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pull-right" data-pid="2882" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../2876/paper-1-style-exam-questions.html">Paper 1 style Exam questions</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Topic 3 Genetics Paper 1 questions</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Topic_1:_Cell_biology">Topic 3: <a class="internal-link" href="https://e.studyib.net/biology/page/465/03-genetics-sl">Genetics SL</a></span> <img alt="" src="../../images/03_genetics/dna_profiles-1.jpg" style="float: right; width: 112px; height: 100px;"></h3> <p><span class="mw-headline">This page contains<strong> multiple choice questions</strong> in the style of Paper 1 of the Biology exams.<br> They test the breadth of your knowledge of the understandings and skills <strong>about genetics</strong>.</span><span class="mw-headline"><br> To spend more time reviewing the topic before answering these questions, use the revision resources.</span></p> <p><span class="mw-headline"></span></p> <div class="index-list"> <div class="item"> <div class="bg-cover cover-96" onclick="window.location='/biology/page/465/03-genetics-sl'" style="background-image: url('../../images/03_genetics/meiosis_painting-1.jpg')" title="03 Genetics SL"> </div> <div class="content"> <h4 class="head"><a href="../465/03-genetics-sl.html">Genetics SL revision resources</a></h4> <p class="body">This is an introduction to the SL genetics topic. It lists understandings and skills expected for Topic 3 including genes, chromosomes, meiosis, the theoretical genetics of inheritance, GMOs and biotechnology. Helpful for revision. Detailed...</p> </div> </div> </div> <p><span class="mw-headline">Learn from any mistakes. Every question has an examiner's explanation that appears when you check your answers.<span class="mw-headline"><span class="mw-headline"><span class="mw-headline"><img alt="" src="../../images/00_random-images/check-button.png" style="width: 80px; height: 35px;"></span></span></span></span></p> <div class="tib-quiz dyn-quiz" data-pid="2882" data-mtime="1675505937.9252"><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>A gene is a heritable factor. What is it made from?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Made from a specific length of mRNA</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Made of a length of DNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Made from the genome of a cell.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Made from protein.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>A gene is a heritable factor.</p><p>It is made from DNA and controlls one specific characteristic.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">2</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Why are the chromosomes at the start of meiosis all double stranded?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Chromatids join at the centromere during prophase</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>DNA replication happens twice during meiosis.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Chromatids fuse together during fertilization</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>DNA replication produces a copy of all the DNA before meiosis.</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>DNA is replicated before meiosis so that all chromosomes at start of meiosis are 'double stranded' with two sister chromatids.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">3</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Gametes are said to be haploid. What does this term mean?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They contain two chromosomes of each pair.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> They only contain one chromosome of each pair.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They contain at least 30 chromosomes</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They contian only one nucleus.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Haploid nuclei have one chromosome of each pair.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">4</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>This chart is often used in the diagnosis of chromosome mutations.</p><p>What is the name given to this type of diagram and how is it traditionally made.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/03_genetics/trisomie-21.jpg" style="width: 400px; height: 302px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A karyotype made by evaporating the cytoplasm from a dividing cell and separating the chromosomes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A karyogram made by lining up dividing cells in size order in pairs</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A chromatogram made by photographing nucleus of a cell and separating chromosomes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> A karyogram made by photographing a dividing cell and cutting out the visible chromosomes.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>A karyogram (a chart) shows the chromosomes of an organism in homologous pairs of decreasing length.<br>(Karyotype is the number and type of chromosomes present in the nucleus)</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">5</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>This diagram shows the inheritance of a genetic disease in three generations of a family.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/03_genetics/pedigree_chart_sexlinked.png" style="width: 450px; height: 249px;"></p><p>What type of inheritance is the most likely for this disease?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A dominant sex linked gene</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A recessive autosomal gene.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> A recessive sex linked gene</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A dominant autosomal gene.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Only males in the familyinherit the disease so it is probably sex linked.<br>The disease can skip a generation suggesting that it is recessive.</p><p>It is likely that the grandmother in generation I and mother 3 in generation II are carriers of the disease.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">6</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>This image shows the results of the gel electrophoresis of two samples of DNA.</p><p><img alt="" height="282" src="../../images/03_genetics/gel_electrophoresis_vsmall-1.png" width="216"></p><p>What has the process of gel electrophoresis done?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> DNA frangments in each sample have been separated.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Chromatin colours in the DNA bave been made visible.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It has shown that sample A contains more DNA than sample B.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Some DNA bases have been identified.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Gel electrophoresis is used for the separation of fragments of DNA (or proteins).