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education? ">Is genetics an embarrassment to biology education? </a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17809/hairy-hands-genetics-of-mid-digital-hair.html" title="Hairy Hands - genetics of mid-digital hair">Hairy Hands - genetics of mid-digital hair</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17810/pedigree-chart-phenotype-ratios.html" title="Pedigree Chart & Phenotype Ratios">Pedigree Chart & Phenotype Ratios</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17820/ia-maize-genetics-experiment.html" title="IA Maize Genetics Experiment">IA Maize Genetics Experiment</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17823/genetically-modified-organisms.html" title="Genetically Modified Organisms.">Genetically Modified Organisms.</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17824/introduction-to-cloning.html" title="Introduction to Cloning.">Introduction to Cloning.</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33736/cloning-ethics-quiz.html" title="Cloning ethics - quiz">Cloning ethics - quiz</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17811/therapeutic-cloning-debate-.html" title="Therapeutic Cloning Debate ">Therapeutic Cloning Debate </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16981/ecology-activities-for-learning.html" title="Ecology Activities for Learning">Ecology Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17905/ecological-terms.html" title="Ecological terms.">Ecological terms.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17906/food-webs.html" title="Food Webs">Food Webs</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17927/mesocosm-lab.html" title="Mesocosm Lab">Mesocosm Lab</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23435/ecology-mini-investigation.html" title="Ecology mini investigation">Ecology mini investigation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33629/ecology-field-trip-at-home.html" title="Ecology field trip - at home">Ecology field trip - at home</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17907/energy-flow.html" title="Energy Flow.">Energy Flow.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17912/carbon-cycle-skills.html" title="Carbon Cycle Skills">Carbon Cycle Skills</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17908/enhanced-greenhouse-effect.html" title="Enhanced Greenhouse Effect.">Enhanced Greenhouse Effect.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17909/climate-change.html" title="Climate Change.">Climate Change.</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16985/evolution-activities-for-learning.html" title="Evolution: Activities for Learning">Evolution: Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15988/evolution-introduction.html" title="Evolution introduction">Evolution introduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15990/variation-overproduction.html" title="Variation & overproduction">Variation & overproduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15989/evolution-examples.html" title="Evolution examples">Evolution examples</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19320/classification-binomial-names.html" title="Classification & binomial names">Classification & binomial names</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15991/classification-of-plants.html" title="Classification of Plants">Classification of Plants</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19306/plant-classification-quiz.html" title="Plant classification quiz">Plant classification quiz</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15993/classification-of-animals.html" title="Classification of Animals">Classification of Animals</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23751/classification-games.html" title="Classification games">Classification games</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18912/intro-to-cladistics.html" title="Intro to cladistics">Intro to cladistics</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18910/reclassification-of-figworts-using-cladistics.html" title="Reclassification of figworts using cladistics">Reclassification of figworts using cladistics</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18027/humans-activities-for-learning.html" title="Humans Activities for Learning">Humans Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18028/digestion-enzymes-intro-.html" title="Digestion & Enzymes Intro ">Digestion & Enzymes Intro </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18029/ia-lipase-experiment.html" title="IA Lipase Experiment">IA Lipase Experiment</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18033/structure-of-the-digestive-system.html" title="Structure of the digestive system.">Structure of the digestive system.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18030/intestine-structure-function.html" title="Intestine Structure & Function.">Intestine Structure & Function.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18031/blood-and-blood-vessels.html" title="Blood and Blood Vessels">Blood and Blood Vessels</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18032/heart-dissection-diagram.html" title="Heart Dissection & Diagram">Heart Dissection & Diagram</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18026/controlling-heartbeat.html" title="Controlling Heartbeat">Controlling Heartbeat</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18590/blood-clotting-and-heart-disease.html" title="Blood clotting and heart disease.">Blood clotting and heart disease.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18117/antigens-and-antibodies-.html" title="Antigens and antibodies ">Antigens and antibodies </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18180/hiv-and-aids.html" title="HIV and AIDS">HIV and AIDS</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18116/immune-system-.html" title="Immune System ">Immune System </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18115/alveoli-gas-exchange.html" title="Alveoli & gas exchange">Alveoli & gas exchange</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19330/ventilation-lung-disease.html" title="Ventilation & lung disease">Ventilation & lung disease</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18421/nerve-impulses.html" title="Nerve impulses.">Nerve impulses.