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fa-fw"></i><a href="../797/carbon-cycle-43-.html">Carbon Cycle 4.3 </a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../798/climate-change-44.html">Climate change 4.4</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Species and communities 4.1 <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="795" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../466/04-ecology-.html">04 Ecology </a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Species and communities 4.1 </span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img class="intro-image" readonly="true" src="../../images/04_ecology/test-of-association2-1.png" style="width: 812px; height: 743px;"> <div class="content" readonly="true"> <div class="text">Ecology is the study of the interconnections between living organisms and their environment. There is such a complex network of links in any location that ecologists have to break down and classify these relationships whether they be feeding, competition or reproduction. This topic is an introduction to these divisions.</div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary for 4.1 Species and communities using these flashcards </p> <p><iframe frameborder="0" height="420" scrolling="no" src="https://quizlet.com/6396273/flashcards/embed" width="100%"><br> </iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - good revision for all students.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-115" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="115"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-115" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-115" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-115" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-115" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-115" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img5.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img6.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-115" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img6.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img7.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-115" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img7.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-115" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-115" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img5-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="5"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img6-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="6"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-115/img7-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3>Summary list for topic 4.1 Species and communities</h3> <ul> <li class="liWithoutP">Species are "groups of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring".<img alt="" height="129" src="../../../ib/biology/images/flickr_cc_commercial_ok/05ecology/foodweb_small.jpg" style="float: right;" title="Image: D Faure 2012" width="134"></li> <li class="liWithoutP">Members of a species may be reproductively isolated in separate populations.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Species can be autotrophic or heterotrophic in nutrition (a few species are both).</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Consumers are heterotrophs that feed on living organisms by ingestion.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Detritivores are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from detritus by internal digestion.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Saprotrophs are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from dead organisms by external digestion.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">A community is "populations of different species living together and interacting with each other."</li> <li class="liWithoutP">An ecosystem is "a community and its interactions with the abiotic environment."</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Autotrophs obtain inorganic nutrients from the abiotic environment.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">The supply of inorganic nutrients is maintained by nutrient cycling.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Ecosystems have the potential to be sustainable over long periods of time</li> </ul> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><u>Skills</u> (can you ....)</p> <ul> <li>Classify species as autotrophs, consumers, detritivores or saprotrophs from a knowledge of their mode of nutrition.</li> <li>Set up sealed mesocosms to try to establish sustainability. (Practical 5)<br> Mesocosms in sealed glass vessels are preferable because entry and exit of matter can be prevented but light can enter and heat can leave. Aquatic systems are likely to be more successful than terrestrial ones.</li> <li>Test for association between two species using the chi-squared test with data obtained by quadrat sampling.<br> For example An ecosystem chosen where varying factors affect the distribution of the chosen species. Random quadrat sampling should be used to measure the presence or absence of the chosen species.</li> </ul> </div> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <h3>Mindmaps</h3> <p>These diagram summaries cover the main sections of topic 4.1 Species and communities<br> Study them and draw your own list or concept map from memory.</p> <div id="carousel-116" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="116"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-116/41species-and-communitiesspider.png" data-fancybox="gallery-116" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-116/41species-and-communitiesspider.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-116/41species-and-communitiesspiderlist.png" data-fancybox="gallery-116" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-116/41species-and-communitiesspiderlist.png"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-116" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-116" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-116/41species-and-communitiesspider-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-116/41species-and-communitiesspiderlist-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>This question requires knowledge of the different methods organisms use to gain energy.</p> <div class="yellowBg"><strong>Compare and contrast the sources of energy and organic nutrients of consumers, detritivores and saprotrophs. (4 marks)</strong><br> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> </div> <p>Click the + symbol to show the model answer</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3>Model answer</h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Compare and contrast the sources of energy and organic nutrients of consumers, detritivores and saprotrophs. (4 marks)</strong></p> <ul> <li class="liWithoutP"><span style="color:#FF0000;">Consumers get their energy from eating living organisms by ingestion but Detrivitivores ingest dead organisms, and decaying matter.</span></li> <li class="liWithoutP"><span style="color:#FF0000;">Detritivores obtain organic nutrients from decaying matter by internal digestion whereas saprotpophs obtain these things from dead organisms by external digestion.</span></li> <li class="liWithoutP"><span style="color:#FF0000;">All three types of nutrition are heterotrophic. They are all heterotrophs</span>.</li> <li class="liWithoutP"><span style="color:#FF0000;">Heterotrophs need to obtain organic nutrients and energy from other living organisms because they cannot do photosynthesis.</span></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question on sustainability in ecosystems - - - Click the + to open it -- ></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:">This question requires knowledge of sustainability in ecosystems.