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href="dna-replication-transcription-translation-27.html">DNA Replication, transcription, translation 2.7</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../604/respiration-28.html">Respiration 2.8</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../605/photosynthesis-29.html">Photosynthesis 2.9</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> DNA Replication, transcription, translation 2.7 <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="603" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../463/02-molecular-biology.html">02 Molecular biology</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">DNA Replication, transcription, translation 2.7</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <style type="text/css">ol.breadcrumb { margin-bottom: 0 }</style><div id="toc-1675505953" class="toc"><a href="#" class="toc-switcher" title="Show table of contents"><small><i class="fa fa-reorder"></i> Table of contents <span class="pull-right"><i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></span></small></a><ol><li><a href="#header-1" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-1">Revision summary list for topic 2.7 DNA Replication</a></li><li><a href="#header-2" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-2">Mindmaps</a></li><li><a href="#header-3" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-3">Exam style question about an application of DNA replication</a></li><li><a href="#header-4" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-4">Model answer </a></li><li><a href="#header-5" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-5">Model answer</a></li><li><a href="#header-6" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-6">Multiple choice questions</a><ol></ol></li><li><a href="#header-7" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-7"> 2.7 DNA replication, transcription and translation quiz 1/1 </a></li></ol><li><a href="#header-8" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-8">Drag and drop activities</a></li></div><div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img alt="" src="../../images/02_molecules/dna_replication_diag.png.jfif" style="width: 150px; height: 100px; float: left;">The discovery of the structure of DNA immediately suggested a method of copying the genetic material to Watson and Crick in 1953. This topic looks at these methods, DNA replication making an exact copy of the genetic material as well as Transcription and translation in the expression of a gene to make a protein.</div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary for 2.7 DNA replication using these flash cards.</p> <p><iframe frameborder="0" height="420" scrolling="no" src="https://quizlet.com/52145753/flashcards/embed" width="100%"><br> </iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - good revision for all students.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-101" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="101"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img0.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-101" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img0.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-101" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-101" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-101" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-101" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-101" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-101" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-101" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img0-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="5"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-101/img5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-1">Revision summary list for topic 2.7 DNA Replication<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505953" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <ul> <li>DNA replication.</li> <li>Complementary base pairing leads to the semi-conservative replication of DNA.</li> <li>The enzyme helicase unwinds the double helix and breaks hydrogen bonds which hold the two DNA strands together.</li> <li>DNA polymerase (generalised name) links DNA nucleotides together to form a new strand DNA,using the pre-existing strand as a template.</li> <li>Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA by RNA polymerase using the DNA base sequence as a template</li> <li>Translation is the synthesis of polypeptides on ribosomes.</li> <li>The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is determined by mRNA according to the genetic code.</li> <li>Three bases of mRNA is called a codon and corresponds to one amino acid in the polypeptide.</li> <li>Translation depends on complementary base pairing between codons on mRNA and anticodons on tRNA.</li> <li>Awareness that in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) an enzymes called Taq DNA polymerase produces multiple copies of DNA.</li> </ul> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <h3 id="header-2">Mindmaps<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505953" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>This diagram summaries the main sections of topic 2.7.<br> Test if you can draw something like these concept maps from memory.</p> <div id="carousel-100" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="100"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-100/27replicationspider.png" data-fancybox="gallery-100" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-100/27replicationspider.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-100/27replicationspiderlist.png" data-fancybox="gallery-100" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-100/27replicationspiderlist.png"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-100" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-100" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-100/27replicationspider-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-100/27replicationspiderlist-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-3">Exam style question about an application of DNA replication<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505953" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Answer the question below, which addresses one application of DNA replication.<br> <em>(Thanks to Catarina Gouveia and her students for the question and markscheme).</em></p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Outline the role of Taq DNA polymerase in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [4]</strong></p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-4">Model answer <small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505953" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Outline the role of Taq DNA polymerase in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [4]</strong></p> <p>Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase (found in a thermophile bacteria);</p> <p>PCR is a technique used to amplify small samples of DNA;</p> <p>Taq polymerase is able to withstand high temperatures which normally denature proteins;</p> <p>Taq polymerase is added to a DNA sample together with DNA nucleotides;</p> <p>Taq polymerase replicates the DNA molecules by synthesising new DNA strands using the free DNA nucleotides and the parental strands as templates;</p> </div> </section> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question about the structure and function of DNA --- click the + to open it. -- ></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>This question requires knowledge of the relationship between DNA structure and function.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Explain three ways in which the structure of DNA is related to its function as genetic material (4 marks) </strong></p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer. </p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-5">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505953" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Explain three ways in which the structure of DNA is related to its function as genetic material<br> (4 marks) </strong></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">A pairs with T, C with G / Complementary base pairing allows DNA to be replicated with the same base sequence.