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<title>DP Chemistry: Data response Example 3</title>
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nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li><a href="../19429/solar-energy-1.html">Solar energy</a></li><li><a href="../19437/environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html">Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><li><a href="../19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li><a href="../19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl--1.html">Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) </a></li><li><a href="../19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-1.html">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19078/option-d-1.html" class="father">Option D</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19079/pharmaceutical-products-drug-action--1.html">Pharmaceutical products & drug action </a></li><li><a href="../19158/aspirin-penicillin--1.html">Aspirin & penicillin </a></li><li><a href="../19174/opiates-1.html">Opiates</a></li><li><a href="../19184/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-1.html">pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li><a href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html">Antiviral medications </a></li><li><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html">Nuclear medicine </a></li><li><a href="../19273/drug-detection-analysis--1.html">Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia--1.html">Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16682/internal-assessment-1.html" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18892/scaffolding-the-investigation-1.html">'Scaffolding' the investigation</a></li><li><a href="../18896/timing-organisation--1.html">Timing & organisation </a></li><li><a href="../18905/choosing-the-research-question-1.html">Choosing the research question</a></li><li><a href="../18946/personal-engagement-1.html">Personal engagement</a></li><li><a href="../18950/exploration-1.html">Exploration</a></li><li><a href="../18957/analysis-1.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="../18965/evaluation-1.html">Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="../18966/communication-1.html">Communication</a></li><li><a href="../19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia-1.html">Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li><a href="../19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation-2.html">Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li><a href="../33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data-1.html">Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li><a href="../37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia--1.html">Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li><a href="../19506/ia-example-marking-exercise--1.html">IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li><a href="../23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports-1.html">Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li><a href="../25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports--1.html">Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li><a href="../37542/history-of-internal-assessment-1.html">History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html">Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li><a href="../16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas-1.html">Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li><a href="../16615/acid-base-titrations--1.html">Acid-base titrations </a></li><li><a href="../16616/a-green-acid-base-practical-1.html">A green acid-base practical</a></li><li><a href="../16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets-1.html">Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li><a href="../16618/caco3-in-egg-shells-1.html">CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li><a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html">Enthalpy changes</a></li><li><a href="../16631/reaction-rates-1.html">Reaction rates</a></li><li><a href="../16635/rate-dependent-factors-1.html">Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li><a href="../16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li><a href="../16637/iodination-of-propanone-1.html">Iodination of propanone</a></li><li><a href="../18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter-1.html">Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li><a href="../18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4--1.html">Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li><a href="../16640/voltaic-cells-1.html">Voltaic cells</a></li><li><a href="../16659/3-d-molecular-modelling--1.html">3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17168/other-good-practicals-1.html" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../17196/common-chemical-reactions-1.html">Common chemical reactions</a></li><li><a href="../227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period--1.html">Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li><a href="../17239/the-halogens-1.html">The halogens</a></li><li><a href="../17162/boiling-points-of-mixtures-1.html">Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li><a href="../17170/polarity-of-molecules-1.html">Polarity of molecules</a></li><li><a href="../18083/le-chateliers-principle--1.html">Le Chatelier's principle </a></li><li><a href="../19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li><a href="../18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium--1.html">Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li><a href="../18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools--1.html">Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li><a href="../18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution--1.html">Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html">Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li><a href="../19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure-1.html">Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li><a href="../19887/preparation-of-nylon-66-1.html">Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li><a href="../19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content--1.html">Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li><a href="../19342/hydrolysis-of-starch--1.html">Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li><a href="../19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin--1.html">Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../18851/ict-in-practical-work-1.html" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18852/data-logging--1.html">Data logging </a></li><li><a href="../18853/software-for-graph-plotting--1.html">Software for graph plotting </a></li><li><a href="../18854/spreadsheets-for-data-processing--1.html">Spreadsheets for data processing </a></li><li><a href="../18855/databases-1.html">Databases</a></li><li><a href="../18856/computer-modelling-simulations--1.html">Computer modelling & simulations </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16594/group-4-project-1.html" class="father">Group 4 Project</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16595/practicalities-1.html">Practicalities</a></li><li><a href="../16596/reflective-statement--2.html">Reflective statement </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16666/a-new-laboratory-1.html">A new laboratory?