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1.1</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../606/ultrastructure-of-cells-12-.html">Ultrastructure of cells 1.2 </a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../607/membrane-structure-13-.html">Membrane structure 1.3 </a></label></li><li class="expanded parent selected"><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="membrane-transport-14-.html">Membrane transport 1.4 </a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../608/the-origin-of-cells-15.html">The origin of cells 1.5</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../609/cell-division-16.html">Cell division 1.6</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Membrane transport 1.4 <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="575" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../462/01-cell-biology.html">01 Cell biology</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Membrane transport 1.4 </span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <style type="text/css">ol.breadcrumb { margin-bottom: 0 }</style><div id="toc-1675505948" class="toc"><a href="#" class="toc-switcher" title="Show table of contents"><small><i class="fa fa-reorder"></i> Table of contents <span class="pull-right"><i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></span></small></a><ol><li><a href="#header-1" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-1">Summary list for 1.4 Membrane transport</a></li><li><a href="#header-2" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-2">Mindmaps</a></li><li><a href="#header-3" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-3">Exam style question about osmosis in plant tissues</a></li><li><a href="#header-4" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-4">Model answer</a></li><li><a href="#header-5" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-5">Model answer</a></li><li><a href="#header-6" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-6">Model answer</a></li><li><a href="#header-7" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-7">Multiple choice questions</a><ol></ol></li><li><a href="#header-8" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-8"> 1.4 Membrane transport 1/1 </a></li></ol><li><a href="#header-9" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-9">Drag and drop activities</a></li></div><div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/membrane-protein-1.jpeg" style="float: left; width: 189px; height: 100px;">The membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. This includes using diffusion and osmosis. Sometimes the membrane uses integral proteins as channels and pumps, sometimes the membrane surrounds something which needs moving into or out of the cell.</div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary for 1.4 membrane transport using these flashcards.</p> <div class="tib-flashcard"><a class="show-flashcards btn btn-success btn-xs-block btn-block " data-levels="1" data-mode="" data-topics="598" data-subject-id="5" data-n-flashcards="9" style="text-align:center">Show flashcards</a></div><hr> <p><iframe frameborder="0" height="500" scrolling="no" src="https://quizlet.com/52016085/flashcards/embed" width="100%"><br> </iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - good revision for all students.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-84" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="84"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img0.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-84" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img0.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-84" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img3v2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-84" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img3v2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-84" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-84" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-84" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img5.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img6.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-84" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img6.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img7.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-84" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img7.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img8.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-84" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img8.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img9.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-84" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img9.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img10.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-84" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img10.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-84" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-84" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img0-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img3v2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="5"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img5-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="6"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img6-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="7"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img7-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="8"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img8-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="9"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img9-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="10"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-84/img10-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-1">Summary list for 1.4 Membrane transport<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505948" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <ul> <li>Particles move across membranes by simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and active transport.</li> <li>The fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells by endocytosis or released by exocytosis. Vesicles move materials within cells.</li> <li>Know how the structure helps the function of sodium–potassium pumps for active transport and potassium channels for facilitated diffusion in axons.</li> <li>Understand why tissues (or organs) waiting to be used in medical procedures must be bathed in a solution with the same osmolarity as the cytoplasm to prevent osmosis.</li> <li>Skill: Estimation of osmolarity in tissues by bathing samples in hypotonic and hypertonic solutions. (Practical 2)</li> </ul> <h3 id="header-2">Mindmaps<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505948" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>These diagram summaries cover the main sections of topic 1.4 about membrane transport.<br> Study them and draw your own list or concept map from memory.</p> <div id="carousel-83" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="83"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-83/14membranetransportspiderlist.png" data-fancybox="gallery-83" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-83/14membranetransportspiderlist.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-83/14membranetransportspider.png" data-fancybox="gallery-83" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-83/14membranetransportspider.png"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-83" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-83" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-83/14membranetransportspiderlist-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-83/14membranetransportspider-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-3">Exam style question about osmosis in plant tissues<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505948" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Explaining osmosis is an important skill from this topic.</p> <p>Answer the question below, on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p>The images show two views of some red onion cells under the microscope during osmosis.