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Genetics AHL</a></li><li><a href="../473/11-animal-physiology-ahl.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> 11 Animal physiology AHL</a></li><li><a href="../2824/option-a-neurobiology.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Option A - Neurobiology</a></li><li><a href="../2852/option-b-biotechnology.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Option B - Biotechnology</a></li><li><a href="../2853/option-c-ecology.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Option C - Ecology</a></li><li><a href="../2854/option-d-human-physiology.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Option D Human physiology</a></li></ul><div class="pull-right"><a class="sidenav-expand" title="Expand all" href="#"><i class="fa fa-plus-circle"></i></a> <a class="sidenav-compress" title="Compress all" href="#"><i class="fa fa-minus-circle"></i></a></div></h4><ul class="side-nav level-0"><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../799/evidence-for-evolution-51-.html">Evidence for evolution 5.1 </a></label></li><li class="expanded parent selected"><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="natural-selection-52.html">Natural selection 5.2</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../801/classification-of-biodiversity-53-.html">Classification of biodiversity 5.3 </a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../802/cladistics-54.html">Cladistics 5.4</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Natural selection 5.2 <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="800" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../467/05-evolution-.html">05 Evolution </a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Natural selection 5.2</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img class="intro-image" readonly="true" src="../../images/05_evolution/finch_beaks-1.jpg" style="width: 365px; height: 366px;"> <div class="content" readonly="true"> <div class="text">Natural selection increases the frequency of successful adaptations in a species and it relies on variation in the features of the species as well as overproduction of offspring, a struggle for survival and survival of the fittest. It is the driving force of evolution and this topic looks at all aspects of the process.</div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary for 5.2 Natural selection using <a href="http://quizlet.com/_6xgpkk" target="_blank">these Natural Selection revision flashcards</a>.</p> <p style="text-align: center"><iframe height="500" src="https://quizlet.com/419004020/flashcards/embed?i=xxmo&x=1jj1" style="border:0" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - good revision for all students.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-125" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="125"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img0.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-125" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img0.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-125" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-125" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-125" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-125" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img4.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-125" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-125" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img0-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-125/img4-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3>Summary list for topic 5.2 Natural selection</h3> <ul> <li>Natural selection requires;<img alt="" class="left" height="113" src="../../../ib/biology/images/flickr_cc_commercial_ok/05ecology/finch_beaks.jpg" style="float: right;" title=" Image CC from Flickr" width="113"> <ul> <li>variation in adaptations within a species.</li> <li>overproduction of offspring.</li> <li>best adapted individuals have better survival rates.</li> <li>so they reproduce more and pass on successful adaptations to offspring.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Variation within a species can be caused by Mutation, meiosis and sexual reproduction.</li> <li>Adaptations are advantageous characteristics of an individual for it's way of life.</li> <li>More offspring are produced by the best adapted individuals while less well adapted individuals die or produce fewer offspring.</li> <li>Adaptations / characteristics are passed on to offspring (inheritance).</li> <li>Natural selection increases the frequency of the better adaptations and decreases the frequency of other characteristics. This leads to changes in characteristics within the species.</li> </ul> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><u>Skills</u> (can you ....)</p> <ul> <li class="liWithoutP">Analyse data about the changes in beak lengths of finches on Daphne Major.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Understand how the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria occurs by natural selection.</li> </ul> </div> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <h3>Mindmaps</h3> <p>These diagram summaries cover the main sections of topic 5.2 Natural selection.<br> Study them and draw your own list or concept map, from memory if you can.</p> <div id="carousel-124" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="124"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-124/52naturalselectionspiderlist.png" data-fancybox="gallery-124" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-124/52naturalselectionspiderlist.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-124/52naturalselectionspiderbasic.png" data-fancybox="gallery-124" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-124/52naturalselectionspiderbasic.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-124/52naturalselectionspiderdetail.png" data-fancybox="gallery-124" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-124/52naturalselectionspiderdetail.png"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-124" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-124" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-124/52naturalselectionspiderlist-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-124/52naturalselectionspiderbasic-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-124/52naturalselectionspiderdetail-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3>Exam style question about evolution by natural selection</h3> <p>Explaining the process of evolution by natural selection is an important skill from this topic.</p> <p>Answer the question below, on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</p> <div class="militia"><strong>Describe how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. [4]</strong> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3>Model answer </h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Describe how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. [4]</strong></p> <p>In a description always try to link a cause to its effect.<br> <span style="color:#FF0000;">There is variation in any population of bacteria and some of them will be more or less resistant to an antibiotic.