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18461/synapses.html" title="Synapses">Synapses</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31311/chemicals-which-affect-synapses.html" title="Chemicals which affect synapses">Chemicals which affect synapses</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19886/hormones-introduction.html" title="Hormones introduction">Hormones introduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19894/homeostasis-of-glucose.html" title="Homeostasis of Glucose.">Homeostasis of Glucose.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19907/harvey-and-the-search-for-ova.html" title="Harvey and the search for ova">Harvey and the search for ova</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19908/hormones-and-the-menstrual-cycle.html" title="Hormones and the menstrual cycle">Hormones and the menstrual cycle</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19927/hormones-in-ivf.html" title="Hormones in IVF">Hormones in IVF</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17178/additional-hl.html" title="Additional HL">Additional HL</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17917/hl-nucleic-acids-activities-for-learning.html" title="HL Nucleic Acids Activities for Learning">HL Nucleic Acids Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17918/dna-structure-extras-for-hl.html" title="DNA structure - Extras for HL">DNA structure - Extras for HL</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16141/dna-replication-for-hl-students.html" title="DNA Replication for HL Students">DNA Replication for HL Students</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17920/transcription-extras-for-hl.html" title="Transcription - extras for HL">Transcription - extras for HL</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37259/extension-concept-hydrolysis-of-atp.html" title="Extension concept - Hydrolysis of ATP">Extension concept - Hydrolysis of ATP</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18048/translation-ribosomes.html" title="Translation & ribosomes">Translation & ribosomes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17921/four-levels-of-protein-structure.html" title="Four levels of protein structure">Four levels of protein structure</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18211/hl-metabolism-activities-for-learning.html" title="HL Metabolism Activities for Learning">HL Metabolism Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19840/activation-energy-and-enzyme-pathways.html" title="Activation energy and enzyme pathways">Activation energy and enzyme pathways</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19850/emergency-room-activity-enzyme-inhibition.html" title="Emergency room activity - enzyme inhibition">Emergency room activity - enzyme inhibition</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19865/toxicology-training-course.html" title="Toxicology training course">Toxicology training course</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17923/end-product-inhibition-of-enzymes.html" title="End product inhibition of Enzymes.">End product inhibition of Enzymes.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17922/hl-respiration-introduction.html" title="HL Respiration introduction">HL Respiration introduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16207/glycolysis-and-the-krebs-cycle.html" title="Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle">Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18214/electron-transport-chain.html" title="Electron transport chain">Electron transport chain</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16209/chloroplasts-and-photosynthesis.html" title="Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis">Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16210/light-dependent-reactions.html" title="Light Dependent Reactions">Light Dependent Reactions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16211/light-independent-reactions.html" title="Light Independent Reactions">Light Independent Reactions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17720/hl-plant-biology-activities-for-learning.html" title="HL Plant Biology - Activities for Learning">HL Plant Biology - Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17726/leaf-stomata-transpiration.html" title="Leaf stomata & transpiration">Leaf stomata & transpiration</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17721/vascular-tissues-introduction.html" title="Vascular tissues - introduction">Vascular tissues - introduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17723/transport-in-xylem.html" title="Transport in xylem">Transport in xylem</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17727/experiments-on-transpiration.html" title="Experiments on Transpiration.">Experiments on Transpiration.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17724/transpiration-and-xerophytes-.html" title="Transpiration and Xerophytes ">Transpiration and Xerophytes </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17763/phloem-and-translocation.html" title="Phloem and translocation">Phloem and translocation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17722/meristems-and-growth.html" title="Meristems and Growth.">Meristems and Growth.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17804/hormonal-control-in-plants.html" title="Hormonal control in plants">Hormonal control in plants</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17725/reproduction-in-angiosperms.html" title="Reproduction in angiosperms.">Reproduction in angiosperms.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17808/seeds-flowering-phytochromes.html" title="Seeds, flowering & phytochromes">Seeds, flowering & phytochromes</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17888/hl-genetics-activities-for-learning.html" title="HL Genetics Activities for Learning">HL Genetics Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17889/meiosis.html" title="Meiosis.">Meiosis.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17890/di-hybrid-crosses.html" title="Di-Hybrid Crosses.">Di-Hybrid Crosses.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17892/polygenic-inheritance.html" title="Polygenic Inheritance.">Polygenic Inheritance.