</p> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/plasmolysis(1).png" style="width: 600px; height: 131px;"></p> <p><strong>Describe how osmosis changes the cells in this experiment [4]</strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <div class="yellowBg"> <h3 id="header-4">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505948" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>In a description always try to link an object to its action or a biological term to a definition.</p> <p><strong>Describe how osmosis changes the cells in this experiment [4]</strong></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Osmosis is moving water out of the cells.<br> Water moves from cytoplasm with a higher water potential to the surrounding solution with a higher solute concentration.</span><span style="color:#FF0000;"><br> The water passes through the selectively-permeable plasma membrane.<br> The cytoplasm volume gets smaller and the plasma membrane separates from the cell wall in places.</span><br> <span style="color:#FF0000;">This is called plasmolysis.</span></p> </div> </section> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question on osmosis - - - click the + symbol to open it -- ></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Outline the effect of putting a eukaryotic animal cell into distilled water (3)</strong></p> <p>...................................................................................................................................................</p> <p>...................................................................................................................................................</p> <p>...................................................................................................................................................</p> <p>...................................................................................................................................................</p> <p><em>Examiner's hint: In an outline question give a short description with a detail about why it happens, or the consequences in each point. An 'outline' must be more than a list of effects.</em></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer. </p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-5">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505948" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Outline the effect of putting a eukaryotic animal cell into distilled water (3)</strong></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Inward osmosis will take place if a cell is put into distilled water. </span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Water moves from the solution with a lower solute concentration (hypotonic) to the cytoplasm which has a higher solute concentration ((hypertonic). </span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The volume of cytoplasm will increase over time until the cell ruptures / bursts</span><span style="color:#FF0000;">.</span></p> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question on diffusion and active transport - - click the + symbol to open it -- ></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>This question requires knowledge of the movement of substances through membranes. </p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><b><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:">Question Compare and contrast diffusion and active transport. (4 marks) </span></b></p> <p>...................................................................................................................................................</p> <p>...................................................................................................................................................</p> <p>...................................................................................................................................................</p> <p>...................................................................................................................................................</p> <p> <em>Examiner hint: Compare and contrast is asking for similarities and differences.</em></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer. </p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-6">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505948" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><b><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:">Question Compare and contrast diffusion and active transport. (4 marks) </span></b></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Both active transport and diffusion are involved in transporting substances across a cell membrane.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Active transport is an active (ATP requiring) process whereas diffusion is passive (does not use energy).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Active transport transports substances against their concentration gradient, in diffusion substances move down their concentration gradient.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Active transport requires a protein pump in the membrane which uses ATP, but diffusion does not need membrane proteins.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Active transport is selective (the protein pump moves a specific molecule), diffusion depends only on concentration gradients and permeability.</span></li> </ul> </div> <span style="color:#FF0000;"></span></section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-7">Multiple choice questions<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505948" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>This quiz contains a set of multiple choice questions covering the topic. Explanations of each answer are displayed after you click to check the answer(s).</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#be5aed6b"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="be5aed6b"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 id="header-8"> 1.4 Membrane transport <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> <small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505948" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-202-575" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following best describes exocytosis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Exocytosis moves molecules out of cells using vesicles.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Exocytosis moves molecules into cells using vesicles.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Exocytosis moves molecules into cells using diffusion.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Exocytosis moves molecule out of cells using diffusion.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The fluidity of membranes allows materials to be released by exocytosis.<br>Vesicles move materials within cells to the membrane, e.g. enzymes in cells of a gland.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Sodium channels are made from a protein. </p><p>Where in the cell are sodium channel proteins found.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> These proteins are usually found in the nucleus.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They are found in the cytoplasm.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They are usually only found in mitochondria.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> These proteins span across the plasma membrane.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Sodium channel proteins are found spanning the plasma membrane. Their structure helps the function for facilitated diffusion in cells because they allow ions to pass cross the membrane.</p><p>If the protein was not a trans-membrane protein then it would not be able to transport ions across the membrane.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>This box contains a lung waiting for a transplant operation.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/lung_transplant.png" style="width: 250px; height: 160px;"></p><p>What is special about the solution inside the box which surrounds the tissue?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The solution is hypertonic compared to the tissue.