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">DNA strands can be separated without changing the base sequence, allowing new nucleotides to be added to a template strand (semi-conservative replication).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The hydrogen bonds between bases can be broken easily to allow replication (and/or transcription).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The covalent bonds in the sugar phosphate backbone make DNA a very stable molecule.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The double helix structure also stabilised the DNA molecule.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The base sequence provides a genetic code which can be transcribed and translated into protein.</span></li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-6">Multiple choice questions<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505953" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>This is a self marking quiz containing questions covering the topic outlined above.<br> Try the questions to check your understanding.</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#cc1e6f4c"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="cc1e6f4c"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 id="header-7"> 2.7 DNA replication, transcription and translation quiz <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> <small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505953" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-226-603" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>DNA replication is known as semi-conservative. Which it the best explanation of this term?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Only some of the nucleotides in DNA replication match their complementary pair.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The pattern of coiling in new DNA molecules is the same.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Each new DNA molecule preserves half of the genetic code.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Each new DNA molecule contains one of original strand, and one newly synthesised strand.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The process of replication produces a new DNA double helix. One of the strands is from the original DNA molecule which was copied. The new strand is built from nucleotides.</p><p>This is semi-conservative replication .</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Complementary base pairing occurs in DNA replication.</p><p>Which base(s) pair with Guanine (G) ?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Adenine (A)</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Thymine (T)</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Cytosine (C)</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Guanine (G)</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>DNA replication builds DNA so T pairs with A</p><p>Transcription builds mRNA so U pairs with A</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the role of RNA polymerase?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Synthesis of mRNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Unwind and unzip the DNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Joins Okazaki fragments.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Synthesis of DNA.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>RNA polymerase synthesises mRNA during transcription.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the name of the molecules which binds to each mRNA codon in translation?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Amino acids.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> tRNA anti-codons.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Ribosomes</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> mRNA anti-codons.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Three bases of mRNA make a single codon which pairs with a tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid. <br>The three bases of tRNA which bind to the mRNA are called an anti-codon.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which process in the list below occurs on ribosomes?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Transcription.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Translation.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA replication.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> mRNA synthesis.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Translation occurs on ribosomes which are not found in the nucleus, they are in the cytoplasm, and on the rER membranes.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which enzyme unwinds DNA and breaks the hydrogen bonds between the strands?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Catalase. </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Helicase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA transcriptase</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA polymerase.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Helicase is the enzyme which unwinds the DNA and breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the name of the process shown in the diagram below.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/02_molecules/dna_transcription_wikicommons.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 125px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Transition</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Translation</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Transpiration.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Transcription</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>As the nucleotides being added are RNA nucleotides making mRNA, it is transcription.</p><p>The enzyme which does this is called RNA polymerase</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which enzymes are responsible for DNA replication?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> DNA polymerase and helicase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA replicase and helicase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA polymerase and DNA synthase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>DNA polymerase builds a DNA polymer, and unwinds the DNA and separates the strands so that each can be used as a template.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the process which takes place on ribosomes?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Translation.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> mRNA synthesis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Transcription.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA synthesis.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The synthesis of polypeptides (translation) takes place on ribosomes and involves mRNA molecules and tRNA.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>How many nucleotide bases is there in a mRNA codon or a tRNA anti-codon?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Variable, it depends on the gene</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 3</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 9</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Each codon has three mRNA nucleotide bases.<br>anticodons have the same number of RNA bases on a tRNA molecule..</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <hr> <h3 id="header-8">Drag and drop activities<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505953" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-843-603"><p><strong>DNA replication</strong></p><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to describe DNA replication</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">parent</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">nucleotides</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">semi-conservative</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">hydrogen</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">base</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">separated</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> new</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">mutations</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>DNA replication is <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="semi-conservative"> <span class="review"></span> . The two parent strands are <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="separated"> <span class="review"></span> by helicase breaking the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="hydrogen"> <span class="review"></span> bond between complimentary <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="base"> <span class="review"></span> pairs. DNA polymerase then adds complimentary <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="nucleotides"> <span class="review"></span> to each of the parent strands.