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17891/gene-linkage-1.html" title="Gene Linkage 1">Gene Linkage 1</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17894/gene-linkage-2.html" title="Gene Linkage 2">Gene Linkage 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17901/gene-pools.html" title="Gene pools">Gene pools</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19670/polyploidy.html" title="Polyploidy">Polyploidy</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19559/hl-animal-physiology-activities-for-learning.html" title="HL Animal Physiology Activities for Learning">HL Animal Physiology Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19560/antibody-production.html" title="Antibody production">Antibody production</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19566/monoclonal-antibodies.html" title="Monoclonal antibodies">Monoclonal antibodies</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19565/vaccination.html" title="Vaccination">Vaccination</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19561/muscles-joints.html" title="Muscles & joints">Muscles & joints</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19564/muscle-structure-function.html" title="Muscle structure & function.">Muscle structure & function.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19681/osmoregulation.html" title="Osmoregulation">Osmoregulation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19562/kidney-and-nephrons.html" title="Kidney and nephrons.">Kidney and nephrons.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18813/gamete-formation.html" title="Gamete formation">Gamete formation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16365/fertilization-blastocyst.html" title="Fertilization & blastocyst">Fertilization & blastocyst</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20080/pregnancy-and-birth.html" title="Pregnancy and birth">Pregnancy and birth</a></li></ul></ul><li class="ancestor parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="" href="../17193/options-.html" title="Options ">Options </a></li><ul class="level-1 expanded"><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21490/option-a-neurobiology-activities-for-learning.html" title="Option A - Neurobiology - Activities for learning">Option A - Neurobiology - Activities for learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21399/nervous-system-formation.html" title="Nervous system formation">Nervous system formation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21401/synapses-and-nervous-system-plasticity.html" title="Synapses and nervous system plasticity">Synapses and nervous system plasticity</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21519/brain-structure-and-function.html" title="Brain structure and function">Brain structure and function</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21520/the-cerebral-cortex.html" title="The Cerebral cortex">The Cerebral cortex</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21525/sensory-receptors-and-smell.html" title="Sensory receptors and smell">Sensory receptors and smell</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21526/the-eye-and-photoreceptors.html" title="The eye and photoreceptors">The eye and photoreceptors</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33371/reflexes.html" title="Reflexes">Reflexes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33372/conditioning-and-imprinting.html" title="Conditioning and imprinting">Conditioning and imprinting</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25280/option-b-biotechnology-and-bioinformatics.html" title="Option B - Biotechnology and bioinformatics">Option B - Biotechnology and bioinformatics</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32571/batch-fermentation-and-continuous-culture.html" title="Batch fermentation and continuous culture">Batch fermentation and continuous culture</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25411/cryptic-messages-bioinformatics-introduction.html" title="Cryptic messages - bioinformatics introduction">Cryptic messages - bioinformatics introduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25364/orf-activity.html" title="ORF activity">ORF activity</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22063/option-c-ecology-activities-for-learning.html" title="Option C - Ecology Activities for learning">Option C - Ecology Activities for learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22081/describing-communities.html" title="Describing communities">Describing communities</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22083/limits-and-zones-lab.html" title="Limits and zones lab">Limits and zones lab</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22084/symbiosis-v-competitive-exclusion.html" title="Symbiosis v Competitive exclusion">Symbiosis v Competitive exclusion</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22085/modelling-energy-flow.html" title="Modelling energy flow">Modelling energy flow</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22086/predicting-ecosystems.html" title="Predicting ecosystems">Predicting ecosystems</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22089/modelling-nutrients.html" title="Modelling nutrients">Modelling nutrients</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22088/disturbance-vs-diversity.html" title="Disturbance vs Diversity">Disturbance vs Diversity</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22807/invasive-species.html" title="Invasive species">Invasive species</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22810/biomagnification.html" title="Biomagnification">Biomagnification</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22958/plastic-debris.html" title="Plastic debris">Plastic debris</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23153/indicator-species-biotic-index.html" title="Indicator species & biotic index">Indicator species & biotic index</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23154/conservation-methods.html" title="Conservation methods">Conservation methods</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22059/biodiversity-estimations.html" title="Biodiversity estimations">Biodiversity estimations</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22060/lincoln-index-activities.html" title="Lincoln Index activities">Lincoln Index activities</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27387/population-growth-curves.html" title="Population growth curves">Population growth curves</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27433/fisheries-and-populations.html" title="Fisheries and populations">Fisheries and populations</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18998/nitrogen-cycle-applications.html" title="Nitrogen cycle - applications">Nitrogen cycle - applications</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28235/phosphorus-cycle.html" title="Phosphorus cycle">Phosphorus cycle</a></li></ul><li class="ancestor parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="" href="../20088/option-d-human-physiology-activities-for-learning.html" title="Option D - Human physiology Activities for learning">Option D - Human physiology Activities for learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 expanded"><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20215/is-it-so-bad-to-eat-only-pizza.html" title="Is it so bad to eat only pizza?">Is it so bad to eat only pizza?