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The solution is hypotonic compared to the tissue.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The solution has the same osmolarity as the cells in the tissue.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The solution is made of cytoplasm from cells in the tissue.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Tissues and organs must be kept in a solution with the same osmolarity as the cytoplasm of the cells to prevent osmosis. If they were kept in pure water, osmosis would carry water into the cells and they would burst, causing damage to the cells.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The four cells shown below have each been surrounded by a solution for 1 hour.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/plasmolysis_4cells.png" style="width: 500px; height: 279px;"></p><p>Which cells have been in a hypertonic solution ?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Cells B,C and D.</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> Cells A and B</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Cell A only.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Cells C and D.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Cell A is swollen turgid, it is in a hypotonic solution or an isotonic solution.</p><p>The cells B, C and D show increasing signs of plasmolysis, and so they must be in hypertonic solutions.</p><p>Skill: Estimation of osmolarity in tissues by bathing samples in hypotonic and hypertonic solutions. (Practical 2)</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The graph below shows the % change in mass at different concentrations of sucrose.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/osmosis_graph.png" style="width: 500px; height: 337px;"></p><p>Which of the following is the best estimate of the molarity of the cytoplasm of these cells?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 0.12 mol</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 0.5 mol</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 0.8 mol</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 0.3 mol</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>When a sample of cells show no change in mass, then the net movement of water by osmosis must be zero. This shows the concentration of the cytoplasm of the cells. In this graph it would be about 0.3 mol</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following are methods by which molecules can move across membranes?</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">I. Simple diffusion</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">II. Facilitated diffusion</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">III. Cytokinesis</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">IV. Active transport</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I and II</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I,II,III and IV</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> I,II and IV</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I,III and IV</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>There are actually four types of membrane transport which are required in DP Biology, Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and active transport.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the structures listed below are involved in membrane transport?</p><ol start="1" style="list-style-type: upper-roman;"><li>Ribosomes</li><li>Flagella</li><li>Integral proteins</li><li>Protein channels</li></ol></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I and II</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> II and IV</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> III and IV</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> II,III and IV</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Many transmembrane proteins are involved in transport of molecules across membranes. These can either provide a sort of molecular pore through which ions or molecules can pass (facilitated diffusion), or they can use ATP to actively move molecules, even against the concentration gradient (active transport).These are just two examples, transport can also occur by simple diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer, or by endocytosis.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Cells are often stored in isotonic conditions because they can be damaged in other concentrations, hypertonic, or <span class="scayt-misspell-word" data-scayt-word="hypotonic" data-wsc-id="kyrshl6r7ue91k7yi" data-wsc-lang="en_GB">hypotonic</span>. Which of the descriptions of hypertonic is the most accurate?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Hypertonic solutions have fewer solutes than the cells.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes than the cells.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Hypertonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes than the cells.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Hypertonic solutions have less water than the cells.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes, and lower water potentials than cells.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram shows the transport of sodium ions across a membrane.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/membrane_image_kna_pump.png" style="width: 400px; height: 166px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid;"></p><p>Which explanation gives the best description of the type of membrane transport shown?.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> This is active transport because it is going against the concentration gradient.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> This is active transport because it uses energy from ATP.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> This is facilitated diffusion because it only transports specific ions.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> This is facilitated diffusion because it is helped by ATP.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Facilitated diffusion does not require energy from ATP so this process is active transport. It can move sodium ions against the concentration gradient, but this is not always the case.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which label in the image below shows the process of endocytosis?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/intercellular-transport.png" style="width: 400px; height: 255px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input class="c" type="radio"> C</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> D</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> B</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> A</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Endocytosis is the process where a substance is surrounded by the plasma membrane which forms a vesicle inside the cell that then moves into the cytoplasm, separating from the plasma membrane.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <hr> <h3 id="header-9">Drag and drop activities<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505948" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-826-575"><p>Test your construction of biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p><p><strong>Passive transport across the cell membrane.</strong></p><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to describe passive transport.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Osmosis</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">muscle cells</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">down</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">against</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">(ATP)</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Diffusion</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">hypotonic</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">shape</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">oxygen</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">diffusion gradient</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">into the cell</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">hypertonic</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">channel protein</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>In passive transport, substances can pass across the plasma membrane <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="down"> <span class="review"></span> their <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="diffusion gradient"> <span class="review"></span> without energy <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="(ATP)"> <span class="review"></span> expenditure by diffusion or facilitated transport.