p><p>Electrolysis cells</p><p>First aid kit</p><p>Eye wash equipment</p><p>Access to a shower or fast running water</p><p>Sufficient fire extinguishers, sand buckets and fire blankets</p><p>Heating mantles</p><p>Indicator papers</p><p>Magnetic stirrers and followers (‘fleas’)</p><p>Pestles and mortars</p><p>Clay triangles</p><p>Refrigerator</p><p>Dishwasher for glassware</p><p>Drying rack</p><p>Silica plates for TLC</p><p>U.V. lamp</p><p>Spills/matches</p><p>Sufficient gas syringes</p><p>Paper towel dispenser</p><p>Technician’s tool kit (scissors, screwdriver, pliers, knives etc.)</p><p>Trolleys and trays</p><p>Set of HAZCARDS and relevant safety information</p><p>Access to word processing, spreadsheet, graphing and Internet facilities</p><h3>2. Equipment for each pair of students</h3><p>2 x safety goggles or face masks</p><p>2 x aprons or other protective clothing</p><p>1 set of ‘Quickfit’ apparatus comprising:</p><p> 1 x 10 cm<sup>3 </sup>round bottom flask</p><p> 1 x 50 cm<sup>3</sup> round bottom flask</p><p> 1 x 100 cm<sup>3</sup> round bottom flask</p><p> 1 x Liebig water condenser</p><p> 1 x air condenser</p><p> 1 x separating funnel</p><p> 2 x stoppers</p><p> 1 x thermometer holder</p><p> 1 x reduction adaptor</p><p> 1 x two-neck adaptor</p><p> 1 x vented bed adaptor</p><p> 1 x distillation head with thermometer socket</p><p> 1 x cork ring</p><p>1 x -10 - +110 <sup>o</sup>C thermometer</p><p>1 x 10 cm<sup>3</sup> pipette</p><p>1 x 50 cm<sup>3</sup> burette</p><p>1 x pipette filler</p><p>1 x 100 cm<sup>3</sup> volumetric flask</p><p>1 x weighing bottle</p><p>3 x 100 cm<sup>3</sup> conical flasks</p><p>1 x 100 cm<sup>3</sup> measuring cylinder</p><p>1 x 10 cm<sup>3</sup> measuring cylinder</p><p>1 x set of beakers (400 cm<sup>3</sup>, 100 cm<sup>3</sup> and 25 cm<sup>3</sup>)</p><p>1 x test-tube rack</p><p>1 x test-tube holder</p><p>1 x Bunsen burner, tripod and gauze</p><p>1 x water pump</p><p>1 x Buchner flask with glass sintered filter and rubber seal</p><p>1 x filter funnel with necessary filter papers</p><p>1 x spatula</p><p>1 x glass stirring rod</p><p>1 x white tile</p><p>1 x set of ‘Molymod’ student organic modelling set</p><p>1 x ‘Molymod’ student shapes of molecules modelling set</p><h3>3. Chemicals</h3><p><strong>(i) Elements</strong></p><p> Hydrogen (cylinder or prepared in situ)</p><p> Graphite rods</p><p> Oxygen</p><p> Sodium</p><p> Magnesium</p><p> Aluminium</p><p> Silicon</p><p> Red phosphorus</p><p> Sulfur</p><p> Chlorine (cylinder or prepared in situ from KMnO­<sub>4</sub> / conc. HCl)</p><p> Iron</p><p> Nickel</p><p> Copper</p><p> Zinc</p><p> Bromine</p><p> Tin</p><p> Lead</p><p> Iodine</p><p><strong>(ii) Volumetric solutions (0.100 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> unless stated otherwise)</strong></p><p> Ammonia</p><p> Ethanoic acid</p><p> Hydrochloric acid</p><p> Potassium manganate(VII), KMnO<sub>4</sub>, (0.0200 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>)</p><p> Sodium hydroxide</p><p> Sodium thiosulfate</p><p><strong>(iii) Aqueous reagents</strong></p><p> Dilute ammonia</p><p> Dilute hydrochloric acid</p><p> Dilute sodium hydroxide</p><p> Dilute nitric acid</p><p> Silver nitrate</p><p> Potassium chromate(VI)</p><p> Potassium dichromate(VI)</p><p> Potassium manganate(VII)</p><p> Copper(II) sulfate</p><p> Barium