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fa-caret-right"></i></a><a href="../1065/statistics-and-probability.html">Statistics and Probability</a></label><ul class="side-nav level-1"><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2188/41-statistical-concepts.html">4.1 Statistical concepts</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2099/42-43-cumulative-frequency-box-plots-.html">4.2 & 4.3 Cumulative Frequency & Box Plots </a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2189/43-central-tendency-and-dispersion.html">4.3 Central tendency and Dispersion</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2266/44-bivariate-data-linear-correlation.html">4.4 Bivariate data & Linear Correlation</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2258/45-46-probability.html">4.5 & 4.6 Probability</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2190/47-discrete-random-variables.html">4.7 Discrete random variables</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2403/48-binomial-distribution.html">4.8 Binomial Distribution</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2191/49-normal-distribution.html">4.9 Normal Distribution</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2407/410-spearmans-rank-correlation-coefficient.html">4.10 Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2259/411-chi-squared-independence-tests.html">4.11 Chi Squared Independence tests</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2413/411-chi-squared-goodness-of-fit-and-the-t-test.html">4.11 Chi Squared Goodness of Fit and the T-Test</a></label></li></ul></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><a class="expander" href="#" style="font-size: .9em"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i></a><a href="../1078/calculus.html">Calculus</a></label><ul class="side-nav level-1"><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2400/51-53-introduction-to-calculus.html">5.1 & 5.3 Introduction to Calculus</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2401/52-54-tangents-normals-and-the-second-derivative.html">5.2 & 5.4 Tangents, normals and the second derivative</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2402/56-57-stationary-points-and-optimisation.html">5.6 & 5.7 Stationary Points and Optimisation</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2197/55-58-integration-and-trapezoidal-rule.html">5.5 & 5.8 Integration and Trapezoidal rule</a></label></li></ul></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><a class="expander" href="#" style="font-size: .9em"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i></a><a href="../2800/pre-ib-preparation-.html">Pre-IB Preparation </a></label><ul class="side-nav level-1"><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2812/pre-ib-weekly-quiz-1.html">Pre-IB Weekly Quiz 1</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2814/pre-ib-weekly-quiz-2.html">Pre IB Weekly Quiz 2</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2815/pre-ib-weekly-quiz-3.html">Pre-IB Weekly Quiz 3</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2819/pre-ib-weekly-quiz-4.html">Pre-IB Weekly Quiz 4</a></label></li></ul></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><a class="expander" href="#" style="font-size: .9em"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i></a><a href="../1082/exams-assessment.html">Exams & Assessment</a></label><ul class="side-nav level-1"><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../1083/ia-technology.html">IA & technology</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../1085/exam-advice.html">Exam Advice</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../1084/sixes-sevens.html">Sixes & sevens</a></label></li></ul></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2928/for-teachers.html">For Teachers</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Number and Algebra <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="1057" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../mathsapplications.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i> Home</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Number and Algebra</span></li> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <div class="greyBg"> <h2><img alt="" src="../../images/number-and-algebra-pic.jpg" style="width: 150px; height: 161px; float: left;">Numbers and the world around us!</h2> <p>In this section of the syllabus, we have topics about the number systems and notation that we use to describe the world around us, the notions of accuracy, estimation and percentage error and sequences which cross over with the <a href="../1061/functions.html" title="Functions">Functions</a> and Modelling section. How much of what know about the size of is an estimation? How accurate does an estimation need to be before it has value? How and why do we work with really big and really small numbers? How do things grow or shrink over time if they follow patterns of growing by the same amount of the same multiple each time? For example how can we estimate the spread of infectious diseases?