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<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="diary-private-journal" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">Diary (private) / journal</h1>
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<div class="greenBg"><h3>KEY FEATURES</h3><p><span style="color:#006400;"><u><strong>context, audience, purpose</strong></u> - </span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* the overall context may be assumed to be the writer's own life - but the question will probably set some particular situation around which the entry should be invented e.g. 'you have had an argument with a good friend'. (In exams, whether or not the "writer's own life" is the student's real one, or is completely invented, does not matter at all - it merely has to be credible.)</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* the question of 'audience' is the key distinction perceived by IB between 'diary' and 'journal' - a diary is assumed to be <strong>essentially private</strong> i.e. written for the author's eyes only; whereas a journal may be written for <strong>possibly public</strong> reading (e.g. a scientist's journal of experiments and data-collection).</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* the purpose will generally be to '<u>record</u>' some experiences of personal significance - but what sorts of experiences are required will be indicated in the question. One way of stating the distinction between the two text types is that a diary is anecdotal (dealing with intimate personal feelings) while a journal is intellectual (dealing with personal reactions to more public concepts and arguments).</p><p><span style="color:#006400;"><u><strong>register and tone</strong></u> - </span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* will use a generally informal register</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* the tone will be personal, frank and open - e.g. emotions may be described clearly and with feeling</p><p><span style="color:#006400;"><u><strong>conventions</strong></u> - </span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* will use first person narration</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* will have a closing statement to round off the entry</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* will avoid self-evident explanatory phrases or sentences, e.g. will use “I saw Alicia”, not “I saw Alicia, my best friend”</p><p style="margin-left: 80px;">* will include the date and/or day</p><div class="yellowBg"><h4><span style="color:#FF0000;">Appropriate?</span></h4><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">A <strong>Diary (private) / Journal</strong> will be appropriate if the task requires you to express your personal thoughts and feelings: to reflect on some situation of your life. This sort of writing is essentially private - normally, you don't expect to publish what you write and make your thoughts public. So, the audience is yourself, and the purpose is to clarify your own thoughts.</span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em>Not to be confused with...</em></span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">... '<strong><em>email</em>'</strong> or <em><strong>'blog'</strong></em> ... </span><span style="color:#FF0000;">An<em> 'email'</em> is not private, but is usually restricted to the person to whom you are writing. You want to share your personal thoughts and feelings, perhaps about something that has just happened to you, but only through a private conversation limited to a friend. A <em>'blog' </em>is essentially a very public sort of journal - you intend to present some of your personal ideas in a lively entertaining way to a general, undefined audience. You want to entertain, and hook your (unknown) audience by your interesting, even provocative, opinions and experiences.</span></p></div></div><h4>But what exactly <em>is</em> a 'diary'?</h4><p>While the diary is a text type which has been around forever, the blog is an extremely recent type of text. To be more precise, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diary">Wikipedia 'diary' entry</a> claims that Marcus Aurelius' 'Meditations' (second century AD) is the first recognisable diary - while <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_diary">Wikipedia on 'online diaries' </a> cites Claudio Pinhanez's "Open Diary" as the first blog in 1994.</p><p>But is a diary the same thing as a blog ? A distinction: both text types typically present personal experience and comment, but a blog is more of a <strong>public statement</strong>, whereas a diary is more of a<strong> private reflection</strong>.<em><strong> </strong></em>Beyond that, there is a problem:<em><strong> </strong>are</em> there conventions for the relatively new blog - or for the anarchically personal diary ?</p><div class="pinkBg"><h4><span style="color:#4B0082;">And what about the 'journal'...?</span></h4><p>The arrival of the new Subject Guide 2018 has introduced the 'journal entry' as a newly significant text type. My understanding (in October 2018) is that the 'journal entry' is likely to appear in future Written Production Paper 1s ... but what exactly is a 'journal entry'?</p><p>I found the following online (I find that I carelessly didn't copy the site address)...</p><div class="yellowBg"><p><strong>noun</strong></p><p>1A ... newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or professional activity.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">‘medical journals’ ; in names ‘the Wall Street Journal’</p><p>2A ... daily record of news and events of a personal nature; a diary.