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<h1 class="section-title"> Report (official)</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../index.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Writing </span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Text type expectations </span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active"> Report (official)</span></li></ul>
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<div class="greenBg"><h3>KEY FEATURES</h3><p><span style="color:#006400;"><u><strong>context, audience, purpose</strong></u> - </span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* the basic context will be explained in the question - and the student will then have to invent the details of the report, expanding on the basic background provided.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* the audience will, again, be specified in the question i.e. the specific person or group of people who have asked for the report. Ideally, information should be given in the question about why the report is needed, and what kind of information is expected.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* the fundamental purpose is to provide an objective, reliable account of some situation or event - methodically, clearly and efficiently. Personal and subjective reactions would not be considered appropriate.</p><p><span style="color:#006400;"><u><strong>register and tone</strong></u> - </span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* will adopt a generally formal register</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* will have a tone which aims to be impersonally authoritative</p><p><span style="color:#006400;"><u><strong>conventions</strong></u> - </span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* will have a title</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* will use a neutral/objective style (eg presents ideas and facts plainly)</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">* will have a clearly structured layout (eg a clear introduction, sub-headings, short brief paragraphs/sections, etc)</p><p style="margin-left: 80px;">* will have a conclusion; or a recommendation if this has been required.</p><p style="margin-left: 80px;"><span style="color:#4B0082;"><em><strong>NOTE: </strong> an official report may be presented within the framework of a letter / email - provided the features above are present.</em></span></p><div class="yellowBg"><h4><span style="color:#FF0000;">Appropriate?</span></h4><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="color:#FF0000;">A <strong>report (official)</strong> will be appropriate if the task requires you </span> to describe a particular <u>situation</u>, and explain how and why that situation exists - its causes, its logic, and its positive and negative consequences.</span><span style="color:#FF0000;"> The audience is likely to be those who are involved in the situation, particularly if they have responsibility for making decisions about it. </span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em>Not to be confused with...</em></span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">... <em><strong>'article'</strong></em> or '<strong><em>news report </em>'</strong> or <em><strong>'blog'</strong></em> ... <span style="color:#FF0000;">An '<em>article'</em> is intended to present detailed and interesting information about a defined <u>general subject</u>; and the information should be explained in a clear, fair and reasonably objective way (<span style="color:#FF0000;">the journalist has a '<span style="color:#FF0000;">duty to inform')</span></span>.</span> </span><span style="color:#FF0000;">A <em>'news report'</em><span style="color:#FF0000;"> to inform in a clear and objective way on the facts of a specific <u>event</u>, or set of events - it is not concerned with the overall picture, or the broader context or background, as a good article might be. </span> </span><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="color:#FF0000;">A <em>'blog' </em>is intended to present a set of your personal <u>experiences or ideas</u> in a lively entertaining way to a general, undefined audience - who you want to hook by your interesting, even provocative, opinions and experiences, so you don't have to be fair and objective. </span></span></p></div></div><h3>Format and Approach discussed</h3><p>The essence of this text type is the ability to present a clear explanation of a given subject – which involves (i) analysis, (ii) summary and (iii) organisation. What is meant by 'official' would presumably be defined in the question / task, but the fundamental skill in handling this text type must be to organise explanation in a cool, objective, lucidly logical way.</p><p>The key to handling an Official Report (as with a Proposal, actually) is to emphasise the clear and methodical structure of the ideas presented through careful and helpful use of conventions such as headings, numbered paragraphs, etc. It should be easy to direct attention to any precise point in the text by referring to e.g. "Have a look at section 2.1.3..."</p><p><u><em><strong>Basic Format</strong></em></u></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>- overall subject title</em></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>- main headings</em></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>- sub-headings, bullet points, numbered sections</em></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>- explicit clear organisation</em> : determined by the precise nature of the task, but these main elements should probably be recognisable :</p><p style="margin-left: 80px;">background … overall description … description of important details … concluding summary.