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HL Paper 1

An electric circuit has two power sources. The voltage, V1, provided by the first power source, at time t, is modelled by

V1=Re(2e3ti).

The voltage, V2, provided by the second power source is modelled by

V2=Re(5e(3t+4)i).

The total voltage in the circuit, VT, is given by

VT=V1+V2.

Find an expression for VT in the form Acos(Bt+C), where A, B and C are real constants.

[4]
a.

Hence write down the maximum voltage in the circuit.

[1]
b.



The following Argand diagram shows a circle centre 0 with a radius of 4 units.

A set of points, zθ, on the Argand plane are defined by the equation

zθ=12θeθi, where θ0.

Plot on the Argand diagram the points corresponding to

Consider the case where zθ=4.

θ=π2.

[1]
a.i.

θ=π.

[1]
a.ii.

θ=3π2.

[1]
a.iii.

Find this value of θ.

[2]
b.i.

For this value of θ, plot the approximate position of zθ on the Argand diagram.

[2]
b.ii.



The sum of the first n terms of a sequence { u n } is given by S n = 3 n 2 2 n , where n Z + .

Write down the value of u 1 .

[1]
a.

Find the value of u 6 .

[2]
b.

Prove that { u n }  is an arithmetic sequence, stating clearly its common difference.

[4]
c.



Let C ( 2 4 1 7 ) and D = ( 5 2 1 a ) .

The 2 × 2 matrix Q is such that 3Q = 2CD

Find Q.

[3]
a.

Find CD.

[4]
b.

Find D–1.

[2]
c.



Let  w = a e π 4 i , where a R + .

for a = 2,

find the values of  w 2 w 3 , and  w 4 .

[2]
a.i.

draw  w , w 2 w 3 , and  w 4 on the following Argand diagram.

[3]
a.ii.

Let z = w 2 i .

Find the value of a for which successive powers of z lie on a circle.

[2]
b.



The geometric sequence u1, u2, u3, … has common ratio r.

Consider the sequence  A = { a n = lo g 2 | u n | : n Z + } .

Show that A is an arithmetic sequence, stating its common difference d in terms of r.

[4]
a.

A particular geometric sequence has u1 = 3 and a sum to infinity of 4.

Find the value of d.

[3]
b.



Consider w=iz+1, where w, z.

Find w when

Point z on the Argand diagram can be transformed to point w by two transformations.

z=2i.

[2]
a.i.

z=1+i.

[1]
a.ii.

Describe these two transformations and give the order in which they are applied.

[3]
b.

Hence, or otherwise, find the value of z when w=2i.

[2]
c.



Let  ( b 3 7 8 ) + ( 9 5 2 7 ) = ( 4 8 a 15 ) .

Write down the value of a .

[1]
a.i.

Find the value of b .

[2]
a.ii.

Let 3 ( 4 8 2 1 ) 5 ( 2 0 q 4 ) = ( 22 24 9 23 ) .

Find the value of q .

[3]
b.



The diagram shows a sector, OAB, of a circle with centre O and radius r, such that AÔB=θ.

Sam measured the value of r to be 2cm and the value of θ to be 30°.

It is found that Sam’s measurements are accurate to only one significant figure.

Use Sam’s measurements to calculate the area of the sector. Give your answer to four significant figures.

[2]
a.

Find the upper bound and lower bound of the area of the sector.

[3]
b.

Find, with justification, the largest possible percentage error if the answer to part (a) is recorded as the area of the sector.

[3]
c.



In an arithmetic sequence, the sum of the 3rd and 8th terms is 1.

Given that the sum of the first seven terms is 35, determine the first term and the common difference.




Let A, B and C be non-singular 2×2 matrices, I the 2×2 identity matrix and k a scalar. The following statements are incorrect. For each statement, write down the correct version of the right hand side.

(A + B)2 = A2 + 2AB + B2

[2]
a.