</p> </div> <h2>What is in this section?</h2> <div class="index-list"> <div class="item"> <div class="bg-cover cover-96" onclick="window.location='/mathsapplications/page/2117/11-standard-index-form-'" style="background-image: url('../../atom.png')" title="1.1 Standard Index Form "> </div> <div class="content"> <h4 class="head"><a href="../2117/11-standard-index-form-.html">1.1 Standard Index Form </a></h4> <p class="body">This is a small sup-topic to introduce or recap numbers in standard form. We will learn how to convert between numbers in standard form and base form, alongside learning how to operate with this succinct and helpful way to express numbers. </p> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="bg-cover cover-96" onclick="window.location='/mathsapplications/page/2262/12-arithmetic-sequences-and-series'" style="background-image: url('../../files/NA/AS.jpg')" title="1.2 Arithmetic Sequences and Series"> </div> <div class="content"> <h4 class="head"><a href="../2262/12-arithmetic-sequences-and-series.html">1.2 Arithmetic Sequences and Series</a></h4> <p class="body">These are sequences where the difference from one term to the next remains constant, like the one in the title! Arithmetic sequences crop up in all sorts of places and this unit looks at understanding how to generalise, sum and solve problems...</p> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="bg-cover cover-96" onclick="window.location='/mathsapplications/page/2203/13-geometric-sequences'" style="background-image: url('../../files/NA/GS/GS.jpg')" title="1.3 Geometric Sequences"> </div> <div class="content"> <h4 class="head"><a href="../2203/13-geometric-sequences.html">1.3 Geometric Sequences</a></h4> <p class="body">These are sequences where you go from term to term by multiplying by a common ratio. The one in the title has a common ratio of 3 because each term is 3 times bigger than the previous one. Geometric sequences grow exponentially and should be...</p> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="bg-cover cover-96" onclick="window.location='/mathsapplications/page/2121/16-accuracy-and-estimation'" style="background-image: url('../../football-crowd.png')" title="1.6 Accuracy and Estimation"> </div> <div class="content"> <h4 class="head"><a href="../2121/16-accuracy-and-estimation.html">1.6 Accuracy and Estimation</a></h4> <p class="body">Accuracy and Estimation When numbers are reported in the news, or as statistical results, they are either displayed exactly, or they are rounded to a certain degree of accuracy. Understanding how and when to do this can give us a deeper insight...</p> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="bg-cover cover-96" onclick="window.location='/mathsapplications/page/1058/prior-knowledge-sets-of-numbers'" style="background-image: url('../../files/NA/Setsofnumbers/SN.jpg')" title="Prior Knowledge - Sets of Numbers"> </div> <div class="content"> <h4 class="head"><a href="../1058/prior-knowledge-sets-of-numbers.html">Prior Knowledge - Sets of Numbers</a></h4> <p class="body">This sub topic is about the 4 key sets of numbers that define our number system. Natural numbers, Integers, Rational numbers and Real numbers. This section starts by taking you through the concept of number sets, starting with sets that we...</p> </div> </div> </div> <h2>Key Questions</h2> <p>The following are list of key questions that you might be asking about these topics with links to the places where you can get the answers! </p> <h2>How do you round to 3 significant figures?</h2> <p>In this IB course, we are most often expected to round our answers to three significant figures. Learn how: <a href="../2121/16-accuracy-and-estimation.html" title="1.6 Accuracy and Estimation">1.6 Accuracy and Estimation</a></p> <h2>What is percentage error?</h2> <p>There is a big difference between percentage error and absolute error - it can tell us a lot more about the world! Find out how to calculate it. <a href="../2121/16-accuracy-and-estimation.html" title="1.6 Accuracy and Estimation">1.6 Accuracy and Estimation</a></p> <h2>How do you write in standard form?</h2> <p>Standard form is used to express very large or very small numbers, and it is important that we can work out what it means and calculate with it. Practice these skills here: <a href="../2117/11-standard-index-form-.html" title="1.1 Standard Index Form ">1.1 Standard Index Form </a></p> <h2>What is an arithmetic sequence?</h2> <p>An arithmetic sequence is one which changes in a linear fashion. It exists in plenty of real life situations and we can use our understanding of it to solve many problems! <a href="../1059/arithmetic-sequences.html" title="Arithmetic Sequences">F</a>ind out more: <a href="../2262/12-arithmetic-sequences.html" title="1.2 Arithmetic Sequences">1.2 Arithmetic Sequences</a></p> <h2>How do you know if a sequence is geometric?