</span><br> Answer the question below on paper and then check your answer with the model answer.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><b><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:">Question: <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Discuss the importance of sustainability in an ecosystem (6 marks) </span></b><b><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:"></span></b></p> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr> <p><em>Examiner hints- Discuss means </em>offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by<br> appropriate evidence.</p> <p><em>In ecology responses, use scientific terminology precisely.</em></p> </div> <p>Click the + symbol to show the model answer </p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3>Model answer</h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Question: Discuss the importance of sustainability in an ecosystem (6 marks) </strong></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">A sustainable ecosystem has a balance between all the components of the system/b</span><span style="color:#FF0000;">iotic and abiotic factors.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Biotic factors include producers, consumers, and recyclers.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Sustainability requires biodiversity as each member of the community needs to be in balance with the others.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Population size of the different levels in a food web need to be within sustainable levels, overpopulation of one level can imbalance other levels and affect the balance of the ecosystem.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">There is a finite supply of nutrients for producers.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Nutrients must be recycled.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Abiotic factors include climate, rainfall, temperature.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Disturbance to the abiotic factors such as drought may reduce the ability of one or more species to survive.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Which can affect the biodiversity of the system necessary for the balance needed for sustainability.</span></li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>This is a self marking quiz containing questions covering the topic outlined above.<br> Try the questions to check your understanding.</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#da6aa350"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="da6aa350"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 class="modal-title" style="width: 100%;"> 4.1 Species and communities quiz <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> </h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-307-795" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which classification grouping includes all organisms which have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Species.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Family</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Population.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Kingdom</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Species are "groups of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring".</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>When members of a species are separated by a physical barrier this can lead to populations which are prevented from reproducing, because individuals from each population never meet.</p><p>What is the name given to this situation?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Reproductive segregation.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Artificial isolation</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Reproductive isolation</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Artificial segregation. </label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Members of a species may be reproductively isolated in separate populations.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which is the best definition of the term, "Heterotrophic"</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Organisms which use photosynthesis to make energy rich organic molecules.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Organisms which are eaten by other living organisms.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Organisms which eat dead or decaying organic material.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Organisms which feed on other living organisms.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Heterotrophs need to obtain organic material from other organisms. They cannot produce organic material from inorganic molecules.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Energy in an ecosystem is passed from organism to organism in food, but it is eventually lost to the environment as heat. Inorganic nutrients are not usually lost from the ecosystem?</p><p>What is the name given to the process which keeps the inorganic nutrients in the ecosystem?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Nutrient cycling.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Water cycle.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Element cycling.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Photosynthesis.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Autotrophs obtain inorganic nutrients from the abiotic environment. Heterotrophs get nutrients by eating other organisms, but this is not the reason why the community is sustainable.</p><p>The supply of inorganic nutrients is maintained by nutrient cycling.</p><p>Ecosystems have the potential to be sustainable over long periods of time</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The organisms in the photo below are classified in ecology according to their mode of nutrition.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/04_ecology/2_phyla_heterotrophs.png" style="width: 410px; height: 156px;"></p><p>Which of the following correctly describes their mode of nutrition?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Fish are aquatic, Ferns are terrestrial</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Fish are Heterotrophs, Ferns are Autotrophs.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Fish are Animals, Ferns are Plants</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Fish are Autotrophs, Ferns are Heterotrophs</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Classifying species using their mode of nutrition begins with the division into Heterotrophs, who get organic molecules (nutrients) from other organisms and autotrophs, who can make organic molecules from inorganic molecules, using photosynthesis.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Mesocosms can be used by ecologists to investigate natural systems.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/04_ecology/mesocosms_nl.png" style="width: 307px; height: 249px;"><br>Which variables could be easily controlled in experiments using these aquatic mesocosms?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Light levels, wind speed, and evaporation.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Volume, surface area, concentration of salts in the water.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Volume, temperature, fish size.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Temperature, light levels, evaporation.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Mesocosms can allow the control of variables much more than the natural environment.<br>These tanks are all the same size, so naturally volume, and surface area can be easily controlled.