 (A kI)3 = A3 – 3kA2 + 3k2A k3

[2]
b.

CA = B  C = B A

[2]
c.



Write down 2+5i in exponential form.

[2]
a.

An equilateral triangle is to be drawn on the Argand plane with one of the vertices at the point corresponding to 2+5i and all the vertices equidistant from 0.

Find the points that correspond to the other two vertices. Give your answers in Cartesian form.

[3]
b.



An infinite geometric sequence, with terms un, is such that u1=2 and Σk=1uk=10.

Find the common ratio, r, for the sequence.

[2]
a.

Find the least value of n such that un<12.

[3]
b.



The 1st, 4th and 8th terms of an arithmetic sequence, with common difference d , d 0 , are the first three terms of a geometric sequence, with common ratio r . Given that the 1st term of both sequences is 9 find

the value of d ;

[4]
a.

the value of r ;

[1]
b.



Consider  w = 2 ( cos π 3 + i sin π 3 )

These four points form the vertices of a quadrilateral, Q.

Express w2 and w3 in modulus-argument form.

[3]
a.i.

Sketch on an Argand diagram the points represented by w0 , w1 , w2 and w3.

[2]
a.ii.

Show that the area of the quadrilateral Q is  21 3 2 .

[3]
b.

Let z = 2 ( cos π n + i sin π n ) , n Z + . The points represented on an Argand diagram by  z 0 , z 1 , z 2 , , z n  form the vertices of a polygon  P n .

Show that the area of the polygon  P n  can be expressed in the form  a ( b n 1 ) sin π n , where  a , b R .

[6]
c.



Consider the matrices

A = ( 3 2 5 4 ) , B ( 1 3 2 2 ) .

Find BA.

[2]
a.

Calculate det (BA).

[2]
b.

 Find A(A–1B + 2A–1)A.

[3]
c.



The strength of earthquakes is measured on the Richter magnitude scale, with values typically between 0 and 8 where 8 is the most severe.

The Gutenberg–Richter equation gives the average number of earthquakes per year, N, which have a magnitude of at least M. For a particular region the equation is

log10N=a-M, for some a.

This region has an average of 100 earthquakes per year with a magnitude of at least 3.

The equation for this region can also be written as N=b10M.

Within this region the most severe earthquake recorded had a magnitude of 7.2.

The number of earthquakes in a given year with a magnitude of at least 7.2 can be modelled by a Poisson distribution, with mean N. The number of earthquakes in one year is independent of the number of earthquakes in any other year.

Let Y be the number of years between the earthquake of magnitude 7.2 and the next earthquake of at least this magnitude.

Find the value of a.

[2]
a.

Find the value of b.

[2]
b.

Find the average number of earthquakes in a year with a magnitude of at least 7.2.

[1]
c.

Find P(Y>100).

[3]
d.



Let A2 = 2A + I where A is a 2 × 2 matrix.

Show that A4 = 12A + 5I.

[3]
a.

Let B [ 4 2 1 3 ] .

Given that B2B – 4I [ k 0 0 k ] , find the value of k .

[3]
b.



The matrix A ( 1 2 0 3 1 1 2 2 1 )   has inverse A−1 =  ( 1 2 2 3 1 1 a 6 b ) .

Consider the simultaneous equations

x + 2 y = 7

3 x + y z = 10

2 x 2 y + z = 12

Write down the value of a .

[1]
a.i.

Write down the value of b .

[1]
a.ii.

Write these equations as a matrix equation.

[1]
b.

Solve the matrix equation.

[3]
c.



Let A = ( 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 2 ) D = ( 4 13 7 2 7 4 3 9 5 ) , and C = ( 5 7 10 )

Given matrices A, B, C for which AB = C and det A ≠ 0, express B in terms of A and C.

[2]
a.

Find the matrix DA.

[1]
b.i.

Find B if AB = C.

[2]
b.ii.

Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the planes  x + 2 y + 3 z = 5 2 x y + 2 z = 7 3 x 3 y + 2 z = 10 .

[2]
c.



The square matrix X is such that X3 = 0. Show that the inverse of the matrix (I X) is I + X + X2.




Let A ( 1 2 3 1 ) and B = ( 3 0 2 1 ) .

Find A + B.

[2]
a.

Find −3A

[2]
b.

Find AB.

[3]
c.



Find a relationship between a and b  if the matrices  M = ( 1 a 2 3 ) and  N = ( 1 b 2 3 )  commute under matrix multiplication.

[4]
a.

Find the value of a  if the determinant of matrix  M is −1.

 

[2]
b.i.

Write down  M 1 for this value of a .

[1]
b.ii.



If A ( x 4 4 2 ) and B ( 2 y 8 4 ) , find 2 values of x and y , given that AB = BA.




The equation of the line y=mx+c can be expressed in vector form r=a+λb.

The matrix M is defined by 6  34  2.

The line y=mx+c (where m2) is transformed into a new line using the transformation described by matrix M.

Find the vectors a and b in terms of m and/or c.

[2]
a.

Find the value of det M.

[1]
b.

Show that the equation of the resulting line does not depend on m or c.

[4]
c.



A and B  are 2 × 2 matrices, where  A = [ 5 2 2 0 ] and  B A = [ 11 2 44 8 ] . Find  B




Let A = ( 1 2 3 3 1 2 2 0 1 ) ,  B = ( 18 23 13 ) ,  and X = ( x y z ) .

Consider the equation AX = B.

Write down the inverse matrix A−1.

[2]
a.

Express X in terms of A−1 and B.

[1]
b.i.

Hence, solve for X.

[3]
b.ii.



The sum of an infinite geometric sequence is 9.

The first term is 4 more than the second term.

Find the third term. Justify your answer.




Consider the following system of equations where a R .

2 x + 4 y z = 10

x + 2 y + a z = 5

5 x + 12 y = 2 a .

Find the value of a for which the system of equations does not have a unique solution.

[2]
a.

Find the solution of the system of equations when a = 2 .

[5]
b.



An arithmetic sequence u 1 u 2 u 3 has u 1 = 1 and common difference d 0 . Given that u 2 u 3 and u 6 are the first three terms of a geometric sequence

Given that u N = 15

find the value of d .

[4]
a.

determine the value of r = 1 N u r .

[3]
b.



Find the determinant of A, where A =  ( 3 1 2 9 5 8 7 4 6 ) .




It is given that  lo g 2 y + lo g 4 x + lo g 4 2 x = 0 .

Show that lo g r 2 x = 1 2 lo g r x  where  r , x R + .

[2]
a.

Express  y in terms of  x . Give your answer in the form y = p x q , where p , q are constants.

[5]
b.

The region R, is bounded by the graph of the function found in part (b), the x-axis, and the lines  x = 1 and  x = α where  α > 1 . The area of R is  2 .

Find the value of  α .

[5]
c.



Consider the system of equations A ( x y ) = ( 2 3 ) where A  = ( k + 1 k 2 k 1 ) and k R .

Find det A.

[2]
a.

Find the set of values of k for which the system has a unique solution.

[4]
b.



The matrix A is given by  = [ a b c d ] .

The matrix B is given by B  = [ 3 2 2 3 ] .

Show that the eigenvalues of A are real if  ( a d ) 2 + 4 b c 0 .

[4]
a.i.

Deduce that the eigenvalues are real if A is symmetric.

[2]
a.ii.

Determine the eigenvalues of B.

[2]
b.i.

Determine the corresponding eigenvectors.

[4]
b.ii.



Solve  ( ln x ) 2 ( ln 2 ) ( ln x ) < 2 ( ln 2 ) 2 .




