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href="../605/photosynthesis-29.html">Photosynthesis 2.9</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Water 2.2 <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="578" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../463/02-molecular-biology.html">02 Molecular biology</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Water 2.2</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img class="intro-image" readonly="true" src="../../images/02_molecules/water_100x100(1)-1.png" style="width: 418px; height: 360px;"> <div class="content" readonly="true"> <div class="text">In this section you will learn everything about the water, about its composition, polarity, hydrogen bonds and what makes water so unique in terms of its physical properties. You will also have the chance to look at how solubility of a substance determines the method of transportation in the blood. </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary for 2.2 Water using these flashcards.</p> <p><iframe frameborder="0" height="420" scrolling="no" src="https://quizlet.com/52100012/flashcards/embed" width="100%"><br> </iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - good revision for all students.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-47" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="47"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cspolarity-hydrogenbonds.PNG" data-fancybox="gallery-47" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cspolarity-hydrogenbonds.PNG"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cscomparisontomethane.PNG" data-fancybox="gallery-47" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cscomparisontomethane.PNG"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-47/keypropertiesofwater.PNG" data-fancybox="gallery-47" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-47/keypropertiesofwater.PNG"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cssolubilitywater.PNG" data-fancybox="gallery-47" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cssolubilitywater.PNG"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cstransportationblood.PNG" data-fancybox="gallery-47" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cstransportationblood.PNG"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-47" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-47" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cspolarity-hydrogenbonds-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cscomparisontomethane-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-47/keypropertiesofwater-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cssolubilitywater-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-47/cstransportationblood-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3>Summary list for 2.2 Water </h3> <ul> <li>Hydrogen bonds form between polar water molecules.</li> <li>This force give water special properties, e.g. cohesiveness, adhesiveness, thermal<br> and solvent properties.</li> <li>Glucose, amino acids and salts are hydrophilic while cholesterol and fats are hydrophobic.</li> <li>Compare the thermal properties of water with those of methane and explain how this affects its use a as a coolant in sweat.</li> <li>Compare the solubility of glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen and sodium chloride in water and link this to the way they are transported.</li> <li>Explain benefits of water properties to living organisms (Transparency and density not required).</li> <li>Evaluate how significant hydrogen bonding is in the properties of water</li> </ul> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <h3>Mindmaps</h3> <p>These diagram summaries cover the main sections of topic 2.2 Water<br> Study them and draw your own list or concept map from memory.</p> <div id="carousel-91" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="91"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-91/22water3spider.png" data-fancybox="gallery-91" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-91/22water3spider.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-91/22waterspiderlist.png" data-fancybox="gallery-91" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-91/22waterspiderlist.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-91/22water2spider.png" data-fancybox="gallery-91" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-91/22water2spider.png"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-91" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-91" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-91/22water3spider-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-91/22waterspiderlist-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-91/22water2spider-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3>Exam style question about hydrogen bonding</h3> <p>Understanding the way in which hydrogen bonding affects water molecules is an important skill from this topic.</p> <p>Answer the question below on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Outline the properties of water which result from hydrogen bonding between water molecules [4]</strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <div class="yellowBg"> <h3>Model answer</h3> <p><strong>Outline the properties of water which result from hydrogen bonding between water molecules [4]</strong><br> <em>(Remember to mention both the property of water and how hydrogen bonding affects it in each point)</em></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Water has a high specific heat capacity because hydrogen bonding requires more energy increase temperature.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The surface of water has 'surface tension' as a result of hydrogen bonds attracting water molecules strongly</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;"> Water is an excellent solvent because hydrogen bonding allows it to form bonds with ions, polar molecules as well as the small covalent molecules like oxygen which would usually dissolve</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Water molecules are held together tightly because of hydrogen bonding which makes water cohesive.</span></p> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question comparing water with methane</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>This question expects students to be able to compare the properties of water with those of a similar sized molecule which has no hydrogen bonding. Essentially, hydrogen bonding changes all the properties because it increases the attraction between water molecules.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p>Water and methane are molecules with similar sizes, at least they are more similar to one another than either of these molecules is to Glucose.</p> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/02_molecules/water_methane.png" style="width: 250px; height: 130px;"></p> <p><strong>Compare and contrast the properties of water and methane. [4]</strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> </div> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p>This is a model answer to the second question</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Compare and contrast the properties of water and methane. [4]</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Water and methane are both small, covalently bonded molecules.