<br>In setting up the tanks the concentration of salts can be accurately measured, as there is no movement of water through the tanks, this can also be controlled.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>In an experiment in a small garden, quadrat frames were used to sample the flowers.</p><p>Why is it important to use random sampling in the placement of the quadrats?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Random sampling avoids bias and selection.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Random sampling is systematic.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Random sampling avoids a normal distribution.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Random sampling ensures a large sample.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Random quadrat sampling is a standard method used to avoid bias and selection.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the term given to a community and it's abiotic environment?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A biome</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A population</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> An ecosystem</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A habitat<span class="radio"></span></label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>A community is "populations of different species living together and interacting with each other."<br>An ecosystem is "a community and its interactions with the abiotic environment." <br>A habitat usually relates to one species, and a biome is more than one ecosystem.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <h3>Drag and drop activities</h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-880-795"><p>The components of an ecosystem and their interactions are an important part of this topic.</p><p>Drag and drop the correct word to define the components of an ecosytem.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">abiotic</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">living</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">populations</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">independent</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">feeding</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">sustainable</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">non-living</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">interreacting</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">biotic</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>A community is a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="sustainable"> <span class="review"></span> naturally occurring group of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="populations"> <span class="review"></span> inhabiting a particular environment and interacting with each other (for example by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="feeding"> <span class="review"></span> relationships), and relatively <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="independent"> <span class="review"></span> of other groups.</p><p>An ecosystem is a community of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="interreacting"> <span class="review"></span> organisms and their <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="abiotic"> <span class="review"></span> environment.</p><p>The abiotic component of an ecosystem is the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="non-living"> <span class="review"></span> element of an ecosystem.</p><p>The <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="biotic"> <span class="review"></span> component of an ecosystem is the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="living"> <span class="review"></span> community of an ecosystem.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Examiner hint: Use the correct terminology in responding to questions on ecology.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <p> </p> <p>Click the '+' symbol to open the next explanation.</p> <div class="panel panel-expandable panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra drag and drop explanation on the biotic components of an ecosystem, click to open.</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-879-795"><p>The biotic components of an ecosystem are the living organisms</p><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to outline the feeding methods of the community in an ecosystem.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">first </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">ingestion</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">organic</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">light </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">second</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">internal</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">endocytosis</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">exocytosis</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">all</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">inorganic</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Heterotrophs</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">external</span></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>Autotrophs (Primary producers) manufactures <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="organic"> <span class="review"></span> compounds from <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="inorganic"> <span class="review"></span> using <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="light "> <span class="review"></span> energy. They are found at the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="first "> <span class="review"></span> trophic level, the basis of the food chain.</p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Heterotrophs"> <span class="review"></span> are consumers that feed on the organic compounds of living organisms by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="ingestion"> <span class="review"></span> . They are found at <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="all"> <span class="review"></span> levels of the food chain except the first.</p><p>Detritivores obtain organic nutrients from detritus by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="internal"> <span class="review"></span> digestion.</p><p>Saprotrophs obtain organic nutrients from dead organisms by external digestion using <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="exocytosis"> <span class="review"></span> of enzymes.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>The ways in which organisms in an ecosystem obtain energy need to be understood.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Everyone needs a bit of fun while they revise. Try this <a href="http://www.classtools.net/wordshooter/201904_CBRhj7" target="_blank">Species and communities wordshoot revision game</a>.<br> Can you reach the leader board?</p> <p align="center"><iframe frameborder="0" height="250" scrolling="no" src="//www.classtools.net/widg/201904_CBRhj7" width="570"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <ul> </ul> <div class="page-container panel-self-assessment" data-id="795"> <div class="panel-heading">MY PROGRESS</div> <div class="panel-body understanding-rate"> <div class="msg"></div> <label class="label-lg">Self-assessment</label><p>How much of <strong>Species and communities 4.1 </strong> have you understood?</p><div class="slider-container text-center"><div id="self-assessment-slider" class="sib-slider self-assessment " data-value="1" data-percentage=""></div></div> <label class="label-lg">My notes</label> <textarea name="page-notes" class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Write 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