</p><p>Different sizes of DNA more different distances, smaller fragments move more quickly than larger fragments.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">7</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the process called in which a small sample of DNA is amplified using PCR and then separated using gel elecrophoresis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA Amplification.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> DNA profiling.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA base sequencing.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA transcription</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>DNA profiling uses PCR and gel electrophoresis to compare samples of DNA (eg. in paternity disputes)</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">8</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>This experiment investigates the growth of roots in cuttings of plants.<br>Five lengths of the stem were tested, only two are shown in this photo.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/03_genetics/cuttings_2.png" style="width: 280px; height: 339px;"></p><p>Which of the following variables would be a controlled variable for this experiment?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The number of roots growing.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The temperature of the water.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The formation of leaves.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The number of root branches.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Design of an experiment to assess one factor affecting the rooting of stem-cuttings of a plant which easily produces roots in soil. Many plant species and some animal species have natural methods of cloning.</p><p>In this experiment the temperature of the water would be a controlled variable, as would the volume of water, brightness of light, species of plant.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">9</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>In the image shown there is a small sample of DNA from two men and a child.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/03_genetics/dna_pprofile_3.png" style="width: 306px; height: 259px;"><br>Which of the males is most likely to be the father and why?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Male 2 because there are three matching DNA bands between the child and male 2.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Male 2 because some of the bands in male 2 are not found in the child</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Male 1 because four DNA bands match between male 1 and Male 2.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Male 1 because this sample has the most DNA bands.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Use images of DNA profiling to solve paternity disputes and other forensic examples.</p><p>The bands are very similar in male C, there is a small difference, but conditions in the gel may lead to some degree of uncertainty.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">10</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The human has approximately 23,000 genes, a small arthropod, the water flea Daphnia has about 31,000 genes. What can be concluded about the Daphnia, in comparison to the Human?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It is able to make more protein</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It has more enzymes</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It is more intelligent</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> It is able to make more kinds of proteins</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Genes are responsible for coding for proteins, it is reasonable to assume that the Daphnia can make more types of protein molecule, not all of which will be enzymes</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">11</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Why is it difficult to assess exactly the effects of genetically modified (GM) crops on humans?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> There are too many variables to control in human investigations.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Modified DNA is chemically different to natural DNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Most studies have been done using animals as models.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Not everyone eats the same food.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Studies that may harm health, done on humans, are unethical so animals are used to model the human response to consumption of the crops.<br>For this reason the data may not be applicable to humans in all cases.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">12</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The image shows a pride of lions. How are the genome and alleles of the members of the pride most accurately described?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/topic-3-images/3.1-lions.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 132px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They each have the same genome and the same alleles.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> They each have the same genome with variation in their alleles.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They each have a different genome but the same alleles.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They each have a different genome and variation in their alleles.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The genome is the genetic information of a species (eg the human genome). These lions have the same genome (that of Panthera leo) but each has variation in their alleles of their genes giving individual characteristics.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">13</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram shows chromosomes after chiasma during Prophase I of meiosis. What effect does crossing over have on alleles present in each of the chromosomes?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/topic-3-images/3.3-chiasma.jpg" style="width: 150px; height: 105px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Alleles are exchanged between different pairs of chromosomes giving different genes on chromosomes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Mutation occurs giving new alleles.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Alleles are exchanged between sister chromatids giving different combinations of alleles on the chromosomes. </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Genes are exchanged between sister chromatids giving different combinations of genes on the chromosomes.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Chiasma (crossing over) is the exchange of alleles between homologous (matching) pairs of chromosomes.The genes on the chromosome remain the same but the allelic combinations are changed.