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style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Stereoisomerism <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="913" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../chemistry.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../342/organic-chemistry.html">Organic Chemistry</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Stereoisomerism</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 45 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 45'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/organic-chemistry/enantiomers-1.jpg" style="width: 160px; height: 122px; float: left;">Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of the atoms. Structural isomers (see <em>Fundamentals of organic chemistry 10.1</em>) have different arrangements of the bonds in the molecule. Stereoisomers have the same bonds, but different arrangements of the atoms in three-dimensional space. This is a short section, but there is a lot of new vocabulary to get the head around.</p> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Ensure you are confident using the terms below and learn the asterisked* definitions</p> <p>Cis or Z (zusammen) isomers, Trans or E (entgegen) isomers, <strong>Enantiomers*</strong>, <strong>A chiral carbon (chiral centre)*</strong>, Optical activity, <strong>A racemic mixture (racemate)*</strong></p> <div class="tib-flashcard"><a class="show-flashcards btn btn-success btn-xs-block btn-block " data-levels="3" data-mode="Normal" data-topics="649" data-subject-id="7" data-n-flashcards="6" style="text-align:center">Show flashcards</a></div><hr> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow panel-has-colored-body"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p> The revision cards contain all of the essential content:</p> <div id="carousel-226" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="226"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/7-226/screenshot-2020-08-31-at-202222.png" data-fancybox="gallery-226" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/7-226/screenshot-2020-08-31-at-202222.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/7-226/screenshot-2022-05-13-at-115453.png" data-fancybox="gallery-226" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/7-226/screenshot-2022-05-13-at-115453.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" 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src="../../../std-galleries/7-226/screenshot-2022-05-13-at-115704-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="7-552-913"><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which compound can show optical activity?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>CH<sub>3</sub>CHOHCH<sub>3</sub></span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>NH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>CH<sub>3</sub>CHCHCH<sub>2</sub>Cl</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>CH<sub>3</sub>CHOHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub></span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Optical activity is shown by compounds with mirror image isomers (enantiomers). In order to be optically active, compounds must contain a chiral carbon atom - that is a carbon atom with four different substituents attached.</p><p>The second carbon atom as written in butan-2-ol, CH<sub>3</sub>CHOHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> has four different substituents attached (CH<sub>3</sub>, H, OH and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) and so is chiral.</p><p>The other compounds do not have a chiral carbon.</p><p>Therefore <strong>CH<sub>3</sub>CHOHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub></strong> is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">2</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which compound can show optical activity?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>3-chloropentane</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>2-chloro-2-methylbutane</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>2-chloro-3-methylbutane</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1-chloropentane</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Optical activity is shown by compounds with mirror image isomers (enantiomers). In order to be optically active, compounds must contain a chiral carbon atom - that is a carbon atom with four different substituents attached.</p><p>The second carbon atom as written in 2-chloro-3-methylbutane, CH<sub>3</sub>CClHCH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> has four different substituents attached (CH<sub>3</sub>, Cl, H and CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) and so is chiral.</p><p>The other compounds do not have a chiral carbon.</p><p>Therefore <strong>2-chloro-3-methylbutane</strong> is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">3</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which compound shows cis-trans isomerism?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>CH<sub>3</sub>CHCH<sub>2</sub></span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>CH<sub>3</sub>CHCHCH<sub>3</sub></span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>CHClCH<sub>2</sub></span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>(CH<sub>3</sub>)CCHCH<sub>3</sub></span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Cis-trans isomerism is shown by compounds when the two substituents attached to both of the carbon atoms of the C=C double bond are different.</p><p>In but-2-ene, CH<sub>3</sub>CHCHCH<sub>3</sub> the first carbon of the double bond has CH<sub>3</sub> and H attached, as does the second carbon of the double bond, so but-2-ene will show cis-trans isomerism.</p><p>The other compounds all have two substituents that are the same attached to one of the carbon atoms of the double bond.</p><p>Therefore <strong>CH<sub>3</sub>CHCHCH<sub>3</sub></strong> is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">4</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which compound shows cis-trans isomerism?