</a></li><li class="current" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="appetite-and-malnutrition.html" title="Appetite and malnutrition">Appetite and malnutrition</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20284/exocrine-glands.html" title="Exocrine glands">Exocrine glands</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20300/control-of-digestive-secretions.html" title="Control of digestive secretions">Control of digestive secretions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20259/a-miracle-cure-for-ulcers.html" title="A miracle cure for ulcers">A miracle cure for ulcers</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20664/liver-structure-function.html" title="Liver structure & function.">Liver structure & function.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20665/jaundice-liver-function.html" title="Jaundice & liver function">Jaundice & liver function</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20692/cardiac-muscle-myogenic-control.html" title="Cardiac muscle & myogenic control">Cardiac muscle & myogenic control</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20707/cardiology-role-play.html" title="Cardiology Role play">Cardiology Role play</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24113/epidemiology-framingham-heart-study.html" title="Epidemiology - Framingham heart study">Epidemiology - Framingham heart study</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20706/pituitary-gland-and-hormones.html" title="Pituitary gland and hormones">Pituitary gland and hormones</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20732/oxygen-dissociation-curves.html" title="Oxygen dissociation curves">Oxygen dissociation curves</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20708/carbon-dioxide-and-bohr-shift.html" title="Carbon dioxide and Bohr shift">Carbon dioxide and Bohr shift</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17622/the-investigation.html" title="The Investigation">The Investigation</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21187/individual-investigation-skills-introduction.html" title="Individual investigation - skills introduction">Individual investigation - skills introduction</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17179/practical-scheme-of-work.html" title="Practical Scheme of Work">Practical Scheme of Work</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16860/lab-protocols-for-the-biology-ib-guide.html" title="Lab protocols for the Biology IB guide">Lab protocols for the Biology IB guide</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17623/planning-for-skills-progression.html" title="Planning for skills progression">Planning for skills progression</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17624/personal-engagement.html" title="Personal Engagement">Personal Engagement</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19063/personal-engagement-personality-quiz.html" title="Personal Engagement - personality quiz">Personal Engagement - personality quiz</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34461/three-ways-to-choose-a-topic-for-the-ia.html" title="Three ways to choose a topic for the IA">Three ways to choose a topic for the IA</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17625/exploration.html" title="Exploration">Exploration</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23429/focusing-a-research-question.html" title="Focusing a research question">Focusing a research question</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17626/analysis.html" title="Analysis">Analysis</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26255/ia-analysis-anova-or-t-test.html" title="IA Analysis - ANOVA or t-test?">IA Analysis - ANOVA or t-test?</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17627/evaluation.html" title="Evaluation">Evaluation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17628/communication.html" title="Communication">Communication</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38973/ia-ideas-during-a-pandemic-2020-21.html" title="IA ideas during a pandemic 2020-21">IA ideas during a pandemic 2020-21</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30218/ia-avoiding-common-errors.html" title="IA - Avoiding common errors">IA - Avoiding common errors</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34356/ia-experiments-that-could-be-done-at-home.html" title="IA Experiments that could be done at home">IA Experiments that could be done at home</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34574/ia-experiment-ideas-inspired-by-youtube.html" title="IA experiment ideas inspired by Youtube">IA experiment ideas inspired by Youtube</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15992/6-ecological-ideas-for-your-ia.html" title="6 Ecological ideas for your IA">6 Ecological ideas for your IA</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20852/30-investigation-ideas-for-biology-ia.html" title="30 investigation ideas for Biology IA">30 investigation ideas for Biology IA</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39689/investigating-strawberries-with-a-glucose-test-meter.html" title="Investigating strawberries with a glucose test meter">Investigating strawberries with a glucose test meter</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23240/16-new-experiment-ideas-for-biology-ia.html" title="16 new experiment ideas for Biology IA">16 new experiment ideas for Biology IA</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26171/12-investigation-ideas-with-a-biological-twist.html" title="12 Investigation ideas with a biological twist.">12 Investigation ideas with a biological twist.