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">14</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>.The pedigree chart is of an inherited disease, where affected family members are shown as shaded. Deduce the pattern of inheritance of the inherited disease as shown in the pedigree chart.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/topic-3-images/3.4-pedigree-chart.jpg" style="width: 250px; height: 143px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Dominant gene on a heterosome (sex chromosome).</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Dominant gene on an autosome.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Recessive gene on a heterosome (sex chromosome).</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Recessive gene on an autosome.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>There is a female in the third generation not affected by the disease. Her parents are both affected and must be heterozygous, the gene causing the disease is autosomally recessive. It is not sex linked shown by the same inheritance pattern in males and females.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">15</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The photo shows a pink flowered Antirrhinum majus flower produced by crossing pure breeding red flowered with pure breeding white flowered plants. If these pink flowered plants were pollinated amongst themselves and the seeds planted to grow and produce flowers, what would be the expected ratio of flower colours in the next generation?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/topic-3-images/3.4-antirrhinum..jpg" style="width: 142px; height: 180px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 3 red: 1 white flower.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1 red: 1 white flower.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 100% pink flowers.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 2 pink: 1 white: 1 red flowers.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The red and white genes exhibit incomplete dominance as the F1 generation are all pink flowers, phenotypically intermediate. The F1 cross of pink flowered plants would be WRxWR, giving a predicted phenotypic ration of 2 pink: 1 white: 1 red flowers, where RR is red, WW is white and RW is pink (codominant).</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">16</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Jane's maternal grandfather was a haemophiliac. Both her parents do not have haemophilia. Could Jane have a haemophiliac son?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> No, because she could not be a carrier for haemophilia.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Yes, becuse she could be a carrier for haemophilia.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Yes, because her son could inherit haemophilia from his father.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> No, because her parents did not have haemophilia.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>If Jane's grandfather was a haemophiliac, her mother must be a carrier for the recessive haemophilia gene, genotype XX<sup>h</sup>. Jane has a 50% probability of being a carrier of the gene XX or XX<sup>h </sup>(carrier) and her son could inherit the gene if she is a carrier.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">17</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The image shows a genetic profiles from a crime scene and those of 3 suspects. What is the name of the process that produced the image?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/topic-3-images/3.5-genetic-profile.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 156px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> PCR.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> PCR and gel electrophoresis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Gel electrophoresis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Autoradiography.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>DNA samples are magnified by the PCR reaction and separated by gel electrophoresis.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">18</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the suspects could have identified as having been at the crime scene according to the pattern achieved by the gel elctrophoresis?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/topic-3-images/3.5-genetic-profile.jpg" style="width: 250px; height: 195px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1 and 2</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 3</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 2</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>All the bands of suspect 2 match those at the crime scene.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">19</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The sheep in the photograph are artificial clones. What is the source of the genetic material and the cell from which the embryos were formed that grew into these clones?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/topic-3-images/3.5-clone.jpg" style="width: 120px; height: 120px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Two ovae from the same female.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Two ovae from one female and two sperm from one male.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Two adult nuclei placed in two enucleated ovae from the same female.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> One fertilised ovum split into two embryos early in growth of the foetus.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Adult nuclei from one sheep would be placed in two ovae from the same female with their own nuclei removed (enucleated). If an embryo splits and forms two embryos early in embryonic growth, this is a form of natural cloning.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">20</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram below shows the change which differentiates the HbA allele from the HbS allele in sickle cell disease and in the amino acid sequence of the protein.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/03_genetics/sickle-cell-dna-polypeptide.png" style="width: 450px; height: 292px;"></p><p>How does the DNA mutation change the polypeptide sequence of the protein?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> In the third codon GAG is replaced by GTG.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The mRNA transcribed from the DNA has a codon for Valine in place of Glutamic acid.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The DNA adds the wrong amino acid to the protein.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The protein is not synthesised because the gene is unreadable.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The protein structure (1° structure) changes because one amino acid is now different. <br>In this case the 6th amino acid is changed from Glu (glutamic acid) to Val (valine)<br>This is caused by the mRNA transcribed from the DNA having a different codon.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <p> Refresh this page to try a new set of 20 multiple choice questions. 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