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">‘while abroad he had kept a journal’</p><p>2.1 ... <em>Nautical</em> A logbook.</p><p>2.2 ... the Journals - A record of the daily proceedings in the Houses of Parliament.</p><p>2.3 ... (in bookkeeping) a daily record of business transactions with a statement of the accounts to which each is to be debited and credited.</p><p><u><strong>Examples</strong></u> (notice how these selected samples emphasise the recording of practical information)</p><p style="margin-left:18.0pt;"><em>‘Put your goals on paper and keep a running journal.’</em></p><p style="margin-left:18.0pt;"><em>‘Vicki sighed and traced his phone number in her journal with her mechanical pencil.’</em></p><p style="margin-left:18.0pt;"><em>‘I was probably now just a little page in her journal of boyfriends.’</em></p><p style="margin-left:18.0pt;"><em>‘During World War Two, military personnel were strictly forbidden to keep journals or diaries.’</em></p><p style="margin-left:18.0pt;"><em>‘The journal is a little treasure chest of data about your data.’</em></p></div><p>I am not aware of an official IB definition (no more than there are official definitions of any of the other text types), and so I propose to define the 'journal entry' more fully in this page when discussion among examiners has provided something solid on which to base such a definition. So watch this space...</p><p>However, in the meantime, I think it is possible to make basic distinctions between the following related and overlapping text types:-</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>Journal entry</strong> = private writing about the development of one's own <u>ideas</u> - <em>as opposed to...</em></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>Diary entry</strong> = private writing reflecting on the <u>events</u> of one's own life and times</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>Blog</strong> = public writing discussing ideas in a lively and provocative way <u>in order to promote debat</u>e ... and to attract audience of course (opinion is primary)</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>Article</strong> (online or not) = public writing explaining ideas <u>in order to inform</u> the public (opinion is secondary)</p><p>These are just my own personal distinctions, but I would argue that they are substantially true.</p><div class="dottedBox"><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em><strong>In addition</strong></em></span>, have a look at the discussion with Santiago Ordejón at the bottom of this page. Essentially, I point out that (i) the use of the slash (/) seems to indicate that diary/journal are just two different names for the same type of text; and (ii) the conventions required are the same for both variants.</p></div></div><h3>Format and Approach discussed</h3><p><u><em><strong>Basic Format</strong></em></u></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>- Heading</em> : a diary entry will use include a date; or dates, if multiple entries ('Dear Diary' is unbelievable!)</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>- Conclusion</em> : there is nothing conventional to end a diary entry (possibly something along the lines of "more tomorrow"?)</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">- Lucid paragraphing : </span></em><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">While one can think of real examples of diaries which ignore basic paragraphing, students writing an exam script should be expected to show that they understand that sensible paragraphing aids clarity.</span></p><p><u><em><strong>Approach</strong></em></u></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>> address</em> : being essentially private, diaries have no convention of address, but the best examples give a sense of the writer conversing with himself / herself (<em>"As usual, I'm thinking of..."; "Why do I always..."</em>)</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>> register </em>: <span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">informality enriched with sophistication - since diaries are personal, some informality can be expected in register and rhetoric, but higher marks will go to exam scripts which combine colloquialism with dashes of complex phrasing and effects.</span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> <em>organisation</em> - What should govern the effective organisation of a diary?</span></p><p style="margin-left: 80px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">- even if a <em>diary</em> is a (more) private reflection, an exam script can still be expected to show a clear and organised flow of ideas. This may include :-</span></p><p style="margin-left: 120px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> control of narration – the diary is usually set to address a narrative of some sort, so effective explanation and control of the events is expected</span></p><p style="margin-left: 120px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> narration plus comment – what distinguishes the diary from other forms of narrative is that the diarist reflects on the events and draws personal conclusions.</span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> <em>style</em> - </span>the three aspects described above all add up to the notion that a good diary should have a recognisable and expressive personal style. Put another way, this means a recognisable and engaging 'voice' - see the page <a href="../16632/developing-voice.html" title="Teaching Skills » Teaching Writing » Writing skills » Developing 'voice'">Developing 'voice'</a> for further ideas about this.