</p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Diffusion"> <span class="review"></span> occurs across the membrane through the bilayer, for example <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="oxygen"> <span class="review"></span> into muscle cells.</p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Osmosis"> <span class="review"></span> is a form of diffusion where water passess across the plasma membrane from a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="hypotonic"> <span class="review"></span> to a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="hypertonic"> <span class="review"></span> solution.</p><p>Facilitated transport uses a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="channel protein"> <span class="review"></span> . This protein combines with a certain substance, changes <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="shape"> <span class="review"></span> (conformation) taking the molecule <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="into the cell"> <span class="review"></span> without using energy, for example glucose into <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="muscle cells"> <span class="review"></span> .</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Explanation/Examiner hint. Use correct terminology.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <hr> <div class="panel panel-expandable panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra drag and drop explanation on endocytosis and exocytosis click the '+' symbol to open it.</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-827-575"><p>Test your construction of biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p><p><strong>Endocytosis and exocytosis.</strong></p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to outline endocytosis and exocytosis.</p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">plasma membrane</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">vesicle</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">RER</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">particles</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">modified </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">secretion</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">fuse</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">white blood cells</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Golgi Body </span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>Endocytosis: Engulfing of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="particles"> <span class="review"></span> or droplets by invagination of the plasma membrane forming a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="vesicle"> <span class="review"></span> .</p><p>Example: <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="white blood cells"> <span class="review"></span> engulfing pathogenic bacteria.</p><p>Exocytosis: Proteins made in the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="RER"> <span class="review"></span> travel to the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Golgi Body "> <span class="review"></span> where they are <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="modified "> <span class="review"></span> and formed into vesicles. These vesicles travel to the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="plasma membrane"> <span class="review"></span> and <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="fuse"> <span class="review"></span> with it, releasing their contents.</p><p>Example: <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="secretion"> <span class="review"></span> of hormones.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Explanation/Examiner hint. In an outline response, you can use short, pertinent phrases to state the major points. Examples can gain credit.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Have some fun while revising. try this educational <a href="http://www.classtools.net/wordshooter/201902_DXJm8D" target="_blank">Revision arcade game about membrane transport</a>. </p> <p align="center"><iframe frameborder="0" height="250" scrolling="no" src="//www.classtools.net/widg/201902_DXJm8D" width="570"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <ul> </ul> <div class="page-container panel-self-assessment" data-id="575"> <div class="panel-heading">MY PROGRESS</div> <div class="panel-body understanding-rate"> <div class="msg"></div> <label class="label-lg">Self-assessment</label><p>How much of <strong>Membrane transport 1.4 </strong> have you understood?</p><div class="slider-container text-center"><div id="self-assessment-slider" class="sib-slider self-assessment " data-value="1" data-percentage=""></div></div> <label class="label-lg">My notes</label> <textarea name="page-notes" class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Write your notes here..."></textarea> </div> <div class="panel-footer text-xs-center"> <span id="last-edited" class="mb-xs-3"> </span> <div class="actions mt-xs-3"> <button id="save-my-progress" type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary text-center btn-xs-block"> <i class="fa fa-fw fa-floppy-o"></i> Save </button> </div> </div></div> <div id="modal-feedback" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title">Feedback</h4> <button type="button" class="close hidden-xs hidden-sm" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="errors"></div> <p><strong>Which of the following best describes your feedback?</strong></p> <form method="post" style="overflow: hidden"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="radio"><label style="color: #121212;"><input type="radio" name="feedback-type" value="Recommendation"> Recommend</label></div><div class="radio"><label style="color: #121212;"><input type="radio" name="feedback-type" value="Problem"> Report a problem</label></div><div class="radio"><label style="color: #121212;"><input type="radio" name="feedback-type" value="Improvement"> Suggest an improvement</label></div><div class="radio"><label style="color: #121212;"><input type="radio" name="feedback-type" value="Other"> Other</label></div> </div> <hr> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="feedback-name">Name</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" name="feedback-name" placeholder="Name" value=" "> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="feedback-email">Email address</label> <input type="email" class="form-control" name="feedback-email" placeholder="Email" value="@airmail.cc"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="feedback-comments">Comments</label> <textarea class="form-control" name="feedback-comments" style="resize: vertical;"></textarea> </div> <input type="hidden" name="feedback-ticket" value="082b9c9c4ae3624d"> <input type="hidden" name="feedback-url" value="https://studyib.net/biology/page/575/membrane-transport-14-"> <input type="hidden" name="feedback-subject" value="5"> <input type="hidden" name="feedback-subject-name" value="Biology"> <div class="pull-left"> </div> </form> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs-block feedback-submit mb-xs-3 pull-right"> <i class="fa fa-send"></i> Send </button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block m-xs-0 pull-left" data-dismiss="modal"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="fc-viewer" class="modal fade modal-flashcard" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"><div class="modal-dialog" role="document"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header" style="background-color: #fafafa;"><div class="row" style="width: 100%;"><div class="col-md-12 tags-heading"><div style="display: flex; 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