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>2-methylbut-2-ene</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>pent-1-ene</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>2-methylbut-1-ene</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>pent-2-ene</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Cis-trans isomerism is shown by compounds when the two substituents attached to both of the carbon atoms of the C=C double bond are different.</p><p>In pent-2-ene, CH<sub>3</sub>CHCHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> the first carbon of the double bond has CH<sub>3</sub> and H attached, and the second carbon of the double bond has H and CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> attached, so pent-2-ene will show cis-trans isomerism.</p><p>The other compounds all have two substituents that are the same attached to one of the carbon atoms of the double bond.</p><p>Therefore<strong> pent-2-ene </strong>is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">5</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>How many chiral carbon atoms are present in this molecule?</p><p>The grey atoms represent carbon, blue represent nitrogen, red represent oxygen, white represent hydrogen.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/organic-chemistry/2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic-acid.png" style="width: 240px; height: 263px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>2</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>0</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>3</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>A chiral carbon atom, is a carbon atom with four different substituents attached.</p><p>The molecule is 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid. The second and third carbon atoms have four different substituents attached and so are chiral. The first carbon (CH<sub>3</sub>) and the last (CO<sub>2</sub>H) do not, so are not chiral (any carbon in a double bond cannot be chiral).</p><p>Therefore <strong>2</strong> is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">6</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following compounds show/s cis-trans isomerism?</p><p><strong>1: </strong>1,1-dichlorobut-1-ene</p><p><strong>2:</strong> 1,2-dichlorobut-1-ene</p><p><strong>3: </strong>1,2-dichlorocyclobutane</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1 and 2 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1 and 3 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>2 and 3 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1, 2 and 3</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Cis-trans isomerism is shown by compounds when the two substituents attached to both of the carbon atoms of the C=C double bond are different.</p><p>It can also be shown in cyclic compounds with two substituents attached to two different carbon atoms of the carbon ring.</p><p>1,1-dichlorobut-1-ene has two chlorine atoms attached to the first carbon atom of the double bond, so does not show cis-trans isomerism.</p><p>In 1,2-dichlorobut-1-ene the first carbon of the double bond has Cl and H attached, and the second carbon of the double bond has Cl and CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> attached, so 1,2-dichlorobut-1-ene will show cis-trans isomerism.</p><p>1,2-dichlorocyclobutane is a cyclic compound with two substituents attached to two different carbon atoms of the carbon ring so will show cis-trans isomerism. Trans-1,2-dichlorocyclobutane shown below:</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/organic-chemistry/trans-1-2-dichlorocyclobutane.png" style="width: 120px; height: 83px;"></p><p>Therefore<strong> 2 and 3 only </strong>is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">7</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The compound shown below, 1,2-dichlorobut-2-ene, shows E/Z isomerism.</p><p>What are the priorities of the four substituents attached to the C=C double bond (A to D) as shown on the diagram?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/organic-chemistry/1-2-dichlorobut-2-enelabelled.png" style="width: 240px; height: 188px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "> <input type="radio"> <span>1st C, 2nd D, 3rd B, 4th A</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "> <input type="radio"> <span>1st A, 2nd B, 3rd C, 4th D</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "> <input type="radio"> <span>1st B, 2nd A, 3rd D, 4th C</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>1st D, 2nd C, 3rd A, 4th B</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In E/Z isomerism each substituent is given a priority according to the atomic number (Z) of the atom attached to the carbon. Moving to the next atom in the event of a ‘draw’. (The highest substituents on <strong>each carbon atom</strong> are then compared to see if they are E (entgegen) or Z (zusammen) relative to one-another.)</p><p>A carbon Z=6, then hydrogen Z=1</p><p>B hydrogen Z=1</p><p>C carbon Z=6, then chlorine Z=17</p><p>D chlorine Z=17</p><p>So <strong>1st D, 2nd C, 3rd A, 4th B</strong> is therefore the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">8</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The compound shown below, 2-chlorobutenedioic acid, shows E/Z isomerism.</p><p>Does this diagram show the E or Z isomer, and which two of the four substituents are the highest priority on each carbon and therefore responsible for deciding whether this isomer is E or Z?