chloride</p><p> Starch</p><p> Saturated calcium hydroxide (lime water) solution</p><p> Bromine water</p><p> Saturated sodium carbonate solution</p><p> Various acid/base indicators including: universal, phenolphthalein and methyl orange</p><p><strong>(iv) Inorganic compounds</strong></p><p> Aluminium chloride</p><p> Aluminium oxide</p><p> Aluminium sulfate</p><p> Ammonia (concentrated)</p><p> Ammonium iron(II) sulfate</p><p> Barium chloride</p><p> Brass foil</p><p> Calcium chloride (anhydrous)</p><p> Calcium hydroxide</p><p> Copper(II) carbonate</p><p> Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate</p><p> Copper(II) sulfate (anhydrous)</p><p> Hydrochloric acid (concentrated)</p><p> Iron(III) chloride</p><p> Iron(III) nitrate</p><p> Iron(III) sulfate</p><p> Lead bromide</p><p> Lithium chloride</p><p> Magnesium chloride</p><p> Magnesium oxide</p><p> Manganese(II) sulfate</p><p> Nichrome wire</p><p> Nitric acid (concentrated)</p><p> Phosphoric acid</p><p> Phosphorus(V) chloride</p><p> Phosphorus(V) oxide</p><p> Potassium bromide</p><p> Potassium chloride</p><p> Potassium chromate</p><p> Potassium dichromate</p><p> Potassium hydroxide</p><p> Potassium iodide</p><p> Potassium managanate(VII)</p><p> Potassium sodium tartrate</p><p> Potassium thiocyanate</p><p> Silicon dioxide</p><p> Silver nitrate</p><p> Sodium carbonate</p><p> Sodium chloride</p><p> Sodium hydrogen carbonate</p><p> di-sodium hydrogen phosphate</p><p> Sodium hydrogensulfite</p><p> Sodium hydroxide (pellets)</p><p> Sodium nitrite</p><p> Sodium peroxide</p><p> Sodium sulfate</p><p> Sodium sulfite</p><p> Sulfur dioxide</p><p> Sulfuric acid (concentrated)</p><p> Zinc sulfate</p><p><strong>(v) Organic compounds</strong></p><p> Benzoic acid</p><p> Benzylamine</p><p> Bromobenzene</p><p> 1-bromobutane</p><p> 2-bromobutane</p><p> 2-bromo-2-methylbutane</p><p> Castor oil</p><p> Camphor</p><p> 1-chlorobutane</p><p> Cyclohexane</p><p> Cyclohexene</p><p> Cyclohexanol</p><p> Ethanol</p><p> Ethanoic anhydride</p><p> Glucose</p><p> Heptane</p><p> Hexane</p><p> Hexan-1-ol</p><p> 2-hydroxybenzoate</p><p> 1-iodobutane</p><p> Methanol</p><p> Methylamine</p><p> Methylbenzene</p><p> Methylene blue</p><p> 2-methylpropan-2-ol</p><p> Naphthalene-2-ol</p><p> Nitrobenzene</p><p> Pentan-2-one</p><p> Pentan-3-one</p><p> Propan-1-ol</p><p> Propan-2-ol</p><p> Propanone</p><p> Propanal</p><p> Phenol</p><p> Phenolphthalein</p><p> Phenylamine</p><p> Salicylic acid</p><p> Starch</p><p> Stearic acid </p><hr class="hidden"></div></section></article><section id="media-extras"><div class="page-actions no-print navbar inline hidden-desktop"><div class="navbar-inner"><ul class="nav"><li><a class="presentation" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-desktop"></i></a></li><li><a class="print-section-blog" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-print"></i></a></li><li><a class="page-bookmarker" data-ticket="IB Docs (2) Team" data-pid="16666" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star"></i></a></li><li><a class="personal-notes" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-file-text"></i></a></li><li><a class="" data-toggle="modal" href="#modal-feedback" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></a></li><li class="dropdown"><a 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