</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26186/body-temperature-data.html" title="Body temperature data">Body temperature data</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19329/ia-investigation-marking-sheet.html" title="IA Investigation - marking sheet">IA Investigation - marking sheet</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21859/marking-rigour-ia-assessment-criteria.html" title="Marking rigour & IA assessment criteria.">Marking rigour & IA assessment criteria.</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18404/quizzes-tests-revision.html" title="Quizzes tests & revision">Quizzes tests & revision</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17665/the-exams.html" title="The Exams">The Exams</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19051/describing-trends-in-ib-graphs.html" title="Describing trends in IB graphs">Describing trends in IB graphs</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20791/paper-3-section-a-questions.html" title="Paper 3 Section A - questions">Paper 3 Section A - questions</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26073/graphical-analysis-skills-for-life.html" title="Graphical analysis - skills for life!">Graphical analysis - skills for life!</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18403/a3-topic-revision-sheets.html" title="A3 topic revision sheets">A3 topic revision sheets</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18405/topic-1-cells-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 1 - Cells revision activities">Topic 1 - Cells revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22372/topic-1-cells-sl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 1 - Cells SL revision list">Topic 1 - Cells SL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19003/topic-2-molecular-biology-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 2 - Molecular biology revision activities">Topic 2 - Molecular biology revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22373/topic-2-bio-molecules-sl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 2 - Bio molecules SL revision list">Topic 2 - Bio molecules SL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18999/topic-3-genetics-sl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 3 - Genetics SL revision activities">Topic 3 - Genetics SL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22378/topic-3-genetics-sl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 3 - Genetics SL revision list">Topic 3 - Genetics SL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19480/topic-4-ecology-sl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 4 - Ecology SL revision activities">Topic 4 - Ecology SL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22395/topic-4-ecology-revision-list.html" title="Topic 4 - Ecology revision list">Topic 4 - Ecology revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19006/topic-5-evolution-sl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 5 - Evolution SL revision activities">Topic 5 - Evolution SL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22474/topic-5-evolution-revision-list.html" title="Topic 5 - Evolution revision list">Topic 5 - Evolution revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20121/topic-6-human-physiology-sl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 6 - human physiology SL revision activities">Topic 6 - human physiology SL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22396/topic-6-human-physiology-revision-list.html" title="Topic 6 - Human physiology revision list">Topic 6 - Human physiology revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20196/topic-7-nucleic-acids-hl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 7 - Nucleic acids HL revision activities">Topic 7 - Nucleic acids HL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20139/topic-7-nucleic-acids-hl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 7 - Nucleic acids HL revision list">Topic 7 - Nucleic acids HL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20787/topic-8-metabolism-hl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 8 - Metabolism HL revision activities">Topic 8 - Metabolism HL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20198/topic-8-metabolism-hl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 8 - Metabolism HL revision list">Topic 8 - Metabolism HL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20122/topic-9-plant-biology-hl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 9 - Plant biology HL revision activities">Topic 9 - Plant biology HL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20773/topic-9-plants-hl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 9 - Plants HL - revision list">Topic 9 - Plants HL - revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20849/topic-10-genetics-hl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 10 - Genetics HL Revision activities">Topic 10 - Genetics HL Revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20128/topic-10-genetics-hl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 10 - Genetics HL revision list">Topic 10 - Genetics HL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Topic 11 - Physiology HL Revision activities">Topic 11 - Physiology HL Revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20115/topic-11-animal-physiology-revision-list.html" title="Topic 11 - Animal physiology revision list">Topic 11 - Animal physiology revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23821/option-a-neurobiology-revision-activities.html" title="Option A - Neurobiology - Revision activities">Option A - Neurobiology - Revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23822/option-a-neurobiology-sl-revision-list.html" title="Option A - Neurobiology SL Revision list">Option A - Neurobiology SL Revision list</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23831/option-a-neurobiology-hl-revision-list.html" title="Option A - Neurobiology HL Revision list">Option A - Neurobiology HL Revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19001/option-c-ecology-revision-activities.html" title="Option C - Ecology revision activities">Option C - Ecology revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27865/option-c-ecology-sl-revision-list-.html" title="Option C - Ecology SL revision list ">Option C - Ecology SL revision list </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27863/option-c-ecology-hl-revision-list.html" title="Option C - Ecology HL revision list">Option C - Ecology HL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26107/option-d-human-physiology-revision-activities.html" title="Option D - Human Physiology Revision