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/organic-chemistry/2-chlorobutenedioicacidlabelled.png" style="width: 240px; height: 183px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "> <input type="radio"> <span>E isomer; due to A and C</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "> <input type="radio"> <span>E isomer; due to B and D</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "> <input type="radio"> <span>Z isomer; due to A and B</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Z isomer; due to C and D</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In E/Z isomerism each substituent is given a priority according to the atomic number (Z) of the atom attached to the carbon. Moving to the next atom in the event of a ‘draw’. The highest substituents on <strong>each carbon atom</strong> are then compared to see if they are E (entgegen) or Z (zusammen) relative to one-another.</p><p><strong>A</strong> carbon Z=6, then oxygen Z=8</p><p><strong>B</strong> hydrogen Z=1</p><p><strong>C</strong> carbon Z=6, then oxygen Z=8</p><p><strong>D</strong> chlorine Z=17</p><p>So <strong>D</strong> is the highest priority on the first carbon of the double bond, and <strong>C</strong> is the highest on the second carbon of the double bond.</p><p><strong>D</strong> and <strong>C</strong> are 'together' on the same side of the carbon chain in the zusammen (Z) position.</p><p>Therefore <strong>Z isomer due to C and D</strong> is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">9</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Butan-2-ol shows optical activity. Which of the following statements are correct?</p><p>1: A racemic mixture of butan-2-ol does not rotate plane polarised light.</p><p>2: A pure sample of (+)butan-2-ol rotates plane polarised light clockwise (to the right).</p><p>3: (+)butan-2-ol and (−)butan-2-ol have the same chemical properties.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>1, 2 and 3</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1 and 3 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>2 and 3 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1 and 2 only</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Optical activity is shown by compounds with mirror image isomers (enantiomers). In order to be optically active, compounds must contain a chiral carbon atom - that is a carbon atom with four different substituents attached.</p><p>Enantiomers will rotate plane polarised light in different directions (by an equal but opposite amount).</p><p>(+) or D isomers rotate the light to the right (clockwise). (−) or L isomers rotate the light to the left (anticlockwise).</p><p>A 50:50 mixture, called a racemic mixture, will not rotate light as the rotations cancel out.</p><p>Enantiomers have the same chemical and physical properties (apart from the rotation of plane polarised light), unless reacting with a chiral binding site in a living organism.</p><p>Therefore <strong>1, 2 and 3 </strong>is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" 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}</style><div id="modal-periodic-table" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role="document" style="width: 90vw;"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title">Periodic table</h4> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <img src="../../../img/periodic-table/periodic-table-2020.png" style="max-width: 1400px; height: auto"> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block m-xs-0 pull-right" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="fc-viewer" class="modal fade modal-flashcard" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"><div class="modal-dialog" role="document"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header" style="background-color: #fafafa;"><div class="row" style="width: 100%;"><div class="col-md-12 tags-heading"><div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;"><p id="fc-viewer-info" style="width: 80%;"></p><button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button></div></div></div></div><div id="flashcard-body" class="modal-body"><div class="row" style="margin: 0;"><div class="col-md-8 fc-viewer-main"><div class="fc-viewer-inner"><div id="fc-viewer-main-front"><div class="fc-viewer-content"></div><span class="mark-favorite" style="position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 10px; font-size: 22px;"><i class="fa fa-lg fa-star-o"></i></span><span id="issue-report" class="issue-report hidden-xs hidden-sm" title="Report a problem"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-lg fa-exclamation-circle" style="font-size: 1.5em;"></i> </span> </div><div id="fc-viewer-main-back" class="reverse-flashcard green-bg"><div class="fc-viewer-content"></div><span class="mark-favorite" style="position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 10px; font-size: 22px;"><i class="fa fa-lg fa-star-o"></i></span></div></div></div><div class="col-md-4 fc-viewer-controls"><div class="fc-viewer-controls-middle"> <div class="fc-viewer-controls-middle-inner fc-back"><div class="fc-viewer-controls-answers mt-xs-0 mx-xs-0"><button id="right-answer" class="btn btn-success text-center btn-block" title="Mark this flashcard as CORRECT"><i class="fa fa-check"></i> Correct</button><button id="wrong-answer" class="btn text-center bg-red btn-block" title="Mark this flashcard as INCORRECT"><i class="fa fa-remove"></i> Incorrect</button></div><table class="table stats"><tr><td>Times flipped</td><td id="fc-viewer-tflipped" class="text-right">0</td></tr><tr><td>Marked as <em>correct</em></td><td id="fc-viewer-right" class="text-right">0</td></tr><tr><td>Marked as <em>incorrect</em></td><td id="fc-viewer-wrong" class="text-right">0</td></tr></table><a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-block text-center reset-stats hidden-xs hidden-sm" title="Reset stats for this flashcard" style="margin: 10px 0;"><i class="fa fa-undo"></i> Reset</a> <div class="fc-notes-container hidden-xs hidden-sm"><textarea class="form-control notes fc-back card-notes" rows="4" placeholder="Write your own notes here..." style="resize: none;">