</p><p>The two daughter strands consist of one <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="parent"> <span class="review"></span> strand and one <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" new"> <span class="review"></span> strand. This method of replication minimises copying errors in the base sequence, <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="mutations"> <span class="review"></span> .</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Explanation: DNA replication is semi-conservative because the two strands produced contain one parent and one new strand each.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <p> </p> </div> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-860-603"><p><strong>The mechanism of transcription needs to be understood and the correct terminology used in a description.</strong></p><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to describe transcription.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">complimentary</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">covalent</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">reforms</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">ribosome</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">gene</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">gene</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">polymerase</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Golgi body</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">transfer</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">synthetase</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">messenger</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">single</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">hydrogen</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">pore</span></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>Transcription is the synthesis of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="single"> <span class="review"></span> stranded <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="messenger"> <span class="review"></span> RNA (mRNA) from the DNA template strand by RNA <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="polymerase"> <span class="review"></span> .</p><p>The RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at the start code of a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="gene"> <span class="review"></span> and separates the double helix by breaking the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="hydrogen"> <span class="review"></span> bonds. It then moves along the DNA strand, pairing up the DNA template strand with <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="complimentary"> <span class="review"></span> RNA nucleotides and joining up the backbone to form a single strand of mRNA.</p><p>At the end of the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="gene"> <span class="review"></span> , the completed mRNA strand then detaches from the DNA and the double helix <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="reforms"> <span class="review"></span> . The mRNA moves out of the nucleus through the nuclear <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="pore"> <span class="review"></span> and joins to a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="ribosome"> <span class="review"></span> in the cytoplasm for translation to a polypeptide.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Explanation: A gene is a portion of a DNA strand. DNA polymerase forms an mRNA single strand complimetary to the template strand of DNA corresponding to a gene. (except that Uracil replaces Thymine in RNA). </em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <p> </p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-861-603"><p><strong>Translation is an improtant concept and the terminology must be known.</strong></p><p>Drag and drop the correct word or phrase into the gap to outline translation.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">polypeptide</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">end</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">attached</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">three</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">mRNA</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">detach</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">complimentary</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">ribosome</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">genetic code</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">next</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">anticodon</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">amino acids</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>Translation is the synthesis of a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="polypeptide"> <span class="review"></span> chain with a sequence of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="amino acids"> <span class="review"></span> corresponding to the sequence of codons in the mRNA.</p><p> Codons consist of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="three"> <span class="review"></span> bases on the mRNA chain. These are translated into an amino acid in the polypeptide sequence according to the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="genetic code"> <span class="review"></span> , for example the codon GGG on <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="mRNA"> <span class="review"></span> is translated into the amino acid glycine in the polypeptide chain</p><p>Translation occurs in the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="ribosome"> <span class="review"></span> where the codon on the mRNA binds to the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="anticodon"> <span class="review"></span> on the tRNA by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="complimentary"> <span class="review"></span> base pairing. The tRNA has the amino acid corresponding to the anticodon previously <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="attached"> <span class="review"></span> . The ribosome attaches this amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain and then moves along the mRNA to translate the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="next"> <span class="review"></span> codon.</p><p>When the ribosome reaches the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="end"> <span class="review"></span> of the mRNA chain, ribosome, mRNA and polypeptide chain <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="detach"> <span class="review"></span> from each other.</p><p> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Examiner hint: This is a basic outline of the process. You will need a more detailed understanding of the genetic code and of the role of the ribosome in translation.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> </div> <p> </p> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Everyone needs a break or a change of activity from time to time. This activity is a bit of fun, but it's still revision <a href="http://quizlet.com/52145753/match/embed" target="_blank">DNA replication, transcription and translation card matching game.</a></p> <ul> </ul> <p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="500" scrolling="no" src="https://quizlet.com/52145753/match/embed" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <ul> </ul> <div class="page-container panel-self-assessment" data-id="603"> <div class="panel-heading">MY PROGRESS</div> <div class="panel-body understanding-rate"> <div class="msg"></div> <label class="label-lg">Self-assessment</label><p>How much of <strong>DNA Replication, transcription, translation 2.7</strong> have you understood?</p><div class="slider-container text-center"><div id="self-assessment-slider" class="sib-slider self-assessment " data-value="1" data-percentage=""></div></div> <label class="label-lg">My notes</label> <textarea 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