activities">Option D - Human Physiology Revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26108/option-d-human-physiology-hl-revision-list.html" title="Option D - Human physiology HL revision list">Option D - Human physiology HL revision list</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27855/option-d-human-physiology-sl-revision-list.html" title="Option D - Human physiology SL Revision list">Option D - Human physiology SL Revision list</a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17996/multiple-choice-quizzes.html" title="Multiple Choice Quizzes">Multiple Choice Quizzes</a></li><li class=" parent" 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<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="appetite-and-malnutrition" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">Appetite and malnutrition</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Options </span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Option D - Human physiology Activities for learning</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active">Appetite and malnutrition</span></li></ul>
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<section class="span12" id="main-content">
<p><img alt="" class="Left" src="../../../ib/biology/images/I%20Stange%20anoerexic%20model%2C%20Peter%20Duhon%2Chttp-en.wikipedia.orgwikiFile-Stange1crop.jpg%2C%2028%20Jan%202012.jpg" style="height: 150px; width: 100px; float: left;">Students are first introduced to the control of appetite, including the role of the hypothalamus in the brain. Then through a simple 'web quest' style quiz students read about several interesting cases, including PKU, obesity and anorexia and answer some self marking multiple choice questions to test their understanding. This is followed by a short revision note making activity.</p>
<hr class="hidden">
<div class="greyBg">
<h3>Lesson Description</h3>
<div class="blueBg">
<h3>Guiding Questions</h3>
<p>What are the effects of malnutrition?</p>
<p>How can malnutrition involve eating too much, too little, or both?</p>
</div>
<p style="text-align: center; "></p>
<h3>Activity 1 - Appetite and the hypothalamus</h3>
<p>Watch the short video <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMtyhVqV4nc" target="_blank" title="Videos"><img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/video.png"><span class="anchor" id="video-1" name="video-1"> </span> Why do we feel hungry? Intro to the brain's influence on hunger.</a></p>
<p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/bMtyhVqV4nc?rel=0" width="640"></iframe></p>
<p>If you are keen to find out more try this <a href="http://youtu.be/__q5nHfro7g?t=2m30s" target="_blank" title="Videos"><img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/video.png"><span class="anchor" id="video-2" name="video-2"> </span> A more detailed introduction to the science of nutrition</a></p>
<section class="tib-hiddenbox">
<p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/__q5nHfro7g?rel=0" width="640"></iframe></p>
</section>
<div class="blueBg">
<h3>Questions</h3>
<p>What is energy homeostasis?</p>
<p>..................................................................................................................................................................</p>
<p>Which part of the brain receives signals from fat cells and the intestines to signal that you are hungry?</p>
<p>..................................................................................................................................................................</p>
<p>What is the role of leptin on appetite? (Remember HL topic 11?)</p>
<p>..................................................................................................................................................................</p>
</div>
<section class="tib-hiddenbox">
<h3>Model answers</h3>
<p>What is energy homeostasis?</p>
<p>........ <span style="color:#FF0000;">Keeping a balance between energy used by the body's cells in metabolism and energy consumed in food</span>...</p>
<p>Which part of the brain receives signals from fat cells and the intestines to signal that you are hungry?</p>
<p>......... <span style="color:#FF0000;">The hypothalamus</span> ..........</p>
<p>What is the role of leptin on appetite? (Remember HL topic 11?)</p>
<p>......... <span style="color:#FF0000;">Leptin is a hormone made by fat cells (adipose cells)<br>
..........It affects the hypothalamus and limits appetite, thus helping to regulate energy balance</span> </p>
<p>............ <span style="color:#FF0000;">(When fat cells are full of lipids (long term energy storage) the appetite is lowered by the production of leptin)</span></p>
</section>
<p style="text-align: center; "></p>
<hr class="hidden">
<h3>Activity 2 - Malnutrition and unusual cases.</h3>
<p>Read the information and answer the questions in the following quiz ( web quest )</p>
<div class="tib-quiz" data-quiz-id="146" data-structure="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" data-score-answers="6d4a526a457a48584f763758344a7649472f76324c53614b78524c393439595570496d5a5971374b38686f3d"><div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<h3><strong>Case 1 - PKU</strong></h3>
<p>While for most of us eating a diet containing all the essential micronutrient is essential, some people need to eat a diet which is missing an essential amino acid - "Phe" or phenylalanine. (pronounced FEE - NYE - ALA - NYNE).</p>
<p>This is an inherited condition where person has two faulty alleles of the gene for the enzyme which hydrolyses this amino acid.</p>
<p>Watch the following video about PKU.</p>
<p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/XKSoMi4U-1k?rel=0" width="640"></iframe></p>
<p><strong>Select the correct statements from the list below by ticking the box.</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer" data-mcb="6">