</p><h4>Relevant writing purposes</h4><p>Given that blogs and diaries can deal with practically anything, all the writing purposes might apply, but if we accept that ...</p><p>... a<em> diary </em>is most often about reflection on personal experience, then <a href="../1234/narration.html" title="Teaching Skills » Teaching Writing » Writing purposes » Narration">Narration</a> and <a href="../1233/description.html" title="Teaching Skills » Teaching Writing » Writing purposes » Description">Description</a> will be primarily useful, with <a href="../1238/argument.html" title="Teaching Skills » Teaching Writing » Writing purposes » Argument">Argument</a> following closely</p><div class="blueBg"><h3>Materials & models</h3><p><strong>> Diary:</strong> <a href="../43600/lively-diary-entry.html" title="Writing » Text type expectations » Diary (private) / journal » Lively diary entry">Lively diary entry</a> ... an example of student writing, lively and effective, thus acting as a good model of the sort of approach and style expected ... comes with a 'new-style' writing task, and so could promote interesting practice in handling the text type</p><p><strong>> Diary: </strong> <a href="../28393/about-a-diary.html" title="Writing » Text type expectations » Diary (private) / journal » About a diary">About a diary</a> ... extract from a sophisticated autobiography, recounting the significance of the author's diary ... raises the issues of why people write diaries, and what effect such a diary might have</p><p><strong>> </strong> <a href="../46061/diary-essay.html" title="Writing » Text type expectations » Essay » Diary Essay">Diary Essay</a> ... most useful as a model of a well-structured essay, but the subject matter - "advantages and disadvantages of keeping a diary' - raises some useful questions about diaries...</p><p><strong>> Diary: </strong> <a href="../1395/bullfight-afternoon.html" title="Teaching Skills » Teaching Writing » Description » Evocative » Bullfight afternoon">Bullfight afternoon</a> <strong> </strong>... elegantly-handled student writing, evoking a precise and representative moment ... could serve as models for either diary or writing narrative</p><p><strong>> Diary:</strong> <a href="../18476/sydney-sleep.html" title="Teaching Skills » Teaching Writing » Writing purposes » Description » Sydney & sleep">Sydney & sleep</a> ... two short texts which are not originally diary entries as such, but which illustrate how to write up observation vividly (the 'Sydney' text), and how to tell an entertaining anecdote (the 'sleep' text)</p></div><div class="yellowBg"><h3>Suggested 'new style' exam tasks</h3><p><span style="color:#006400;"><em>The following are possible adaptations of some of the 'old style' tasks listed below. Each provides three optional text types, arranged in the order of (i) appropriate; (ii) generally appropriate; (iii) inappropriate - if you use them, clearly, you should randomise the choices.</em></span></p><p><span style="color:#006400;"><em>Two versions are presented: one for HL, with three required elements, and one for SL, with two required elements.</em></span></p><hr class="hidden"><p>(HL) For the last two days, the town you live in has lost electricity completely! This has been an impressive experience for you and you want to reflect on it. Write a text in which you describe what aspects of life were affected by the lack of electricity, how you personally responded to these effects, and explain what lessons you would learn from the experience.</p><p style="text-align: center;">(i) Diary (private) .... (ii) Letter to the editor .... (iii) Personal statement / cover letter</p><p>(SL) For the last two days, the town you live in has lost electricity completely! This has been an impressive experience for you and you want to reflect on it. Write a text in which you describe what aspects of life were affected by the lack of electricity, and how you personally responded to these effects.</p><p style="text-align: center;">(i) Diary (private) .... (ii) Letter to the editor .... (iii) Personal statement / cover letter</p><p>*******</p><p>(HL) You have been attending a conference on the difficulties faced by communities trying to maintain customs and traditions in a rapidly changing world. You have been very struck by some of the ideas presented at the event, and wish to write a text in order to work out exactly what you think. You should describe two or three of the most important questions raised, discuss the arguments involved, and then decide what overall conclusions you might reach.</p><p style="text-align: center;">(i) Diary (private) .... (ii) Blog .... 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(SL N13)</p><p>While on a school exchange in an English-speaking country, you attended a conference on the difficulties faced by communities trying to maintain customs and traditions in a rapidly changing world. Write a diary entry in which you record and reflect on the ideas presented at the event. (HL N17)</p><p>You are on a school exchange in an English-speaking country with one of your friends. Although you are enjoying the experience, your friend feels left out because they feel different from their peers. Write a diary entry reflecting on this situation and considering ways in which you can help them. (SL M18)</p></div><p>.</p><script>document.querySelectorAll('.tib-teacher-only').forEach(e => e.remove());</script>
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