</h2> <p>A sequence is geometric if it has a common ratio between terms. They are find frequently when looking at financial situations and many more! Learn all about them: <a href="../2203/13-geometric-sequences.html" title="1.3 Geometric Sequences">1.3 Geometric Sequences</a></p> <hr class="thin"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"><br><ul class="resources"><li class="resource-item"><div class="img-container"><img class="thumb thumb-cover" src="../../atom.png"></div><div class="media-body"><h4 style="font-size: 19px;"><a class="text-normal" href="../2117/11-standard-index-form-.html">1.1 Standard Index Form </a></h4><p class="body">This is a small sup-topic to introduce or recap numbers in standard form. We will learn how to convert between numbers in standard form and base form, alongside learning how to operate with this succinct and helpful way to express numbers. </p></div></li><li class="resource-item"><div class="img-container"><img class="thumb thumb-cover" src="../../files/NA/AS.jpg"></div><div class="media-body"><h4 style="font-size: 19px;"><a class="text-normal" href="../2262/12-arithmetic-sequences-and-series.html">1.2 Arithmetic Sequences and Series</a></h4><p class="body">These are sequences where the difference from one term to the next remains constant, like the one in the title! Arithmetic sequences crop up in all sorts of places and this unit looks at understanding how to generalise, sum and solve problems...</p></div></li><li class="resource-item"><div class="img-container"><img class="thumb thumb-cover" src="../../files/NA/GS/GS.jpg"></div><div class="media-body"><h4 style="font-size: 19px;"><a class="text-normal" href="../2203/13-geometric-sequences-and-series.html">1.3 Geometric Sequences and Series</a></h4><p class="body">These are sequences where you go from term to term by multiplying by a common ratio. The one in the title has a common ratio of 3 because each term is 3 times bigger than the previous one. Geometric sequences grow exponentially and should be...</p></div></li><li class="resource-item"><div class="img-container"><img class="thumb thumb-cover" src="../../files/NA/finance/money.gif"></div><div class="media-body"><h4 style="font-size: 19px;"><a class="text-normal" href="../2786/14-17-compound-interest-loans-and-annuities.html">1.4 & 1.7 Compound Interest, Loans and Annuities</a></h4><p class="body">This chapter explores the financial application of geometric sequences in the form of compound interest calculations. It then goes on to look at loans and annuities where payments at regular intervals make for some complex algorithms. The finance app on y</p></div></li><li class="resource-item"><div class="img-container"><img class="thumb thumb-cover" src="../../powers.png"></div><div class="media-body"><h4 style="font-size: 19px;"><a class="text-normal" href="../1998/15-exponents-and-logarithms.html">1.5 Exponents and Logarithms</a></h4><p class="body">Exponents The exponents of a number tell us how many times the number has been multiplied. Understanding these well, and being able to apply the laws of exponents will help us when sketching graphs, using calculus, and working with very large...</p></div></li><li class="resource-item"><div class="img-container"><img class="thumb thumb-cover" src="../../football-crowd.png"></div><div class="media-body"><h4 style="font-size: 19px;"><a class="text-normal" href="../2121/16-accuracy-and-estimation.html">1.6 Accuracy and Estimation</a></h4><p class="body">Accuracy and Estimation 1.6 When numbers are reported in the news, or as statistical results, they are either displayed exactly, or they are rounded to a certain degree of accuracy. Understanding how and when to do this can give us a deeper...</p></div></li><li class="resource-item"><div class="img-container"><img class="thumb thumb-cover" src="../../files/NA/Setsofnumbers/SN.jpg"></div><div class="media-body"><h4 style="font-size: 19px;"><a class="text-normal" href="../1058/prior-knowledge-sets-of-numbers.html">Prior Knowledge - Sets of Numbers</a></h4><p class="body">This sub topic is about the 4 key sets of numbers that define our number system. Natural numbers, Integers, Rational numbers and Real numbers. This section starts by taking you through the concept of number sets, starting with sets that we...</p></div></li></ul></div></div> <div id="modal-feedback" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title">Feedback</h4> <button type="button" class="close hidden-xs hidden-sm" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="errors"></div> <p><strong>Which of the following best describes your feedback?</strong></p> <form method="post" style="overflow: hidden"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="radio"><label style="color: #121212;"><input type="radio" name="feedback-type" value="Recommendation"> Recommend</label></div><div class="radio"><label style="color: #121212;"><input type="radio" name="feedback-type" value="Problem"> Report a problem</label></div><div class="radio"><label 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