</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;"></span> (Cause - variation) (Effect - different levels of resistance)<span style="color:#FF0000;"></span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">In the presence of an antibiotic the more resistant bacteria will survive but non-resistant bacteria die.</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The antibiotic resistant survivors have a lot less competition for space and food so will grow and reproduce quickly</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">This rapid growth will lead to an increase in the population of antibiotic resistant bacteria.</span></p> <p>This example of student work explains some of the concepts of natural selection<br> but the phrases don't link the causes to their effects.</p> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/05_evolution/natural-selection.jpg" style="width: 580px; height: 371px;"></p> </div> </section> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question about causes of variation - - - click the + symbol to open it -- ></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3>Exam style question about causes of variation in evolution</h3> <p>This question requires knowledge of the causes of variation</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Question: Describe three causes of variation within a species. (6 marks)</strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3>Model answer</h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong><meta charset="utf-8"> Question: Describe three causes of variation within a species. (6 marks)</strong></p> <p dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-5a36125c-7fff-f864-6c3e-60972b30bc49" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;">Describe needs a detailed account, name the cause and add an explanation.</span></p> <ul dir="ltr"> <li noto="" role="presentation" sans="" style="list-style-type: disc; font-size: 11pt; font-family: " symbols=""><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sexual reproduction causes variation. </span></span></li> <li noto="" role="presentation" sans="" style="list-style-type: disc; font-size: 11pt; font-family: " symbols=""><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The offspring inherits traits from both parents, for example an offspring may exhibit a characteristic due to inheriting recessive genes from heterozygous parents.</span></span></li> <li noto="" role="presentation" sans="" style="list-style-type: disc; font-size: 11pt; font-family: " symbols=""><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Meiosis. </span></span></li> <li noto="" role="presentation" sans="" style="list-style-type: disc; font-size: 11pt; font-family: " symbols=""><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Meiosis can cause variation in the offspring produced due to random assortment of chromosomes leading to different combinations of chromosomes in gametes.</span></span></li> <li noto="" role="presentation" sans="" style="list-style-type: disc; font-size: 11pt; font-family: " symbols=""><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chiasmata can occur during Prophase 1 where sections of chromosomes are exchanged, producing recombinants.</span></span></li> <li noto="" role="presentation" sans="" style="list-style-type: disc; font-size: 11pt; font-family: " symbols=""><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mutation</span></span></li> <li noto="" role="presentation" sans="" style="list-style-type: disc; font-size: 11pt; font-family: " symbols=""><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mutation is the source of new variation in a population which may or may not be advantageous, for example the mutation that causes sickle cell anaemia.</span></span></li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3>Multiple choice questions</h3> <p>This is a self marking quiz containing questions covering the topic outlined above.<br> Try the questions to check your understanding.</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#db5f8b9b"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="db5f8b9b"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 class="modal-title" style="width: 100%;"> 5.2 Natural selection <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> </h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-340-800" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following factors is <u><strong>NOT </strong></u>required for the process on natural selection?</p><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: upper-roman;"><li><p>Variation in adaptations within a species.</p></li><li><p>Overproduction of offspring and a struggle for survival.</p></li><li><p>Survival of the best adapted individuals.</p></li><li><p>New adaptation is developed by individuals.</p></li></ol></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> III.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> IV.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> II.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Natural selection requires;</p><ul><li>variation in adaptations within a species.</li><li>overproduction of offspring</li><li>best adapted individuals have better survival rates</li><li>so they reproduce more and pass on successful adaptations to offspring.</li></ul><p>Individuals don't develop new characteristics, they either do or don't reproduce.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Variation within a species can be caused by which of the following?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Mutations and sexual reproduction.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Mutations and mitosis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Meiosis and mitosis. </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Learning. </label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Variation within a species can be caused by Mutation, meiosis and sexual reproduction.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>A study of frog populations measured how visible the frogs were to birds and the predation.<br>The researcher's found that the better the camouflage the less predation there was.<br> </p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/05_evolution/frog_conspicuousness_adaptation.png" style="width: 400px; height: 297px;"></p><p>What effect would this have on the reproductive success of the different frogs?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> All the frogs will reproduce at the same rate.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> All the frogs will reproduce but the success rate is random.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> More of the pale green coloured individuals will reproduce successfully</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> More of the red and orange coloured individuals will reproduce successfully</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>More offspring are produced by the best adapted individuals while less well adapted individuals die or produce fewer offspring.</p><p>Adaptations / characteristics are passed on to offspring (inheritance).</p><p>In this example camouflage (low conspicuousness) is an advantageous adaptation.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>If an individual has a better adapted phenotypes, what effect does natural selection have on their chance or surviving to reproductive age?