</textarea><a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-block text-center save-notes" title="Save personal notes for this flashcard" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i> Save notes</a> </div><div class="fc-viewer-actions-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-xs-block reset-stats"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-undo"></i>Reset</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-xs-block" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#card-notes-sm-modal"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-pencil"></i>Notes</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-xs-block" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#report-problem-sm-modal"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-exclamation-circle"></i>Report error</button></div> </div></div><div class="fc-viewer-controls-bottom hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="fc-move"> <button class="btn bg-turquoise text-center disabled" rel="prev" title="Previous flashcard"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i>Prev</button><button class="btn bg-turquoise text-center disabled" rel="next" title="Next flashcard">Next<i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></button></div><div class="fc-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-center shuffle"><i class="fa fa-random"></i> Shuffle</button><div class="fc-progress"><div class="progress"><div class="progress-bar"></div></div><div class="text-right"><span class="fc-viewer-results-counter"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="fc-close-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><button id="fc-xs-close" type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-block text-center" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">Close</button> <hr class="thin"> <div class="fc-actions" style="width: 100%;"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-center shuffle"> <i class="fa fa-random"></i> Shuffle </button><div class="fc-progress"><div class="progress"><div class="progress-bar"></div></div><div class="text-right"><span class="fc-viewer-results-counter hidden-md hidden-lg"></span></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div id="report-error-container" class="report-problem"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-8"><div class="msg"></div><div class="form-group"><label>Report a problem for flashcard <span class="fc-viewer-id"></span></label><textarea class="form-control issue-description" cols="4"></textarea></div><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary pull-right send-report disabled"><i class="fa fa-paper-plane"></i>Send</button><button id="close-send-report" type="button" class="btn btn-default" style="margin-left: 0;">Close</button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="card-notes-sm-modal" class="modal fade overlay-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"><div class="modal-dialog modal-sm" role="document"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header p-xs-3"><h4 class="modal-title text-center my-xs-2">Notes</h4></div><div class="modal-body p-xs-3"><textarea class="form-control notes fc-back card-notes p-xs-3" rows="8" style="resize: none;">
</textarea></div><div class="modal-footer p-xs-3"><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary btn-xs-block save-notes"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-pencil"></i>Save</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-default btn-xs-block mx-xs-0" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">Close</button></div></div></div></div><div id="report-problem-sm-modal" class="modal fade overlay-modal report-problem" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"><div class="modal-dialog modal-sm" role="document"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header p-xs-3"><h4 class="modal-title text-center my-xs-2">Report a problem for flashcard <span class="fc-viewer-id"></span></h4></div><div class="modal-body p-xs-3"><div class="msg"></div><div class="form-group mb-xs-0"><textarea class="form-control issue-description p-xs-3" rows="8"></textarea></div></div><div class="modal-footer p-xs-3"><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary text-center btn-xs-block mb-xs-3 disabled send-report"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-paper-plane"></i>Send</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-default text-center btn-xs-block mx-xs-0" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">Close</button></div></div></div></div> <div id="fcgame-viewer" class="modal fade modal-flashcard" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-fcgame" role="document"> <div class="modal-content mc-flashcard modal-content-fcgame"> <div class="modal-header" style="background-color: #fafafa;"> <div class="row text-center" style="width: 100%;"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;"> <div class="text-left"> Your time: <span class="chronometer c-mobile" id="chronometer">00:00:</span> <span class="chronometer msec c-mobile" id="chronometer-msec">000</span> <br> Your best time: <span class="chronometer c-mobile" id="best-record"></span> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="fcgame-body" class=" modal-body modal-body-fcgame"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fc-content" id="fc-content" style="padding: 15px;"></div> </div> </div> <div id="end-game" style="display: none;"> <div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1 col-md-10 col-md-offset-1 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 result shadow-bottom"> <div id="end-game-dismiss"></div> <div id="end-game-results"></div> <div id="show-percent" style="margin-bottom: 30px;font-size: 16px;"></div> </div> <div id="end-game-fc" class="col-lg-12"></div> </div> <div id="start-game" class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 centered"> <div style="width: 200px;"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block" id="play-game" style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 10px 0;">Start</button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block" id="cancel-game" style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 10px 0;">Cancel</button> </div> </div> <div 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