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;"> Water has a higher boiling point than methane.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Water is a polar molecule and methane is non-polar.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Water can dissolve polar and non-polar molecules, but methane will only dissolve non-polar molecules.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Water is more cohesive, adhesive than methane.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Water has a lower boiling point than methane / it's a liquid at room temp, methane is a gas.</span></p> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>This is a self marking quiz containing questions covering the topic outlined above.<br> Try the questions to check your understanding.</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#3d4b2703"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="3d4b2703"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 class="modal-title" style="width: 100%;"> 2.2 Water <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> </h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-218-578" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram below shows dotted lines between a group of water molecules.<br>What do these dotted lines represent?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/02_molecules/watermolecules_hbonding.png" style="width: 350px; height: 202px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Ionic bonds</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Covalent bonds</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Electrical charges</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Hydrogen bonds</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Hydrogen bonds form between polar water molecules. Between the O and the H of an adjacent molecule.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which properties of water molecules could be said to result from hydrogen bonding?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> High latent heat of vaporisation which helps cooling from sweat.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It has low cohesion, preventing it from sticking to leaf surfaces.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Great transparency which helps aquatic plants get light.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It has a low boiling point for a molecule of its size, helping transpiration.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Hydrogen bonding gives water special properties, e.g. high cohesiveness, high adhesiveness, high specific heat capacity, and excellent solvent properties.</p><p>Transparency is a property of water, but it is not <strong>caused</strong> by hydrogen bonding.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Some medicines are designed to dissolve in a glass of water.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/02_molecules/soluble_tablet.png" style="width: 193px; height: 200px;"></p><p>What is the term used to describe polar molecules which are easily soluble in water?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Hydrophilic</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Osmotic</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Hydrophobic</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Hydrostatic</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Glucose, amino acids and salts are hydrophilic while cholesterol and other fats are hydrophobic.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the difference between oxygen molecules (carried in red blood cells) and glucose molecules (carried in blood plasma) which can explain why they are transported in different ways in the blood?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Glucose is hydrophilic and slightly soluble and oxygen is hydrophilic and insoluble in water.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Glucose is hydrophobic and oxygen is hydrophilic.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Glucose is hydrophilic and soluble in water. Oxygen is a small molecule, only slightly soluble in water.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They are both soluble in water, but glucose is less polar than oxygen.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Compare the high solubility of glucose, amino acids, and sodium chloride in water and link this to the way they are transported in blood. Oxygen is slightly soluble in water.<br>Compare the low solubility fats in water an link this to the fact they are not transported in blood very well.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which property of water helps to keep lakes at relatively stable temperatures?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> It has a high specific heat capacity.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It it adhesive and cohesive.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It is transparent.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It has a high melting point.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Explain benefits of water properties to living organisms (Transparency and density not required.)</p><p>Because water has a high specific heat capacity, it takes a lot of energy to make it change temperature, and this is what cools the skin in sweating.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram below shows some molecules of water, methane and oxygen.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/02_molecules/methane_water_oxygen.png" style="width: 600px; height: 229px;"></p><p>For what reason are the boiling points of methane and oxygen so much lower than the boiling point of water?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> There is more energy in the bonds of methane and oxygen molecules than water.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Water is a liquid and methane and oxygen are gases.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The size of a water molecule is smaller than a methane or oxygen molecule.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Water is a polar molecule, resulting in hydrogen bonding. Methane and oxygen are non-polar.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Hydrogen bonding is really important in the properties of water. By holding the water molecules together more strongly the hydrogen bonds cause water to have a higher m.p. and b.p than methane. C-H bonds in methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) are evenly arranged around the molecule so it is not polar so there is no hydrogen bonding in methane, and also in oxygen, the O-O bond is not polar.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following molecules are readily soluble in water?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Steroids, Fatty acids and glycerol.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Lipids and carbohydrates.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Glucose, some amino acids and ionic salts.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Ionic salts and polysaccharides</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Water has important solvent properties. <br>Polar molecules and ionic salts dissolve readily in water and this helps them to be transported in the blood.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <hr> <h3>Drag and drop activities</h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-836-578"><p><strong>Drag and drop learning engagements</strong><o:p></o:p></p><p>Test your construction of biological knowledge using the drag and drop questions below.