</p><p><u><em><strong>Approach</strong></em></u></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><em>> register : </em> use of (basically) formal language</span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><em>> 'address':</em> How well does the script direct the information to a specific audience?</span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">> <em>'audience'</em> : What does the audience <u>not</u> know - and therefore need to know - and why ?</p><h4><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Relevant writing purposes</span></h4><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">The two fundamental purpose-skills needed here are </span> <a href="../1233/description.html" title="Teaching Skills » Teaching Writing » Writing purposes » Description">Description</a> (especially methodical factual description), and <a href="../1237/explanation.html" title="Teaching Skills » Teaching Writing » Writing purposes » Explanation">Explanation</a> (especially the use of lucid and coherent sequences as in sets of instructions). <a href="../1238/argument.html" title="Teaching Skills » Teaching Writing » Writing purposes » Argument">Argument</a> is likely to be secondary, in that one is mainly interested in presenting facts rather than interpretations ... in contrast with the Proposal text type, in which <a href="../1238/argument.html" title="Teaching Skills » Teaching Writing » Writing purposes » Argument">Argument</a> is primary.</p><div class="yellowBg"><h3>Suggested 'new style' exam tasks</h3><p><span style="color:#006400;"><em>The following are possible adaptations of some of the 'old style' tasks listed below. Each provides three optional text types, arranged in the order of (i) appropriate; (ii) generally appropriate; (iii) inappropriate - if you use them, clearly, you should randomise the choices.</em></span></p><p><span style="color:#006400;"><em>Two versions are presented: one for HL, with three required elements, and one for SL, with two required elements.</em></span></p><hr class="hidden"><p>(HL) Every year your school organizes an excursion to an English-speaking country to learn about its way of life, and its customs and traditions. However, the cultural element of the trip this year was weak and boring. As a senior student who has been on three of these excursions, you are well able to compare them. Write a text which describes the limited experience of the country's way of life, contrasts these with the different experiences in previous years, and explains why the previous experiences were more interesting and stimulating.</p><p style="text-align: center;">(i) Report (official) .... (ii) Review .... (iii) Article</p><p>(SL) Every year your school organizes an excursion to an English-speaking country to learn about its way of life, and its customs and traditions. However, the cultural element of the trip this year was weak and boring. As a senior student who has been on three of these excursions, you are well able to compare them. Write a text which describes the limited experience of the country's way of life, and contrasts these with the different experiences in previous years.</p><p style="text-align: center;">(i) Report (official) .... (ii) Review .... (iii) Article</p><p>*******</p><p>(HL) The senior management of your school would like to know how technology is being used to help learning in each class. You have been asked to provide information about your English B class. Write a text in which you describe the different ways that technology is currently used in this class, and explain whether or not each technique is popular, and also to what extent it is benefiting learning.</p><p style="text-align: center;">(i) Report (official) .... (ii) News report .... (iii) Blog</p><p>(SL) The senior management of your school would like to know how technology is being used to help learning in each class. You have been asked to provide information about your English B class. Write a text in which you describe the different ways that technology is currently used in this class, and explain to what extent it is benefiting learning.</p><p style="text-align: center;">(i) Report (official) .... (ii) News report .... (iii) Blog</p></div><div class="pinkBg"><h3>Recent exam tasks ('old' style)</h3><p>You took part in an exchange programme to an English-speaking country and participated in a typical outdoor or sport activity. Write a report for the head of your school describing the activity you took part in and explaining how this could benefit the outdoor or sport activity programme at your school. (SL M16)</p><p>Every year your school organizes an excursion to an English-speaking country to learn about its customs and traditions. However, the trip this year lacked the cultural element. Write a report of the trip for the school management, explaining why you felt the cultural aspects were missing and suggesting some changes for future excursions. (SL M17)</p><p>Your Principal would like to know how technology is being used to help learning in each class at your school. You have been asked to write a report on your English B class. Write the report, giving information about how technology is currently used in this class, and to what extent it is benefiting learning. (SL M18)</p><p>Your local government has recently banned all petrol and diesel vehicles from your city centre, allowing access only to electric vehicles. As a local resident, you have been invited to give feedback on this scheme by submitting a report. Write the report, describing the impact this scheme has had on the community, and suggesting modifications. (HL N18)</p><p>A travel agency where you work part-time has asked you to stay in a new “eco-friendly” hotel in your town and to report on your experience. Write a report for the agency describing the hotel and their services, and whether you would recommend the hotel as an “eco-friendly” hotel. (SL N19)</p></div><script>document.querySelectorAll('.tib-teacher-only').forEach(e => e.remove());</script>
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