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="7041bb58281d73350d3c95f5a5e30db3"><input type="checkbox"><span> Both parents must pass on the PKU allele for a baby to inherit the condition.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="8f8a15037640ec0233765431ce1346e8"><input type="checkbox"><span> The PKU allele is recessive.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="019ad852039c4560f54c51ca76498e2d"><input type="checkbox"><span> A high level of Phenylalaine can cause brain damage.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="d46987caafc4a75f2cca57e51a8b9b40"><input type="checkbox"><span> Controlling diet is the best way to control PKU.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="2dbd94816c71d973d52d91d50d88a05c"><input type="checkbox"><span> Babies with PKU are miising an essential amino acid</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="a7ac2155b7cf82ccc1094300dab1dbf5"><input type="checkbox"><span> Foods high in Phenylalanine are meats, beans, and milk.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="1400e710ac35650dcaeed5f0555292a5"><input type="checkbox"><span> Babies with PKU are missing an enzyme.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="4ca007782029af52c121ab19207b66cc"><input type="checkbox"><span> Vegetables and fruits are high in Phenylalanine.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="d2366a97fc2d6b12a2bd4b6d71723a12"><input type="checkbox"><span> The PKY allele is dominant</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited disorder that increases phenylalanine levels in the blood. Phenylalanine (Phe) is an essential amino acid obtained through the diet. It is found in all proteins. Normally the body metabolises this amino acid in the liver using the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. People with PKU don't have enough of this enzyme and if PKU is not treated, phenylalanine can build up to harmful levels in the body, causing intellectual disability and other serious health problems. <br>
It is usually treated by controlling the diet, reducing intake of protein and taking dietary suppliments.</p>
</div>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<h3>Case 2 - Vitamin C - is it really an essential vitamin?</h3>
<p>Read the two short articles below and answer the question which follows.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.petplace.com/article/drug-library/library/over-the-counter/ascorbic-acid-vitamin-c" target="_blank"><strong>Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) for Dogs and Cats Dr. Nicholas Dodman Last Modified: July 09, 2015</strong></a></p>
<p>Ascorbic acid, also called Vitamin C, is a naturally occurring substance that is important in the formation of collagen in dogs and cats. Ascorbic acid is manufactured by most animals, except for some birds, fish, guinea pigs, fruit bats, primates and humans.<br>
In dogs and cats, ascorbic acid is manufactured in the liver and normally does not need to be supplemented. Claims that nutritional deficiency of ascorbic acid causes scurvy in dogs and cats are probably inaccurate. The only situation in which ascorbic acid deficiency might occur in dogs and cats is in the case of liver disease, which might disrupt its production.</p>
<p>Ascorbic acid is available over-the-counter but should not be given to cats and dogs except under the supervision of a vet.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.guineapigcorner.com/vitamin-c" target="_blank"><strong>Vitamin C and Guinea pigs - </strong>by Pete and Guinea pig Corner</a></p>
<p>Like chickens, humans and other mammals, guinea pigs need vitamin C to keep their bodies functioning properly. Also like humans, but unlike other rodents and other animals, guinea pigs are unable to produce their own supplies of vitamin C. This means that they must get 100% of their requirements from the food and supplements you feed them.</p>
<p>Problems Caused by Vitamin C Deficiency</p>
<p>When guinea pigs don't have enough vitamin C in their diets, it can lead to a number of diseases and ailments:</p>
<p><strong>Which of the following animals need to get vitamin C in their diet?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer" data-mcb="3">
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="1ec0aec1cdccfcaa6df8e07b40d3e664"><input type="checkbox"><span> Dogs</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="7b0e705990bb8a0537f68672d2c1628d"><input type="checkbox"><span> Guinea pigs</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="7f4e2480164840822b2ee2bbffe8eaff"><input type="checkbox"><span> Humans</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="955995954af3c031da6ad6665d79e485"><input type="checkbox"><span> Chickens</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="6839d672141795d0959700017e3cdec4"><input type="checkbox"><span> Cats</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is produced in the livers of some mammals but not in all mammals. Humans, primates and guinea pigs have to get their vitamin C in their diet.</p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<h3>Case 3 - Vitamin D deficiency</h3>
<p>Most people get enough vitamin D from exposure or their skin to sunlight (without using sunscreen) for 15 minutes per day.</p>
<p>Watch this short introduction to the role of vitamin D in bone formation.</p>
<p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/QHHnaPydYvw?rel=0" width="640"></iframe></p>
<p>Answer the questions below.</p>
<p><strong>Which minerals require vitamin D to be absorbed properly?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer" data-mcb="2">
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="eb4f2688c1650868c47c44e3ebe1f725"><input type="checkbox"><span> Phosphorus</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="a5dec5f34284881ea8bbd71679c86ede"><input type="checkbox"><span> Magnesium</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="cefa8a9606819ed409dc761ca6080887"><input type="checkbox"><span> Iron</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="478ee9af3f59d085469ca6184ee8e7df"><input type="checkbox"><span> Iodine</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="a9640cedc7af6a21a83e8aebc743e462"><input type="checkbox"><span> Calcium</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Bone mineralisation requires the presence of calcium. Without vitamin D the digestive system cannot absorb calcium effectively.</p>
<p>Rickets in children is caused by a lack of vitamin D (a milder form called Osteomalacia occurs in adults)</p>
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<h3>Case 4 - When does body tissue get broken down?</h3>
<p>Find out what happens to body tissues during starvation & anorexia using these websites.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><code><iframe frameborder="0" height="350" scrolling="yes" src="https://www.magzinr.com/user/D_Faure/anorexiastarvation&view=magazine" style="overflow-x:scroll;overflow-y:scroll" width="100%"></iframe></code></p>
<p>Answer the question below.</p>
<p><strong>When the body is not getting enough calories for a prolonged period which of the following things happen?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer" data-mcb="5">