Matrices A, B and C are defined as

A = ( 1 5 1 3 1 3 9 3 7 ) B = ( 1 2 1 3 1 0 0 3 1 ) C =  ( 8 0 4 ) .

Given that AB = ( a 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a ) , find a .

[1]
a.

Hence, or otherwise, find A–1.

[2]
b.

Find the matrix X, such that AX = C.

[2]
c.



Let M ( a b b a ) where a and b are non-zero real numbers.

Show that M is non-singular.

[2]
a.

 Calculate M2.

[2]
b.

 Show that det(M2) is positive.

[2]
c.



Given the matrix A ( 3 2 1 0 ) find the values of the real number k for which det ( A k I ) = 0 where  I = ( 1 0 0 1 )

 




The matrix M=0.2  0.70.8  0.3 has eigenvalues -5 and 1.

A switch has two states, A and B. Each second it either remains in the same state or moves according to the following rule: If it is in state A it will move to state B with a probability of 0.8 and if it is in state B it will move to state A with a probability of 0.7.

Find an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue of 1. Give your answer in the form ab, where a, b.

[3]
a.

Using your answer to (a), or otherwise, find the long-term probability of the switch being in state A. Give your answer in the form cd, where c, d+.

[2]
b.



Consider the complex numbers z 1 = 1 + 3 i,  z 2 = 1 + i and w = z 1 z 2 .

By expressing z 1 and z 2 in modulus-argument form write down the modulus of w ;

[3]
a.i.

By expressing z 1 and z 2 in modulus-argument form write down the argument of w .

[1]
a.ii.

Find the smallest positive integer value of n , such that w n is a real number.

[2]
b.



Consider the matrix = ( 5 2 7 1 ) .

B, C and X are also 2 × 2 matrices.

Write down the inverse, A–1.

[2]
a.

Given that XA + B = C, express X in terms of A–1, B and C.

[2]
b.i.

Given that B = ( 6 7 5 2 ) , and C = ( 5 0 8 7 ) , find X.

[2]
b.ii.



Find the values of a and b  given that the matrix  A = ( a 4 6 8 5 7 5 3 4 )  is the inverse of the matrix B = ( 1 2 2 3 b 1 1 1 3 ) .

[2]
a.

For the values of a and b  found in part (a), solve the system of linear equations

x + 2 y 2 z = 5 3 x + b y + z = 0 x + y 3 z = a 1.

[2]
b.



The function f : MM where M is the set of 2 × 2 matrices, is given by f(X) = AX where A is a 2 × 2 matrix.

Given that A is non-singular, prove that f is a bijection.

[7]
a.

It is now given that A is singular.

By considering appropriate determinants, prove that f is not a bijection.

[4]
b.



Let z = 1 cos 2 θ i sin 2 θ ,   z C ,   0 θ π .

Solve 2 sin ( x + 60 ) = cos ( x + 30 ) ,   0 x 180 .

[5]
a.

Show that sin 105 + cos 105 = 1 2 .

[3]
b.

Find the modulus and argument of z in terms of θ . Express each answer in its simplest form.

[9]
c.i.

Hence find the cube roots of z  in modulus-argument form.

[5]
c.ii.



Find the solution of log 2 x log 2 5 = 2 + log 2 3 .




Write down the inverse of the matrix

A ( 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 5 3 )

[2]
a.

Hence, find the point of intersection of the three planes.

x 3 y + z = 1 2 x + 2 y z = 2 x 5 y + 3 z = 3

[3]
b.

A fourth plane with equation x + y + z = d  passes through the point of intersection. Find the value of d .

[1]
c.



Let A ( 3 2 k 4 ) and B = ( 2 2 1 3 ) . Find, in terms of k ,

2B.

[3]
a.

det (2B).

[3]
b.



The square matrix X is such that X3 = 0. Show that the inverse of the matrix (I X) is I + X + X2.




It is given that z1=3 cis3π4 and z2=2 cisnπ16, n+.