</p><p><o:p>Water properties and their importance to living systems.</o:p></p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/2.1-water.jpg" style="width: 120px; height: 120px;"></p><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to describe the importance of water properties to living systems.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">raise</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">carbohydrates</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Cohesion</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">soil</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">High</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">sweat</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">other</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">heat capacity</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Solvent</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">aquatic</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">water </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">stems</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">hydrophilic</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>The polarity of the covalent bonds between the atoms in the water molecule causes hydrogen bonds between the molecules. These give the following properties which are vital to the functions of living organisms:</p><ol><li> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Cohesion"> <span class="review"></span> , water molecules attract each other - allows an unbroken <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="water "> <span class="review"></span> column to rise up the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="stems"> <span class="review"></span> of tall trees.</li><li>Adhesion, water molecules are attracted to <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="other"> <span class="review"></span> charged molecules - retains water in <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="soil"> <span class="review"></span> .</li><li> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Solvent"> <span class="review"></span> - dissolves <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="hydrophilic"> <span class="review"></span> molecules such as ions, proteins and <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="carbohydrates"> <span class="review"></span> in blood plasma.</li><li>High <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="heat capacity"> <span class="review"></span> , large quantity of heat needed to <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="raise"> <span class="review"></span> the temperature of water, stable <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="aquatic"> <span class="review"></span> environments.</li><li> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="High"> <span class="review"></span> heat of vapourisation, large quantity of heat to evaporate - <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="sweat"> <span class="review"></span> as a coolant.</li></ol></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Examiner hint - Use correct terminology</em>. <em>You need to know examples of how the properties of water are important to living systems.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-expandable panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra drag and drop explanation on water as a solvent click to open.</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p style="text-align: center;">This drag and drop question links the solvent properties of wate to other areas of the syllabus</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-949-578"><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">energy</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">solvent</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">enzyme</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">bilayers</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">protective</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">polar</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Amphoteric</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">keratin</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Insoluble</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">transported</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Lipids</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>The <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="polar"> <span class="review"></span> nature of the water molecule makes it a good <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="solvent"> <span class="review"></span> for hydrophilic molecules. Water is the solvent in which most <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="enzyme"> <span class="review"></span> controlled reactions of the body occur and, in which, soluble substances are <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="transported"> <span class="review"></span> round the organism.</p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Insoluble"> <span class="review"></span> substances have important roles in storage and as structural components of cells and tissues. <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Lipids"> <span class="review"></span> and starch are insoluble <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="energy"> <span class="review"></span> storage compounds, once formed inside a cell they cannot diffuse out of the cell. Insoluble proteins such as <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="keratin"> <span class="review"></span> found in hair, horn and hooves have <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="protective"> <span class="review"></span> and locomotive functions.</p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Amphoteric"> <span class="review"></span> phospholipids molecules assemble into <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="bilayers"> <span class="review"></span> forming the basis of the cell membrane.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p> </p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Everyone needs a bit of fun while they revise. Try this <a href="http://www.classtools.net/wordshooter/201706_Wc8bX8" target="_blank">Water wordshoot revision game</a>. Can you reach the leader board?</p> <p><iframe frameborder="0" height="480" scrolling="no" src="https://www.classtools.net/wordshooter/201706_Wc8bX8" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <ul> </ul> <div class="page-container panel-self-assessment" data-id="578"> <div class="panel-heading">MY PROGRESS</div> <div class="panel-body understanding-rate"> <div class="msg"></div> <label class="label-lg">Self-assessment</label><p>How much of <strong>Water 2.2</strong> have you understood?</p><div class="slider-container text-center"><div id="self-assessment-slider" class="sib-slider self-assessment " data-value="1" data-percentage=""></div></div> <label class="label-lg">My notes</label> <textarea name="page-notes" class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Write your notes here..."></textarea> </div> <div class="panel-footer text-xs-center"> <span id="last-edited" class="mb-xs-3"> </span> <div class="actions mt-xs-3"> 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