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="63659ffcfbedbb6d50d48ae2520d0079"><input type="checkbox"><span> Vitamins are made in the liver and released into the blood.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="4959f273257fc2f1d1097e653fee2ef2"><input type="checkbox"><span> Cells in your body will start to break down protein which is converted into glucose by the liver.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="69bee94b5d91a2d63bb7ddd97dd4bfb3"><input type="checkbox"><span> Fatty acids stored in the body are broken down to release energy.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="459853ade2ce2cb4e11ad43e6e101b35"><input type="checkbox"><span> Body tissues are broken down to release proteins and fatty acids which are turned into energy.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="bd949da6142ebd26c818eb1001cac9ec"><input type="checkbox"><span> Glycogen reserves in the liver are broken down to release glucose.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="495f7aa2df768ed00488136bda6cef74"><input type="checkbox"><span> Heart muscle is broken down and the heart shrinks in size.</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><br>
Starvation can be caused by fasting, coma, famine, and anorexia nevrosa. The body resists starvation by body’s tissue break down and uses them as a calories source (like the furniture burning to keep the warm house). As a result, muscles and internal organs become severely damaged, and the adipose tissue under the skin (body fat) disappears.<br>
</p>
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<h3>Case 5 - Being overweight increases risk of hypertension and type II diabetes.</h3>
<p>Look at the infographic below ...</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../../2013/03/obesity-infographic.jpg" style="width: 400px; height: 515px;"></p>
<p><strong>Which of the following statements are supported by the data in the infographic?</strong></p>
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<div class="q-answer" data-mcb="4">
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="37b65ebaa48bf81397a969844307e456"><input type="checkbox"><span> People who are obese are 104% more likely to have heart failure.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="4fc030319b03ebb496c1254e3bf30e70"><input type="checkbox"><span> Infographics with % values can be quite misleading.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="8050f30da98d3756a04c22b74f33c4bb"><input type="checkbox"><span> More than half of all adults with diabetes are obese.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="3b2353aee247449a278ee25d213f7cae"><input type="checkbox"><span> 33% of obese people will get asthma</span></label></p>
<p><label class="checkbox" data-answer="3b866d118976a093836c0adb67f6ac23"><input type="checkbox"><span> Obesity results in a 150% increase in the risk of hypertension.</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>This infographics has some strange % figures which are quite misleading. The figures given are not always the same,<br>
eg. "33% more likely" is not the same as "50% of adults".</p>
<p>However it has been show in a wide range of studies that being overweight increases the risk of type II diabetes, and also of hypertension (high blood pressure)</p>
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<h3>Case 6 - Blood cholesterol and coronary heart disease.</h3>
<p>Sometimes there are conflicting claims for causes and effects of lifestyle choices and disease. Study the following two posters.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><code><iframe frameborder="0" height="350" scrolling="no" src="https://www.magzinr.com/user/D_Faure/cholesterol&view=magazine" style="overflow-x:scroll;overflow-y:hidden" width="100%"></iframe></code></p>
<p>These to posters claim different things but one thing is true in both cases. Choose the best answer in the question below.</p>
<p><strong>Cholesterol levels in the blood can:</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="123a3b0168e7f1398e265656bab90f98"><input type="radio"><span> be used as an indicator of heart disease risk.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="d5428d660f2632a4d1edae720d1224f2"><input type="radio"><span> not be shown to have any link with heart disease.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ea68c1089e7b08ce4678c881a20e7f07"><input type="radio"><span> cause heart attacks</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="902e85666e5d07c9f949f52810938b26"><input type="radio"><span> be caused by heart disease.</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Cholesterol in blood can be used as an indicator of coronary heart disease risk. </p>
<p>Some people think cholesterol causes heart disease. Others think it is simply another symptom of an underlying heart disease cause.</p>
<p>In both cases Cholesterol is a useful diagnostic tool.</p>
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<h3>Activity 3 - Revision notes</h3>
<p>Complete notes about this activity on <a href="/media/ib/biology/files/activity%20worksheets/options/opD/malnutrition-webquestions.pdf" target="_blank" title="Worksheets"><img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/exercise.png"> this Malnutrition case study notes worksheet</a>.</p>
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<h3>Teacher's notes</h3>
<p>In <strong>activity</strong> 1 the videos do not cover the IB syllabus perfectly, but their content is clearly related to the role of the hypothalamus in the control of appetite. In the second video the presenter covers many of the underlying reasons for overeating which are given as examples mentioned in the guide, but the coverage is a bit too detailed for IB students.</p>
<p><strong>Activity 2</strong> is presented as a quiz, but really it is guided reading using a few multi choice questions to check that students have understood the necessary parts of each short website page or video clip.</p>
<p><strong>Activity 3</strong> gives the students chance to make a few notes about the key points from the guide. Students will have seen the required details during the web quest, but this may be better as an activity in groups, or even as a whole class note taking activity. The teacher could model good revision note making, or students could each contribute part of the task.</p>
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