</a></li></ul></li><li class="selected"><a href="../16284/exams-1.html">Exams</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16286/essential-facts-1.html" class="father">Essential Facts</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a 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href="../16325/faqs-1.html">FAQs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../3147/ib-core-1.html">IB Core</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../3149/learner-profile-1.html">Learner Profile</a></li><li><a href="../21735/extended-essays--1.html" class="father">Extended Essays </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../21736/overview--1.html">Overview </a></li><li><a href="../21780/responsibilities-1.html">Responsibilities</a></li><li><a href="../21790/resources-1.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="../21800/research-1.html">Research</a></li><li><a href="../21804/writing-the-essay-1.html">Writing the essay</a></li><li><a href="../21810/assessment-1.html">Assessment</a></li><li><a href="../22434/summary-of-advice--1.html">Summary of advice </a></li><li><a href="../25272/faqs--1.html">FAQs </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../307/theory-of-knowledge-tok-1.html" class="father">Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../41171/the-12-tok-concepts-1.html">The 12 TOK concepts</a></li><li><a href="../3507/why-tok-chemistry-1.html">Why TOK & Chemistry?</a></li><li><a href="../3505/a-modern-paradigm-1.html">A modern paradigm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17783/fast-track-to-tests-questions-1.html">Fast track to tests & questions</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../17784/sl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24351/sl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31519/sl-practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">SL Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li><li><a href="../17786/sl-questions-on-each-sub-topic-1.html">SL Questions on each sub-topic</a></li><li><a href="../20431/sl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">SL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17792/sl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">SL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a 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</div><section id="main-content"><div class="box"><h1>Question 3</h1><p>This question is taken from the May 2009 TZ2 Paper 2 Standard Level examination. This paper is copyright IB so cannot be reproduced here but you can obtain this paper from the <a href="http://www.follettibstore.com">IB store</a>. The same question appeared on the Higher Level May 2009 TZ2 Paper 2 examination.</p><hr class="hidden"></div><hr class="hidden"><div class="blueBg"><h1>Answers and comments</h1><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">(The minimum answer required on the markscheme for each mark is given in the centre first.)</p><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center; "><img alt="" class="noborder" height="102" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Exams/Ex3 response a1.jpg" width="500"></p><p>This question essentially asks if students can recognise three of the functional groups listed in Topic 10 – organic chemistry (alky, alkenyl, hydroxyl, carbony, carboxyls, halogenoalkyl, amine, ester and the phenyl group) when presented in an unfamiliar molecule.</p><hr class="hidden"><p>(b)</p><p style="text-align: center; "><img alt="" class="noborder" height="87" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Exams/Ex3 response b.jpg" width="500"></p><p>This is another example of being asked to convert a mass in grams to an amount in moles. Since the mass was given to three significant figures and the molar mass is to at least three significant figures the answers should also be given to three significant figures although the slash in the answer above shows that 2.3 x 10<sup>-2</sup> was acceptable.</p><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center; "><img alt="" class="noborder" height="78" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Exams/Ex3 response bii.jpg" width="500"></p><p>The equation gives the information that one mole of aspirin is formed from one mole of salicylic acid. Hence the maximum amount of aspirin that can be formed is 2.28 x 10<sup>-3</sup> mol or 4.11 g.</p><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center; "><img alt="" class="noborder" height="53" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Exams/Ex3 response biii.jpg" width="500"></p><p>The percentage yield is simply the mass actually obtained divided by the maximum amount that could be obtained expressed as a percentage.</p><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center; "><img alt="" class="noborder" height="71" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Exams/Ex3 response biv.jpg" width="500"></p><p>Since the mass is given as 2.50 g the zero is significant hence the value is quoted to three significant figures.</p><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center; "><img alt="" class="noborder" height="70" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Exams/Ex3 response bv.jpg" width="500"></p><p>This is an interesting question as there are several possible answers. Clearly the true yield cannot be more than 100%. Since the calculation was correct it follows that the product must have contained something else apart from pure aspirin. If some of the salicylic acid had not reacted and was contaminating the product then the product would have a mass less than the 100% yield as the <em>M<sub>r</sub></em> of salicylic acid is less than the <em>M</em><sub>r</sub> of aspirin. It is possible that the product is contaminated with some of the excess ethanoic anhydride or some of the ethanoic acid which is also formed in the reaction. However this is very unlikely as both are soluble in water and would have been removed during the recrystallization process. It follows therefore that the most likely explanation is that the aspirin has not been dried properly after the recrystallization process and contains water.</p><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center; "><img alt="" class="noborder" height="128" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Exams/Ex3 response bvi.jpg" width="500"></p><p>Section A of Paper 3 will always the nature of science and this may well involve the use of an hypothesis. Often this will occur in the data response question. The logic behind the reasoning of the hypothesis is suspect. Just because the C-C bonds are all equal it does not follow that the carbon to oxygen bonds must also all be the same. In general double bonds are shorter than single bonds so one would expect the C to O bonds to be different.</p><hr class="hidden"><p style="text-align: center; "><img alt="" class="noborder" height="116" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Exams/Ex3 response bvii.jpg" width="500"></p><p>This question tests the definition of an acid in terms of Brønsted -Lowry theory and its conjugate base. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid so its conjugate base, the ethanoate ion will be a reasonable base. Higher Level students should also be able to define an acid in terms of the ionic theory and Lewis theory.</p><hr class="hidden"></div><hr class="hidden"><div class="greenBg"><h1>General comments on Example 3</h1><p>Along with the question on the comparable May 2009 TZ1 paper this was the first genuine data response question on the new programme which was first examined in 2009. In fact it has many similarities with the TZ1 question. Like the preparation of biodiesel the preparation of aspirin was not on the IB core of the pre-2014 chemistry programme but sufficient information is given which enables students to answer the questions that follow. All these questions test the principles of chemistry that are clearly on the IB core syllabus. As with the TZ1 question several areas of the programme are tested (Topics 1, 4, 5, 8, 10 and 11). 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