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It increases the chance of survival in males but not females.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It decreases the chance of survival.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It does not change the chance of survival.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> It increases the chance of survival.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Natural selection increases the frequency of the better adaptations and decreases the frequency of other characteristics. This leads to changes in characteristics within the species</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What could be the result of a mutation in the genome of a bacterium as it divides by binary fission?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>It could produce a change to the phenotype which was either, harmful, beneficial, or had no effect.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>It could only produce harmful changes to the phenotype</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>It could not change the phenotype</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>It could only produce beneficial phenotypes.</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>A mutation could produce big changes to the phenotype or no effect at all.<br>These changes might be a beneficial adaptation, like antibiotic resistance, or a harmful change to the phenotype.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following could <u><strong>NOT </strong></u>be considered to be a beneficial adaptation?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Antibiotic resistance in bacteria in a hospital.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Antibiotic resistance in a human hospital patient.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Camouflage in the colours of a bird's feathers.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Fewer stomata in the leaves of a desert plant</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Adaptations are advantageous characteristics of an individual</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the difference between cell division by meiosis and mitosis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Meiosis and mitosis both produce genetically varied cells.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Meiosis produces genetic identical cells, mitosis produces cells with genetic variation.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Meiosis and mitosis both produce genetically identical cells but meiosis produces four, not two.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Meiosis produces cells with genetic variation, mitosis produces genetically identical cells.</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Meiosis is a source of variation because it produces cells with a random selection of chromosomes.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <h3> Drag and drop activities</h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-876-800"><p>Natural selection is a driving force in evolution.</p><p>Drag and drop the correct word or phrase into the gaps to summarise natural selection.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">resources</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">designed</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">chance</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">more</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">natural selection</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">survival of the fittest</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">adapted</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">genes</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">genome</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">inherited characteristics</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">survive to breed</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">evolution</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">generations</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">not</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">competition</span></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>When organisms reproduce, they invariably produce <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="more"> <span class="review"></span> offspring than the environment can support. This creates <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="competition"> <span class="review"></span> for <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="resources"> <span class="review"></span> and a struggle for survival.</p><p>The organisms best <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="adapted"> <span class="review"></span> to compete for resources, mates (“fittest”) organisms survive, this is natural selection by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="survival of the fittest"> <span class="review"></span> . </p><p>The organisms with adaptations best suited to the environment <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="survive to breed"> <span class="review"></span> and pass on their <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="genes"> <span class="review"></span> to subsequent <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="generations"> <span class="review"></span> . Genes that are <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="not"> <span class="review"></span> advantageous will gradually be lost from the population over generations.</p><p>This gradually alters the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="genome"> <span class="review"></span> of the population.</p><p>The gradual change in the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="inherited characteristics"> <span class="review"></span> of the population is evolution: the species has evolved by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="natural selection"> <span class="review"></span> .</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Evolution is the gradual change in the genome of the population as genes with survival value prevail.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>t</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Everyone needs a bit of fun while they revise. Try this <a href="http://quizlet.com/419004020/match" target="_blank">Natural selection terms card matching game</a></p> <p>Can you reach the leader board?</p> <ul> </ul> <p style="text-align: center"><iframe height="500" src="https://quizlet.com/419004020/match/embed?i=xxmo&x=1jj1" style="border:0" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <ul> </ul> <div class="page-container panel-self-assessment" data-id="800"> <div class="panel-heading">MY PROGRESS</div> <div class="panel-body understanding-rate"> <div class="msg"></div> <label class="label-lg">Self-assessment</label><p>How much of <strong>Natural selection 5.2</strong> have you understood?</p><div class="slider-container text-center"><div id="self-assessment-slider" class="sib-slider self-assessment " data-value="1" data-percentage=""></div></div> <label class="label-lg">My notes</label> <textarea name="page-notes" class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Write 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