In parts (a)(i) and (a)(ii), give your answers in the form reiθ, r0, π<θπ.

Find the value of z13.

[2]
a.i.

Find the value of z1z24 for n=2.

[3]
a.ii.

Find the least value of n such that z1z2+.

[3]
b.



Given that A ( 3 2 3 4 )  and I = ( 1 0 0 1 ) , find the values of λ for which (A λ I) is a singular matrix.




Find the inverse of the matrix ( 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 ) .

[2]
a.

Hence solve the system of equations

x + 2 y + z = 0

x + y + 2 z = 7

2 x + y + z = 17

[4]
b.



Given that A ( 2 3 1 2 ) and B = ( 2 0 0 3 ) , find X if BX = A AB.

 




The matrix A is given by A=abcd.

By considering the determinant of a relevant matrix, show that the eigenvalues, λ, of A satisfy the equation

λ2-αλ+β=0,

where α and β are functions of a, b, c, d to be determined.

[4]
a.

Verify that

A2-αA+βI=0.

[5]
b.i.

Assuming that A is non-singular, use the result in part (b)(i) to show that

A-1=1βαI-A.

[2]
b.ii.



Roger buys a new laptop for himself at a cost of £495. At the same time, he buys his daughter Chloe a higher specification laptop at a cost of £2200.

It is anticipated that Roger’s laptop will depreciate at a rate of 10% per year, whereas Chloe’s laptop will depreciate at a rate of 15% per year.

Roger and Chloe’s laptops will have the same value k years after they were purchased.

Estimate the value of Roger’s laptop after 5 years.

[2]
a.

Find the value of k.

[2]
b.

Comment on the validity of your answer to part (b).

[1]
c.



Let A ( 1 x 1 3 1 4 ) and B = ( 3 x 2 ) .

Find AB.

[3]
a.

The matrix C ( 20 28 ) and 2AB = C. Find the value of x .

[3]
b.



A meteorologist models the height of a hot air balloon launched from the ground. The model assumes the balloon travels vertically upwards and travels 450 metres in the first minute.

Due to the decrease in temperature as the balloon rises, the balloon will continually slow down. The model suggests that each minute the balloon will travel only 82% of the distance travelled in the previous minute.

Find how high the balloon will travel in the first 10 minutes after it is launched.

[3]
a.

The balloon is required to reach a height of at least 2520 metres.

Determine whether it will reach this height.

[2]
b.

Suggest a limitation of the given model.

[1]
c.



Consider the matrix A = ( 0 2 a 1 ) .

Find the matrix A2.

[2]
a.

If det A2 = 16, determine the possible values of a .

[3]
b.



Consider the matrix = ( e x e x 2 + e x 1 ) , where x R .

Find the value of x for which A is singular.




The matrices A, B, C and X are all non-singular 3 × 3 matrices.

Given that A1XB = C, express X in terms of the other matrices.




If A = ( 1 2 k 1 ) and A2 is a matrix whose entries are all 0, find k .




Given that M = ( 2 1 3 4 )  and that M2  6M + kI = 0 find k.




In the following Argand diagram the point A represents the complex number 1 + 4 i and the point B represents the complex number 3 + 0 i . The shape of ABCD is a square. Determine the complex numbers represented by the points C and D.

M17/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ2/05




Find the values of the real number k for which the determinant of the matrix  ( k 4 3 2 k + 1 ) is equal to zero.




If  A = ( 2 p 3 4 p p ) and det  A = 14 , find the possible values of  p .




Solve the equation 4 x + 2 x + 2 = 3 .




Solve the equation log 2 ( x + 3 ) + log 2 ( x 3 ) = 4 .




The rate, A , of a chemical reaction at a fixed temperature is related to the concentration of two compounds, B and C , by the equation

A = k B x C y , where  x y , k R .

A scientist measures the three variables three times during the reaction and obtains the following values.

Find x , y and k .